<s docid="LA050390-0168" num="11"> Clad in a blue hospital bathrobe and shouting answers to questions from a balcony of the U.S.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0168" num="12"> Air Force hospital here, Reed, 57, said he knows that Northern Irish lecturer Brian Keenan and British television journalist John McCarthy, captured in West Beirut on April 11 and April 17, 1986, respectively, are alive.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0168" num="14"> Reed also said he saw fellow American hostage Thomas Sutherland about 14 months ago and had been held prisoner earlier with Terry A. Anderson, the American journalist who has been a hostage for more than five years, longer than any other Westerner.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0168" num="29"> Reed did not say when he had seen Anderson, 42, the Associated Press's Beirut bureau chief, for the last time.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0168" num="30"> But he did say he had spent two years of his captivity in the same house with Anderson, who was abducted by the Islamic Jihad in March, 1985.</s>

<s docid="LA031790-0064" num="10"> Family, friends and colleagues of Associated Press correspondent Terry A. Anderson gathered at Lafayette Park on Friday to mark an anniversary they had hoped to never see.</s>

<s docid="LA031790-0064" num="11"> On March 16, 1985, after playing an early morning tennis match with an AP colleague, Anderson was kidnaped from a Beirut street.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="13"> Also on Saturday, China carried out its first expulsion of a foreign journalist since the current crisis began, and authorities launched a harsh verbal attack on the Voice of America, a key source of information about events here for many Chinese listeners.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="37"> Some journalists were shot or beaten while covering the army's move into Tian An Men Square last weekend, but none were killed or critically injured.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="38"> In recent days, authorities have issued vague warnings to foreigners that appear aimed in part at chilling news coverage of the current wave of arrests.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="39"> Some correspondents have been issued specific warnings that they have violated martial-law rules.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="41"> On Saturday, Peter Newport, a journalist with London-based Independent Television News, was ordered out of China after trying to cover a student protest in Shanghai, according to reports from that coastal city.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="42"> An ITN spokesman in London told Reuters news agency that police destroyed Newport's videocassettes and gave him 24 hours to leave China.</s>

<s docid="LA061189-0147" num="43"> He later arrived in Hong Kong, the agency said.</s>

<s docid="LA080490-0108" num="39"> For the record, Iraq has maintained that it opposes hostage-taking -- although some political observers in Britain insist that the Iranian-born journalist Farzad Bazoft, who was executed by Iraq on spy charges while reporting for a British newspaper, was little more than an Iraqi hostage.</s>

<s docid="LA092290-0094" num="12"> A statement sent to newspapers, radio and television stations late Thursday confirmed that traffickers had kidnaped two leading journalists and the sister of Colombia's ambassador to Italy.</s>

<s docid="LA092290-0094" num="18"> An armed band abducted Santos, the 28-year-old son of El Tiempo's publisher, Wednesday after forcing his car to the side of the road and killing his chauffeur.</s>

<s docid="LA092290-0094" num="25"> Both the caller and the cartel statement said traffickers are also holding Diana Turbay de Uribe, the editor of a news magazine and daughter of former Colombian president Julio Cesar Turbay.</s>

<s docid="LA092290-0094" num="26"> Turbay de Uribe is missing along with five other journalists who had been working with her.</s>

