CHRONOLOGICAL	TABLE	825
	Koi	Mission	begun	at	Dummagudera.
	Outbreak	of	war	in	New	Zealand.
	1861	First	Fuh-chow	converts	baptized.
	Lagos	becomes	a	British	possession.
	F.	Gell	Bishop	of	Madras.
	Colonel	E.	Taylor	invites	C.	M.S.	to	the	Derajat.
	First	Tsimshean	baptisms.
	Hooper,	Sharp,	Eowlands,	Wolfe,	A.	E.	Moule,	go	out.
	Indian	Female	Normal	School	and	Instruction	Society	organized,	by
	union	of	two	Associations.
	First	Church	Congress,	at	Cambridge.
	Death	of	John	Thornton,	C.M.S.	Treasurer	;	Hon.	Capt.	F.	Maude
	succeeds	him.
	Second	Memorandum	on	Native	Church	Organization.
	1862	New	C.M.	House	opened,	March	7th.
	Longley	Archbishop	of	Canterbury.
	Metlakahtla	settlement	established.
	Hong	Kong	and	Peking	Missions	begun.
	Appeal	of	Government	officials	for	a	Mission	in	Kashmir.
	Speke	and	Grant	in	Uganda.
	Daily	Prayer-meeting	at	Cambridge	started,	November	24th.
	Punjab	Missionary	Conference,	largely	attended	by	Christian	officers.
	1863	Wade	and	Phair	(now	Archdeacon)	go	out.
	First	Chinese	clergyman	of	Church	of	England	ordained,	Dzaw
	Tsang-lae.
	Remarkable	deliverance	of	Abeokuta	from	Dahomey.
	C.M.S.	Madagascar	Mission	begun.
	1864	C.	C.	Fenn	Secretary	of	C.M.S.
	Arden	and	Warren	go	out.
	Consecration	of	Bishop	Crowther	at	Canterbury	Cathedral,	Juno	29th.
	First	Diocesan	Conference,	held	at	Ely.
	Cyclone	at	Masulipatam.
	T	aip	ing	Rebellion	suppressed	by	Gordon.
	Bonny	Mission	begun.
	First	Telugu	clergy	ordained.
	Mrs.	R.	Clark	opens	dispensary	in	Kashmir.
	First	out-stations	occupied	in	Fuh-kien.
	1864-69	John	Lawrence	Viceroy	of	India.
	1865	Henry	Venn	s	paper	at	Islington	Clerical	Meeting	laments	diminution
	of	missionary	interest.
	Bompas	(afterwards	Bishop)	and	Sell	go	out.
	R.	Machray	Bishop	of	Rupert	s	Land.
	Hau-hau	apostasy	;	murder	of	Volkner.
	G.	E.	Moule	occupies	Hang-chow.
	C.M.S.	Cathedral	College,	Calcutta,	opened.
	Bannu	Mission	begun.
	Dr.	Elmslie	in	Kashmir.
	Livingstone	engages	boys	from	C.M.S.	African	Asylum	at	Nasik.
	R.	Noble	dies	at	Masulipatam	after	24	years	unbroken	service.
	1866	-Bishop	Cotton	drowned.	Milman	Bishop	of	Calcutta.
	Keshub	Chunder	Sen	s	lecture	on	ChrLt,	May	5th.
	Imad-ud-din	baptized,	April	29th.
	Jubilee	of	Sierra	Leone	Mission.
	First	China	Inland	Party	arrive	in	China.
	Third	Memorandum	011	Native	Church	Organization.
	Ridley	(afterwards	Bishop)	and	G.	M.	Gordon	go	out.
	1867	Bishop	Ryan	s	letter	to	Lord	Chichester	starts	movement	against	East
	African	Slave	Trade.
	Ritualistic	controversy	raging;	Convocation	condemns	Ritualists;
	Ritual	Commission	appointed	;	Henry	Venn	a	member.
	First	Lambeth	Pan-Anglican	Conference.


