<s docid="FT924-6336" num="12"> A casino on their reservation is making huge profits for the Pequots who are using the money to reclaim land they lost so many years ago.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="20"> Overnight, Foxwoods has become the most profitable casino in the US.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="21"> It is likely to make the tribe a profit this year of around a Dollars 100m.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="22"> Every day, in the nine months since the casino opened, 10,000-12,000 people have poured in.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="24"> Foxwoods is coining money faster than any casino in Las Vegas, even though it is not at all like Vegas.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="40"> There are over 200 tables in play, which exceeds by far any US or European casino.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="44"> It is the casino gambling which is new, made possible by the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, passed by Congress in 1988.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="62"> Not simply because it was the first in the region - there are about 30 casinos on Indian reservations, mostly in the mid-West - but in the Pequots' style of management.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="73"> The original estimate for the first year was high, a 20 per cent 'hold' (money won) on a 'drop' (money gambled) of Dollars 500m.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="74"> Results to date suggest the latter figure was too low.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="75"> The drop is likely to be around Dollars 1bn in the first year.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="76"> If so, the Pequots can look forward to a net profit this year, after running expenses (Dollars 350,000 a day), approaching Dollars 100m.</s>

<s docid="FT924-6336" num="91"> (If Connecticut ever approves slot machines, which the US public finds irresistible, Foxwoods' turnover will double, or even treble).</s>

<s docid="FT941-15351" num="16"> A quirk in the law has allowed Indian tribes to set up casinos on their reservations: at the last count 65 had been established in 17 states.</s>

<s docid="FT941-15351" num="31"> Lotteries apart, gambling's most remarkable advance in geographical terms has been the appearance of large numbers of casinos on the Indian reservations - a phenomenon arising from the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988, which allowed Indians to offer games of chance if the same games were legal elsewhere in the state.</s>

<s docid="FT941-15351" num="32"> Soon after the act took effect, it had unforeseen consequences when the state of Connecticut interpreted it as including games of chance used in charity fund-raising, which embraced just about everything.</s>

<s docid="FT941-15351" num="33"> The state's poverty-stricken Mashantucket Pequot tribe took the law at its word and found financial backing for the construction of the Foxwoods casino on its reservation in Ledyard, south-east Connecticut.</s>

<s docid="FT941-15351" num="35"> Now, gambling in Indian reservation casinos is big business: the value of bets taken at the tables and slot machines shot up from Dollars 5bn to Dollars 15bn in 1992, and continues to grow fast.</s>

<s docid="LA052790-0207" num="42"> The casinos divided the reservation from the moment they started popping up along Route 37 in the mid-1980s, their slot machines and blackjack tables drawing thousands of customers each day from Ottawa and Montreal, both within a two-hour drive.</s>

<s docid="LA052790-0207" num="43"> Although the gambling houses never were approved by any of the tribal councils and were declared illegal by federal and state officials, many residents welcomed the money and jobs they brought.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="15"> But Cuomo declined to send National Guard troops to the reservation, where armed Mohawks have clashed over the operation of half a dozen illegal gambling casinos on tribal land.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="20"> Last week, Indians opposed to gambling set up roadblocks to turn back an estimated 15,000 weekly casino patrons, bringing to a head a dispute that has raged for months on the 28,000-acre reservation.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="21"> The casinos employ more than 600 workers and reap millions of dollars in profits for the casino owners and investors, but anti-gambling factions contend that they encourage drugs and prostitution and corrupt the traditional Mohawk way of life.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="46"> The gaming houses, which are stretched out along a 2 1/2-mile strip on the American side of the reservation, are illegal under federal laws because they do not have the sanction of the state.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="47"> Pro-gambling forces ignore the law, however, contending that the reservation is sovereign Indian territory subject only to tribal law.</s>

<s docid="LA050390-0182" num="48"> FBI agents and New York state police have staged several raids on the casinos, confiscating gaming machines, records and money.</s>

<s docid="FT944-4273" num="33"> Similarly, Ontario - whose social democratic government came to office four years ago promising to maintain a ban on gambling - agreed this week to allow an Indian community north of Toronto to build the province's second casino and is considering bids for casinos in several other cities.</s>

<s docid="LA060390-0083" num="15"> With Norman Tarbell's election, the three-man tribal council ruling the U.S. side of the St. Regis Indian Reservation will unanimously support casinos on Mohawk land.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15188" num="25"> In addition, several dozen Indian bands in both countries are turning to casinos as a sure and recession-proof way of raising money for their communities.</s>

<s docid="FT923-10784" num="8"> Welcome to Foxwoods, a complex in eastern Connecticut which opened its doors in April and packs in more than 20,000 gamblers a day at weekends.</s>

<s docid="FT923-10784" num="25"> But it is pressure from Indian reservations which many industry observers view as the more immediate force for change.</s>

<s docid="FT923-10784" num="27"> The Pequots won their right to operate a casino under a 1988 federal law which permits Indians to engage in any form legal in a particular state.</s>