<s docid="LA092290-0094" num="27"> Another Bogota newspaper, La Prensa, reported Friday that the cartel is planning to release the other five journalists, including a West German.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="16"> Under Siege"] [Text] Tirana, Albania -- When 25-year-old Aleksander Frangaj, editor in chief of the most popular daily newspaper in Tirana, left the courthouse in the nation's capital in the first week of March, a crowd gathered outside the police van that drove him back to Tirana Prison.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="17"> "Sander! Sander!</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="18"> Sander"! they chanted.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="19"> Frangaj, who had been in prison for a month awaiting trial for exposing state secrets, held up two fingers in a V.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="24"> Last October, the government passed a controversial press law that imposes high fines on offending journalists.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="25"> Reporters and editors have also been punished under the country's recently amended penal code from 1977.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="26"> Additionally, many journalists tell tales of harassment and even beatings after publishing critical reports on the government.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="27"> Frangaj was arrested after a reporter at his newspaper, KOHA JONE (OUR TIME), wrote that soldiers would be required to leave their weapons in the barracks when off-duty.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="28"> The information was allegedly obtained from a top-secret Ministry of Defense document that a ministry official pilfered and released to the newspaper.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="30"> So far this year, a dozen reports of Albanian journalists being arrested, beaten or harassed have surfaced.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="31"> Six media watchdog organizations -- the International Federation of Newspaper Publishers, the International Federation of Journalists, Reporters sans Frontiers, the Balkan Federation of Journalists, the Committee to Protect Journalists and Article 19 -- have sent protests to Albanian President Sali Berisha against the arrests of Frangaj and his reporter, Martin Leka.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="32"> Frangaj, who was acquitted of the same charge last year after reporting on tank movements near Albania's northern border with Yugoslavia, was found innocent again this time.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="33"> But the court sentenced Leka to 18 months in prison for "collaborating to release state secrets," the harshest punishment against a journalist since communism fell.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="50"> Illyrian Zhupa, editor in chief of the independent opposition paper POPULLI PO (PEOPLE'S YES), was arrested for slander February 9, after the newspaper ran an investigation of a scandal that Zhupa said implicated "several key figures in the government".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="51"> Zhupa, whose trial date has not yet been set, also complains that his offices have been broken into and documents have been stolen.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="56"> ZERI I POPULLIT's second-highest editor, Shyqyri Meka, was fined $1,000 US for publishing an article that was critical of the "upper organs of the state".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="57"> After his colleagues at KOHA JONE were arrested, Gjergj Zefi, deputy editor of the ALEANCA (ALLIANCE), wrote an article the next day protesting the arrests and calling the government a "mafia band".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="61"> After his article was published, Zefi was placed under city arrest for criticizing upper organs of the state.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="62"> He was allowed to travel only from his hometown of Skodra, in northern Albania, to his office in Tirana.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="63"> March 2, just a few days after his colleague Leka was sentenced, Zefi was found lying unconscious in the street in Skodra, after having been clubbed on the head.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="64"> Zefi, who is also vice chair of the Democratic Alliance (a splinter group of the ruling Democratic Party) had written several articles about alleged smuggling of oil by local mafia into the former Yugoslavia in defiance of the UN embargo.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="65"> Zefi also organized a meeting of the Democratic Alliance in January, after which a gunman, firing into the crowd outside the building, killed one party member.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="67"> Zefi had been the editor of the now-defunct LAJMETARI, based in Skodra.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="68"> His predecessor at the paper was clubbed in the same way last year after reporting on the alleged mafia, and has since left the country.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="73"> Last month, while trying to verify the charges against Frangaj and Leka, a journalist who reports for the cable television station WTN was punched in the face at the Tirana Prosecutor's Office.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="74"> In early January, a knife-wielding visitor lunged at Apollo Bace, a journalist for the independent paper DITA INFORMACION (INFORMATION OF THE DAY), when Bace answered his door.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-9240" num="75"> Bace said a cigarette lighter in his pocket saved him from injury.</s>

<s docid="LA051490-0007" num="9"> By JERRY LEVIN, Jerry Levin, a journalist specializing in the Middle East, was CNN's Beirut bureau chief in 1984 where he was kidnaped by Hezbollah.</s>

<s docid="LA051490-0007" num="10"> He escaped on Feb. 14, 1985.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-31130" num="20"> Five journalists faced criminal charges or were under investigation by the prosecutor for all or part of this time; the newspaper's director and editor-in-chief were brought to court and sued by two ministers of the Albanian Government, but they emerged innocent; three of the newspaper's journalists have been prohibited by the state from moving freely among the country's cities, and are categorically prohibited from traveling abroad.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-31130" num="32"> They were charged by the Defense Ministry; immediately after this, the police, the state's other armed wing, arrested the journalists without waiting for warrants.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-31130" num="33"> Last year, it was this very same defense minister who placed criminal charges against our editor-in- chief, Aleksander Frangaj.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-31130" num="34"> He succeeded in unjustly imprisoning him for 35 days, but lost his case in court.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="9"> After a yearlong reign of terror by government-backed death squads that emptied villages of young men and littered Sri Lanka's beaches with corpses, the fishermen of Moratuwa were hardly surprised when they spotted yet another body floating 250 yards offshore recently.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="10"> But this time, it was different.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="11"> When the fishermen got the body to shore, they knew that this was not just another anonymous suspect in the government's brutal counterinsurgency campaign.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="12"> It was Richard De Zoysa, nationally known television newscaster and film actor, who most recently had been writing exposes on the abuses of Sri Lanka's death squads.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="13"> Just that morning, Sri Lankan radio had announced that a group of armed men, some in police uniform, had abducted the 31-year-old journalist from his mother's home in the capital of Colombo the previous day.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="14"> And now, the Indian Ocean fishermen recognized De Zoysa's body, with two bullet wounds in the head, as something that did not fit the pattern of their coastal killing ground.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="28"> Already the De Zoysa murder has had a chilling effect on the media as well.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="29"> At least four journalists have fled the country under death threats, and those who remain say they are consciously avoiding any subject critical of the government.</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="49"> As a journalist, De Zoysa had written Inter Press dispatches highly critical of the death squads, among them an article last August entitled, "Sri Lanka: Nearing a Human Rights Apocalypse".</s>