ON	THE	FARM
	Chestnut	Hunting
	It	was	after	four,	one	Friday	when
	We	all	rejoiced	at	school-week	end	,
	And	plans	were	"made	for	Saturday	roves
	Among	the	trees	of	chestnut	groves.
	And	half	that	night	we	thought	of	fun
	That	we	would	have	when	day	begun	;
	So	up	we	got	with	early	sun
	To	get	our	chores	real	quickly	done.
	The	cross-roads	by	the	old	mill-dam
	Was	where	we	formed	our	happy	band
	Of	laughing	girls	and	whistling	boys,
	Who	v[ed	their	chums	in	making	noise.
	Blushing	maids	in	tam-o'-shanters,
	And	teasing	lads	with	roguish	banters
	All	romped	away	one	happy	crew
	To	where	we	knew	the	best	nuts	grew.
	What	luck	to	be	a	boy	or	girl,
	When	leaves	begin	to	brown	and	curl!
	What	joy	it	is	to	feel	the	thrill
	That's	in	the	a^ir	from	hill	to	hill!
	Tramping	over	knolls	and	dales,
	We	saw	a	woods	fenced	in	with	rails;
	And	there	tree	limbs	were	bending	down
	Thick	with	burs	all	big	and	round.
	Then	we	raced	by	rocky	juts,
	Until	we	spied	the	brownish	nuts
	Peeping	down	from	sticky	burs
	Smooth	inside	as	softest	furs.
	Boys	shook	boughs	and	nuts	rained	down
	Rolling	over	frost-bit	ground:
	Those	whose	hands	the	burs	did	bruise
	Upon	them	stamped	with	heavy	shoes.
	Some	stood	on	the	ground	below.
	So	their	clubs	to	better	throw:
	Girls	with	sacks	from	flour	mill
	Picked	enough	each	bag	to	fill.
	When	on	a	fence	we	climbed	to	chat,
	The	top	rail	broke	and	down	we	sat
	On	sticky	burs	all	round	about
	That	made	us	dance	as	well	as	pout.
	104


RESPECTING	THE	WETTINGS	OF	CALVIN.	415
	After	Muret	and	some	others,	there	is	not	one	of	this
	nation	who	has	written	with	more	eloquence	;	there	is	no
	theologian	who	has	written	in	such	a	polished	style.	Wen-
	delin	was	accustomed	to	say	:	Calvin	deserves	to	be	read,
	were	it	only	on	account	of	his	style.
	DANIEL	COLONIUS	OF	LEYDEN,
	In	a	work	on	the	Institutes,	thus	writes	:
	Aureus	hie	liber	est,	hunc	tu,	studiosa	juventus,
	Si	cupis	optatam	studiorum	attingcre	metam,
	Noctes	atque	dies	in	succum	verte	legendo.
	DAVID	CLAUDE.
	Preface	to	Homilies	on	1	Samuel.
	Philippus	Mel.	et	Mart.	Bucer	theologum	eum	vulgo	no-
	minabant	non	injudiciose,	quod	et	ipsum	ipsius	adversarii
	non	ausi	sunt	inficiari.	Quanta	vis	autem	ipsius	in	docendo
	fuerit	adhuc	ii	meminerunt	qui	docentem	audiverunt.	Quan-
	quam	fateor	ipsum	neque	docentem,	neque	scribentem	in
	ornatu	verborum	et	liumana	eloqucntia	eximium,	sed	in
	rerum	et	sententiarum	numero	et	pondere	admirandum
	fuisse.
	Philippus	Mel.	et	Mart.	Bucer	generally	styled	him	a	the
	ologian,	not	without	reason,	a	circumstance	which	even	his
	adversaries	did	not	venture	to	deny.	How	great	was	his
	energy	in	teaching	is	still	remembered	by	those	who	listened
	to	his	instructions.	Though	I	admit	that	neither	as	a	teacher
	nor	an	author	was	he	distinguished	by	ornament	in	language
	and	human	eloquence,	he	is	to	be	admired	for	the	extent
	and	solidity	of	his	arguments	and	opinions.
	GUY	PAT1N.
	1601-1672.
	Calvin,	a	1	age	de	22	ans,	etait	le	plus	savant	homme	d	Eu-
	rope,	et	Monluc,	eveque	de	Valence,	disait	ordinairement	que
	Calvin	avait	etc	le	plus	grand	theologien	du	monde.	En	quoi