<s docid="FT923-10784" num="28"> Connecticut's constitution outlaws 'normal' casino operations, but allows charities to hold 'Las Vegas nights' with 'casino-style' gaming.</s>

<s docid="FT923-10784" num="29"> Using the loophole, the Pequots fought a long legal battle against opposition from the likes of Connecticut's Governor Lowell Weicker.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="13"> The New York-based property and gaming mogul has even filed a legal action against the US federal government seeking to block the growth of casinos on Indian land.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="14"> Mr Trump's complaint stems from a 1988 federal law which permitted Indian tribes to engage in any form of gambling which was already legal in a particular state.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="18"> Today, legal gaming operations, from bingo to blackjack, are reckoned to exist on more than half the nation's Indian reservations.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="19"> In the case of more serious 'class three' gaming operations - casino games, slot machines, Jai Alai and horse and dog-racing - 78 agreements have been struck between tribes and officials in 18 states.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="20"> Gaming on Indian land is now a Dollars 6bn-a-year business, according to the National Indian Gaming Association.</s>

<s docid="FT933-15592" num="31"> It argues that the federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is unconstitutional under the 10th Amendment, which reserves for states all the rights which have not been expressly given to the federal government.</s>

<s docid="FT942-12298" num="14"> Indian nations range from the 220,000 Navajo, faced with poverty, ill health and inadequate sanitation, to the 300 Massantucket Pequot, who have grown rich on the profits from their casino, which is not subject to Connecticut's ban on gambling.</s>

<s docid="FT931-2855" num="19"> The sector was also hurt by vague speculation that congress might try to propose a moratorium on Native American gambling compacts with states.</s>

<s docid="FT942-6648" num="59"> In the US, above all, there is an explosion in new forms of gaming, especially towards casino gaming: on Mississippi-style riverboats and on Indian reservations.</s>

<s docid="FT943-6218" num="7"> New England moved a step closer to legalised gambling this week, with the signing by Governor Bruce Sundlun of Rhode Island of a deal to allow the Narragansett Indian tribe to build a Las Vegas-style casino in the state.</s>

<s docid="FT943-6218" num="12"> The Narragansetts will run the casino with Capital Gaming International, and Rhode Island expects to earn about Dollars 53m (Pounds 34.1m) a year from the casino.</s>

<s docid="LA050990-0002" num="12"> The commission will regulate and monitor the multimillion-dollar industry of bingo and other gambling on Indian reservations.</s>

<s docid="LA050990-0002" num="17"> Indian tribes, facing cutbacks in federal money and limited tax bases, have instituted gambling, predominantly bingo, to raise revenues.</s>

<s docid="LA050990-0002" num="18"> About 120 of the 257 recognized tribes in the United States have some form of organized gaming.</s>

<s docid="LA050990-0002" num="21"> The legislation also permits casinos and wagering on horse and dog racing on reservations, but only if a tribe enters into a contract with the state government.</s>

<s docid="FR940921-2-00092" num="13"> The Assistant Secretary_Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, through her delegated authority, has approved the Las Vegas Paiute Tribe and the State of Nevada Gaming Compact, which was executed on June 7, 1994.</s>

<s docid="FR941216-2-00189" num="11"> L. 100-497), the Secretary of the Interior shall publish, in the Federal Register, notice of approved Tribal-State Compacts for the purpose of engaging in Class III (casino) gambling on Indian reservations.</s>

<s docid="FR941216-2-00189" num="12"> The Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, through her delegated authority, has approved the Tribal-State Compact Between the Mohegan Indian Tribe and the State of Connecticut, which was executed on May 17, 1994.</s>

<s docid="FR941216-2-00099" num="10"> The Assistant Secretary_Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, through her delegated authority, has approved the Tribal-State Gaming Compact Between the Narragansett Indian Tribe and the State of Rhode Island, which was executed on May 17, 1994.</s>

<s docid="FR941003-2-00212" num="13"> The Assistant Secretary_Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, through her delegated authority, has approved the Tribal-State Compact between the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and the State of North Carolina, which was executed on August 11, 1994.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="14"> The Sycuan Reservation, one of 18 American Indian reservations in Southern California, operates a gaming center offering high-stakes bingo and poker seven days a week, bringing in more than $20 million in revenues a year.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="15"> Gaming on the country's Indian reservations was a $400-million business last year, Brown said.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="21"> The Sycuan tribe plans to open a $3-million gaming center extension in mid-August.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="22"> The casino will employ more than 800 people, general manager Gerald Winters said, possibly making it the largest employer in East County.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="28"> Although the Sycuan gaming center ran into trouble with law enforcement officials when it offered three bingo games in 1984 that were later ruled illegal, it has been operating without interruption since opening in November 1983.</s>

<s docid="LA061290-0112" num="29"> The Barona Reservation, near Lakeside, and Rincon Reservation, northeast of Escondido, also offered high-stakes bingo and poker in the early 1980s.</s>