<s docid="LA032890-0088" num="50"> But he also had worked on documentary films favorable to the government, and friends now say they believe it was De Zoysa's ties to the theater world, as much as his journalistic work, that made him a target for death.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="19"> 18 April: Under the pretense of rounding up draft evaders, at approximately 2:00 pm military personnel and police burst into the editorial offices of the newspaper AZADLYG, detaining 15 (according to other reports 11) journalists, including some beyond draft age -- Ganimat Zakhidov, Khikmat Sabiogla, Rafig Mamedli, Khikmet Zeynalov, Gorkhmat Ibragimov, Kyanan Salimov, and others.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="20"> The detainees were taken to Sabailskiy Military Commissariat and released three hours later.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="21"> 19 April: Police officers detained AZADLYG deputy editor Bakhaddin Gazyyev.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="22"> Relatives and colleagues have not yet been able to learn his whereabouts.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="23"> It is presumed that he has been forced to take up active military service at the front.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="24"> 22 April: Police officers burst into the AZADLYG editorial offices and without presenting any documents took Zokhrab Amirkhanly, head of the newspaper's Humanitarian Section, and correspondent and Information Center staffer Yadigar Mamedli by force to the Sabailskiy Military Commissariat.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="25"> Another group of police stormed into the Musavat Party building and forcibly took eight individuals to the same military commissariat, among them Mekhman Dzhvadogly, head of the party's Information Center, Chingiz Firudinogly, a correspondent for the newspaper YENI MUSAVAT, and Rovshan Aliyev, a correspondent for that paper and for GOLOS UKRAINY.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="26"> Several hours later all the journalists with the exception of Rovshan Aliyev were released.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="27"> It is possible that he is currently in active military service.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="30"> 15 April: Vardges Petrosyan, editor-in-chief of the newspaper YERKIR NAIRI, Armenian Supreme Soviet deputy, writer and chairman of the Armenian Culture Fund, was killed by several shots fired at point-blank range in the driveway outside his home.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="37"> April: Klara Abramiya, the writer of an article in the newspaper SHANS concerning the activities of Georgia's ambassador to Russia, began receiving death threats and demands that she publish a retraction.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="38"> Bondo Kurdadze, the newspaper's editor, came under automatic weapon fire on the way to his home.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="39"> 9 April: The editorial offices of the newspaper SVOBODNAYA GRUZIYA were attacked by unidentified individuals.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="44"> 28 April: Akakiy Mikadze, staff correspondent for the weekly MOSKOVSKIYE NOVOSTI, was attacked during a recess in a Georgian Parliament session.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="45"> The assailants were Georgian Parliament deputies Tengiz Sigua and Tengiz Kitovani, who threatened Mikadze over his "bad articles".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="46"> Tengiz Kitovani struck Mikadze in the temple with his fist.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="48"> April: On the night of 16 April Viktor Rachkov, an employee of the newspaper KARAGANDA and a deputy in the local maslikhat (council), was run over by an automobile in Karaganda.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="49"> He died 18 hours later without regaining consciousness.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="50"> Officially, the automobile accident was listed as an ordinary traffic incident.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="51"> However, it is known that Viktor Rachkov had reported frequent phone threats to his colleagues.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="52"> According to information from a group of Karaganda journalists who conducted their own investigation into Rachkov's death, "not all the injuries on the body of the deceased support the traffic accident story.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="53"> Furthermore, the deceased's clothing showed no sign of a collision with an automobile," assertions which were specifically confirmed by emergency medical personnel.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="75"> April: Andrey Kolobayev, an employee of the Moscow magazine KRIK, was beaten by militia officers while on official business in Syktyvkar (Komi Republic) and detained in a holding cell for five days.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="76"> One possible reason for this was an appearance by Kolobayev on local television in which he levelled criticism at the local administration.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="77"> After intervention by deputies from the Komi parliament and the Komi Republic minister of internal affairs Kolobayev was released.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="82"> 8 April: During a recess in a State Duma session deputy Vladimir Zhirinovskiy attacked Aleksandr Pyatkovskiy, a correspondent for the magazine STOLITSA, who had been sitting next to Zhirinovskiy during a clash with deputies and had recorded Zhirnovskiy's statements on a dictaphone.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="83"> Upon seeing that, Zhirinovskiy began threatening Pyatkovskiy and attempted to twist his arm and take the dictaphone away from him.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="84"> Aleksandr Pyatkovskiy has filed suit in connection with this assault.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="85"> 14 April: Moscow's Presnenskiy Court heard the case of independent journalist Yaroslav Mogutin, who was accused of "malicious hooliganism" under Article 206, Section 2 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="86"> The grounds for the case were an article by Mogutin which appeared in the weekly NOVYY VZGLYAD under the title "Dirty Ends" and which used "obscene expressions".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="87"> Mogutin's attorney, Genrikh Padva, noted that this is the first criminal case against a journalist over the use of obscene language.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="88"> Support for the journalist has been expressed by the International PEN Club and the UNESCO Artists' Federation, as well as by approximately 60 well-known Russian cultural figures.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="90"> 16 April: Besik Urigashvili, an IZVESTIYA correspondent, was assaulted by militia officers on Bolshaya Bronnaya St. at approximately 9:30 pm.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="91"> The officers demanded to see the journalist's documents, and when Urigashvili asked for an explanation as to why they were checking his documents in particular, they hit him with a nightstick, cutting his scalp.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="92"> They made offensive remarks to the journalist, calling him "black".</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="93"> The journalist was taken to the 108th Militia Precinct and was released upon presenting his press identification card.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="114"> April: On the night of 9-10 April an explosion occurred at the editorial offices of MESHCHANSKAYA GAZETA (Simferopol, Republic of Crimea).</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="115"> The blast destroyed windows and doors in the building.</s>