Come	to	Western	Australia	55
	Meanwhile,	the	drive,	broad	and	firm	for	motoring,	cycling,
	walking	or	driving,	winds	on	through	the	forest	where	:
	The	gnarled	knotted	trunks	Eucalyptian,
	Seem	carved	like	weird	columns	Egyptian,
	With	curious	device,	quaint	inscription
	And	hieroglyph	strange.
	until	the	1000	acres	are	exhausted	and	a	comfortable	tea	kiosk
	awaits	the	traveller	at	the	exit	gates.
	FEANCES	A.	WELLS.
	PBETH.


CHAPTER	IV
	.
	OTHER	~	AIR	COMPRESSORS
	Art.	26.	Hydraulic	Air	Compressors.	Displacement	Type.
	Compressors	of	this	type	are	of	limited	capacity	and	low
	efficiency,	as	will	be	shown.	They	are	therefore	of	little
	practical	importance.	However,	since	they	are	frequently
	the	subject	of	patents	and	special	forms	are	on	the	market,
	their	limitations	are	here	shown	for	the	benefit	of	those	who
	may	be	interested.
	Omitting	all	reference	to	the	special	mechanisms	by	which
	the	valves	are	operated,	the	scheme	for	such	compressors	is
	to	admit	water	under	pressure	into	a	tank	in	which	air	has
	been	trapped	by	the	valve	mechanisms.	The	entering
	water	brings	the	air	to	a	pressure	equal	to	that	of	the	water;
	after	which	the	air	is	discharged	to	the	receiver,	or	point	of
	use.	When	the	air	is	all	out	the	tank	is	full	of	water,	at
	which	time	the	water	discharge	valves	open,	allowing	the
	water	to	escape	and	free	air	to	enter	the	tank	again,	after
	which	the	operation	is	repeated.	Usually	these	operations
	are	automatic.	The	efficiency	of	such	compression	is	limited
	by	the	following	conditions.
	Let	P	=	pressure	of	water	above	atmosphere,	or	ordinary
	gage	pressure,
	V	=	volume	of	the	tank.
	Then	P	+	p	a	=	absolute	pressure	of	air	when	compressed.
	The	energy	represented	by	one	tank	full	of	water	is	PV	and
	by	one	tank	full	of	free	air	when	compressed	to	P	+	p	a	is
	P	4-	v
	p	a	V	log	e	-	I	-^	=	p	a	V	log,	r.
	Pa
	Therefore	the	limit	of	the	efficiency	is
	_	p	a	V	log	e	r	_	p	a	log	e	r
	PV	P
	41


THE	NEW	GENERATION.	343
	BOOK	vn.
	CHAPTER	I.
	li	was	one	of	those	gorgeous	and	enduring	sunsets	that
	seemed	to	linger	as	if	they	wished	to	celebrate	the	mid-
	period	of	the	year.	Perhaps	the	beautiful	hour	of	impend-
	ing	twilight	never	exorcises	a	more	effective	influence	on
	the	soul	than	when	it	descends	on	the	aspect	of	some
	distant	and	splendid	city.	What	a	contrast	between	the
	serenity	and	repose	of	our	own	bosoms	and	the	fierce
	passions	and	destructive	cares	girt	in	the	walls	of	that
	multitude	whose	domes	and	towers	rise	in	purple	lustre
	against	the	resplendent	horizon	!
	And	yet	the	disturbing	emotions	of	existence	and	the
	bitter	inheritance	of	humanity	should	exercise	but	a	modified
	sway,	and	entail	but	a	light	burden,	within	tho	circle	of
	the	city	into	which	the	next	scene	of	our	history	leads	us.
	For	it	is	the	sacred	city	of	study,	of	learning,	and	of	faith	;
	and	the	declining	beam	is	resting	on	the	dome	of	the
	RadcluTe,	lingering	on	the	towers	of	Christchurch	and
	Magdalen,	sanctifying	^-he	spires	and	pinnacles	of	holy
	St.	Mary's.
	A	young	Oxonian,	who	had	for	some	time	been	watching
	the	city	in	the	sunset,	from	a	rising	ground	in	its	vicinity,
	lost,	as	it	would	seem,	in	meditation,	suddenly	rose,	and
	looking	at	his	watch,	as	if	remindful	of	some	engagement,
	hastened	his	return	at	a	rapid	pace,	lie	reached	the	High
	Street	as	the	Blenheim	light	post	coach	dashed	op	to	the
	Star	Hotel,	with	that	brilliant	precision	which	even	the
	New	Generation	can	remember,	and	yet	which	already	ranks
	among	the	traditions	of	English	manners.	A	peculiar	and
	most	animating	spectacle	used	to	be	the	arrival	of	a	first-
	rate	light	coach	in	a	country	town	!	The	small	machine,


*
	Published	from	Acts	of	Congress,	as	issued	in	the	United	States	Laws:
	Carefully	arranged	by	D.	M.	DEWEY,	Rochester,	N.	Y.
	PRINTED	BY	LEE,	MAXX	&lt;fc	CO.
	STEREOTYPED	BY	J,	W.	BROWX,	ROCHESTER.


THE	MOVEMENT	OF	CONVERSION	73
	Map	oft	fie	Cathofic	Church	of
	UKJ	IDB&S,
	Burma,	Ceylon	&	Malacca.


'	DANGEROUS	DECEITS	'	27
	on	hearing	this	reproach,	all,	as	if	with	one
	common	voice,	cried	out	against	it,	saying,	"	That
	never	had	such	a	thing	been	heard	among	them."
	But	the	people	were	to	be	made	believe	that
	these	wretched	Catholics	were	even	ignorant	of
	the	first	-elements	of	Christianity.'	('	Hist,	of
	Variations,'	English	trans.,	vol.	i.,	pp.	134,	135.
	Dublin,	1845.)
	I	know	not	on	what	Lutheran	authority
	Bossuet	has	made	this	statement.	There	is	no
	mention	of	any	such	clamorous	interruption	in
	the	histories	of	Seckendorf	or	of	Coelestinus.
	And	I	have	failed	to	find	any	notice	of	it	in	the
	*	Historia	Augustanse	Confessionis	'	of	D.	Chy-
	traBUs.	There	is	no	reason,	however,	to	question
	the	fact.
	But	whatever	may	have	been	the	outburst	of
	feeling	at	the	time	that	the	Confession	was	read
	in	the	assembly,	it	concerns	us	more	to	inquire
	how	the	statement	was	dealt	with	in	the	brief
	reply	drawn	up	by	Arnoldus	Wesaliensis	and
	Joannes	Cochlseus	('	primi	nominis	inter	Ponti-
	ficios	tune	temporis	Theologi	')	with	the	view	of
	elucidating	the	true	points	of	the	controversy
	with	the	Protestants.
	This	is	their	answer	:	'	Quod	aiunt,	missas	in
	infinitum	auctas	ex	ea	opinione,	quod	Christus
	sua	passione	satisfecerit	pro	peccato	originis,


iorh,	lanuarg	27%	1855.
	THE	HONORABLE	J.	B.	FLOYD,
	Secretary	of	War.
	SIR,	In	accordance	with	the	permission	kindly	given	me,	as	the	En
	gineer	Officer	in	charge	of	an	important	portion	of	the	Defences	of	New
	York,	to	communicate	my	views	to	you	in	writing,	on	this	most	momen
	tous	theme,	I	submit	to	you	the	following	pages,	trusting	that	its	intrinsic
	interest	and	the	variety	of	topics	I	have	found	it	necessary	to	treat,	will	be
	my	apology	for	the	unexpected	volume	to	which	they	have	swollen.
	I	am,	Sir,	very	respectfully,
	Your	most	obedient,
	J.	G.	BARNARD,
	Major	of	Engineers.