<s docid="FBIS4-68881" num="116"> In the opinion of MESHCHANSKAYA GAZETA's editor this act was directed at the newspaper, which is the most popular in the Crimea and constantly prints articles about corruption in the highest echelons of power.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0027" num="9"> A central suspect in the sensational slaying two years ago of Hector Felix Miranda, a prominent Tijuana journalist widely known as El Gato, or the Cat, was in the custody of Mexican authorities Wednesday after his arrest by Los Angeles authorities this week, officials said.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0027" num="16"> Felix was one of two dozen journalists killed in the six-year term of former Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0027" num="17"> Most of the slayings remain unsolved, according to Mexican journalism groups.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0027" num="18"> Felix, 47, was killed on April 20, 1988, as he drove to work down a rain-slicked street in Tijuana.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0027" num="19"> A vehicle blocked his path, and an assassin pumped two rounds from a 12-gauge shotgun through the driver's window of his car.</s>

<s docid="LA122289-0032" num="48"> Earlier, a Spanish news photographer had been killed at the hotel.</s>

<s docid="LA122289-0032" num="49"> One report in Panama City was that he got caught in a brief cross-fire between two groups of American troops.</s>

<s docid="LA122289-0032" num="50"> But according to another report, he was killed in hostile gunfire.</s>

<s docid="LA122289-0032" num="51"> The Associated Press reported from Panama City that the photographer was in a group of journalists in the hotel parking lot when a U.S. armored personnel carrier approached.</s>

<s docid="LA122289-0032" num="52"> U.S. troops inside the hotel, apparently thinking the approaching carrier belonged to Panamanian forces, yelled at the journalists to get out of the way and opened fire.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="21"> So far, nine employees have been arrested.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="22"> Some of my colleagues were imprisoned for three and sometimes four months and tortured in prison -- even though there was no evidence of guilt on their part.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="23"> We are persecuted because we are against the war and report on the war objectively.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="24"> The Turkish Government and its security forces do not want to let us investigate and work in peace.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="25"> There is no freedom of the press of any kind.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="26"> After the threat, I went from Batman to Diyarbakir.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="27"> Nothing happened there until I was arrested with you.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="42"> [Yildiz] In Izmir I was arrested by the police because of an investigation.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="43"> Some time later, the police broke into my apartment again.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="44"> On 1 May, I was arrested again and spent three months in prison.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="45"> Then I went to Batman.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="46"> On 12 September 1993, around 2230 -- we were sleeping in our office -- a bomb was thrown into our office.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="47"> One minute later the police chief and his deputy were there.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="48"> They lined us up against the wall and asked us why we wanted to blow up our office.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="49"> Then the deputy of the political police beat me, held a gun to my head, and said we should get lost or they would kill us.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="50"> They stole my money (6 million Turkish lira) and the electrical equipment.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="51"> The same night, they took me to the "Antiterrorism" Department of the Political Police.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="52"> They tortured me and my colleague for three days.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="53"> The torture consists of having your arms tied behind your back and being pulled up with a rope or a chain until your arms slide out of their sockets and you faints.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="54"> You are brought back to consciousness with electrical charges to your feet or genitalia.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="55"> All in all, we were in prison for 10 days before we were finally taken to a judge.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="56"> In order to hide the evidence of torture, they washed us and treated us with ointments every day.</s>

<s docid="FBIS3-58280" num="57"> And there were constant threats: "Get out of here, or we will kill you".</s>