The	Dark	Night	of	the	Soul
	SONGS	OF	THE	SOUL
	Into	the	darkness	of	the	night
	With	heart	ache	kindled	into	love,
	Oh	blessed	chance	!
	I	stole	me	forth	unseen,
	My	house	being	wrapped	in	sleep.
	Into	the	darkness,	and	yet	safe
	By	secret	stair	and	in	disguise,
	Oh	gladsome	hap	!
	In	darkness,	and	in	secret	I	crept	forth,
	My	house	being	wrapt	in	sleep.
	Into	the	happy	night
	In	secret,	seen	of	none,
	Nor	saw	I	ought,
	Without,	or	other	light	or	guide,
	Save	that	which	in	my	heart	did	burn.
	This	fire	it	was	that	guided	me
	More	certainly	than	midday	sun,
	Where	he	did	wait,
	He	that	I	knew	imprinted	on	my	heart,
	In	place,	where	none	appeared.
	Oh	Night,	that	led	me,	guiding	night,
	Oh	Night	far	sweeter	than	the	Dawn	;
	Oh	Night,	that	did	so	then	unite
	The	Loved	with	his	Beloved,
	Transforming	Lover	in	Beloved.
	On	my	blossoming	breast,
	Alone	for	him	entire	was	kept,
	He	fell	asleep,
	Whilst	I	caressed,
	And	fanned	him	with	the	cedar	fan.
	29


-	H8	-
	DINING	ROOM.
	The	decoration	of	the	wainscoting,	previous	to
	Aritoinette's	time,	is	taken	from	the	fruits	and	flowers	native
	to	Trianon.
	The	chased	applique-work	is	a	true	work	Oi	art.	The	stucco
	table	with	a	geographical	chart	was	designed	by	Louis	XVI	for
	the	instruction	of	the	Dauphin.
	The	lintel	is	by	Pater,	master	of	Watteau.	Notice	portraits	01
	Louis	XVI	by	Callet,	and	Marie-Antoinette	by	M"*	Vigee-Lebrun.
	The	two	other	pictures	were	sent	by	Maria-There'sa	to	her
	daughter	Marie-Antoinette	to	recall	the	scenes	of	her	childhood.
	That	near	the	window	represents	the	archduchesses,	her
	sisters,	playing	a	Gluck	opera	at	a	family	performance	at
	Schqenbrunn,	on	the	occasion	of	the	marriage	of	Joseph	II.
	The	other	portrays	Marie-Antoinette	herself	dancing	with	two
	of	her	brothers	at	the	same	marriage	fetes	(1765).
	LITTLE	HALL.
	This	was	the	Queen's	billiard-room.
	Some	line	furniture	is	shown	here.	In	the	centre	is	an	oval
	table	with	four	mahogany	legs,	decorated	with	paintings,
	bronzes	and	medallions	in	biscuit-marble.	There	is	a	chan-
	delier	with	eight	lights	of	the	time	of	Louis	XVI.
	The	jewel-cabinet	of	Marie-Antoinette	is	the	most	sumptuous
	article	made	for	her.	It	is	of	massive	mahogany,	ornamented
	with	cariatides	representing	the	Four	Seasons,	rich	chased
	fittings,	biscuit	medallions,	and	fine	painlings	on	ivory	signed
	byDe	Gault,	1787.
	The	lintel	is	by	Natoire	and	Lepieie.
	LARGE	HALL.
	The	visitor	will	notice	the	wainscoting,	on	which	branches
	of	lily	are	carved,	the	applique-work	representing	stag-horns


THE	DAY	OF	THE	DOG	11
	widow	of	a	son	of	the	decedent,	was	one	of
	the	legatees,	and	she	was	visiting	her	sister-
	in-law,	Mrs.	Robert	Austin,	in	central
	Illinois.	Mr.	Austin	owned	extensive	farm
	ing	interests	near	Dexter,	and	his	hand
	some	home	was	less	than	two	miles	from	the
	heart	of	the	town.	Crosby	anticipated	no
	trouble	in	driving	to	the	house	and	back	in
	time	to	catch	the	afternoon	train	for
	Chicago.	It	was	necessary	for	Mrs.	De-
	lancy	to	sign	certain	papers,	and	he	was
	confident	the	transaction	could	not	occupy
	more	than	half	an	hour's	time.
	At	11	:30	Crosby	stepped	from	the	coach
	to	the	station	platform	in	Dexter,	looked
	inquiringly	about,	and	then	asked	a	per
	spiring	man	with	a	star	on	his	suspender-


OF	JOHN,	SECOND	EARL	OF	BUCKINGHAMSHIRE	237
	a	repeal	of	this	would	succeed,	and	that	the	insisting	upon	it	might
	be	attended	with	unfavourable	consequences.	.	.	.
	We	are	apprehensive	that	even	the	bare	mention	of	an	altera-
	tion	of	the	law	in	favour	of	foreigners	might	now	(when	the	sove-
	reign	of	the	State	is	a	foreigner)	create	a	jealousy	in	the	people	which
	might	tend	to	enforce	rather	than	to	abrogate	it,	and	we	are	the
	more	justifyed	in	this	opinion	as	the	Governor	of	the	Eussia	Com-
	pany	did	declare	on	his	first	attendance	that	the	Court	of	Assistants
	were	sensible	that	the	agitating	this	point	in	negociation,	if	it	could
	not	be	obtained,	might	be	attended	with	great	prejudice	to	the
	trade.
	Upon	the	whole,	my	Lord,	we	beg	leave	to	repeat	our	opinion
	that	all	the	additional	propositions	may	for	the	present	at	least	be
	safely	waived,	provided	the	Court	of	St.	Petersburg	will	renew	and
	ratify	in	its	full	extent	the	Treaty	of	1734,	not	doubting	but	that
	so	long	as	a	good	understanding	shall	subsist	between	the	two
	nations	the	merchants	of	Great	Britain	will	have	as	great	security
	against	grievances	which	they	may	be	apprehensive	of,	and	as	large
	dispensations	upon	those	which	from	the	form	and	constitution
	of	that	Empire	they	may	really	sustain,	as	if	the	remedies	they
	propose	were	actually	stipulated	by	treaty.	.	.	.
	Signed	:
	SANDYS,
	BACON,
	JOHN	YORKE,
	EDMUND	THOMAS,
	ORWELL.
	[By	Ardouin.]
	Lord	Halifax	to	the	Earl	of	Buckinghamshire.
	St.	James's	:	February	25,	1763.
	My	Lord,
	I	have	already	acknowledged	your	Excellency's	dispatch	of	the
	19th	past	by	Mann,	and	am	now	to	acquaint	you	that	the	King
	received	with	particular	pleasure	as	well	the	assurances	contain'd
	in	the	answer,	which	was	given	you	in	writing,	of	her	Imperial
	Majesty's	general	disposition	and	resolutions	to	live	in	the	strictest
	friendship	and	confidence	with	his	Majesty,	as	the	explanation	of
	her	particular	sentiments	upon	the	subject	of	the	communications
	which	you	made	by	the	King's	order,	and	the	material	information


1G2	THE	DESTRUCTION	OF	GOTHAM.
	The	millionaire,	holding	so	tight	on	to	his	one	hundred
	millions	with	his	two	massive	red	hands,	was	about	to
	speak,	to	cry	out,	to	protest.
	But	just	then	the	bent	and	bony	old	farm-hand	reached
	out	a	long,	fleshless	arm,	and	set	something	down	right	in
	the	centre	of	the	table	between	them	right	by	the	side
	of	the	untouched	glass.	Then	he	drew	back	his	shadowy,
	fieshless	arm	and	sat	still.
	He	sat	so	silently	and	intently	still,	looking	straight	at
	that	little	something	which	he	had	set	down	there	so
	silently	and	so	mysteriously	between	them,	that	the	great
	millionaire	became	more	terrified	than	ever	before.
	The	millionaire	tried	to	move	his	hand,	to	lift	it	up
	and	appeal	in	some	way	against	this	all	this.
	It	was	horrible	!	so	horrible	!	so	still	!	so	terrible	all
	this	!
	He	could	not	move	his	hand.	He	tried	to	move	his
	foot.	It	was	as	if	it	weighed	a	thousand	tons.
	He	tried	to	cry	out.	His	lips	refused	to	obey	him.
	It	was	as	if	all	his	heaps	of	gold	weighed	him	down
	and	held	him	still	and	helpless.
	Suddenly	and	yet	slowly	the	long,	fieshless	right	arm
	of	the	bent	and	bony	old	man	reached	out	and	over	the
	table	and	pointed	at	the	little	object	which	had	been	set
	down	between	them.
	The	long,	fleshless	fingers	touched	this.
	The	eyes	of	the	millionaire	fastened	eagerly	upon	it.
	And	then	oh,	horror	!
	It	was	an	hour-glass	!
	An	hour-glass	3	and	the	sands	were	running	fast	and
	few	!
	There	were	but	a	dozen	grains	!	going	!	going	!	going	I


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DIARY	OF	MRS,	SIMCOE
	Mon.	23rd	Very	cold	weather.
	Tues.	24th	Thunder	and	lightning	last	night.	Extreme	hard	frost
	this	morning.
	Thur.	26th	Wright	and	Herring	returned	from	Niagara	in	a	boat.
	Jt	is	found	to	be	practicable	to	walk	and	ride	thither	throughout	the
	winter,	therefore	we	are	not	in	as	isolated	a	situation	as	it	was	expected
	we	should	find	it.	We	received	news	of	Admiral	Gardner's	having	taken
	two	44-gun	ships	off	Sandy	Hook	and	some	privateers	near	Halifax.
	NOTE.	Edward	Wright	emigrated	to	America	before	the	Revo-
	lutionary	War.	On	its	expiration	he	returned	to	the	old	land,	where
	he	remained	for	several	years,	but	in	1792	came	to	Canada	with	the
	Queen's	Rangers.	His	son,
	Edward	Graves	Simcoe	Wright,
	who	in	after	years	kept	the
	Greenland	Fisheries	Tavern,
	north-west	corner	of	Front	and
	John	Streets,	Toronto,	was	the
	first	white	child	born	at	York,
	1794.	Edward	H.	Rodden,	To-
	ronto,	is	a	great-grandson	of
	Edward	Wright	of	the	Rangers.
	Richard	'	Herring,	also	a
	Queen's	Ranger,	was	a	juryman
	in	one	of	the	three	memorable
	trials	that	took	place	in	the
	York	Court	House	in	1818	in	connection	with	the	North-West	Com-
	pany	and	the	dispersion	of	Lord	Selkirk's	Red	River	Settlement.
	Admiral	Alan	Gardner	was	prominent	in	many	naval	exploits
	and	was	created	a	baronet	for	his	services	in	Howe's	victory	in	1794.
	As	first	Baron	Gardner,	he	was	created	a	peer	of	the	United	Kingdom
	in	1806.
	Fri.	27th	The	weather	so	cold	that	some	water	spilt	near	the	stove
	froze	immediately.
	Mon.	30'th	I	walked	to	the	"	Old	French	Fort	"	and	returned	by	the
	Creek.	I	caught	cold.
	E.	G.	S.	WRIGHT.
	ADMIRAL	GARDNER.
	212


Lady	Cecilia	Stephana	Anne
	Daughter	of	the	Earl	Rushbury


1877.]	THE	COUNTY	FRANCHISE.	271
	Hugessen,	the	syllogistic,
	Made	a	speech	quite	Communistic	;
	Like	a	storm	upon	the	ocean
	Raged	the	furious	foaming	Goschen	;
	Northcote,	puzzled	what	to	do,
	Held	the	balance	pretty	true	;
	Hartington,	arrived	from	dinner,
	Made	a	bet	"he'd	name	the	winner."
	Loud	we	cheered	his	bold	decision,
	And	we	took	a	great	division,
	And,	although	we	lost	that	heat,
	Were	not	very	badly	beat.
	"VVe	have	made	a	good	beginning,
	And	we're	sure	to	end	by	winning	;
	For	Lord	Beaconsfield	has	got
	In	his	stalls	a	curious	lot.
	Some,	no	doubt,	are	steeds	of	mark	;
	Some	are	"	screws,"	but	some	are	"	dark."
	Still,	I	know	a	thing	or	two,
	Which	I	prophesy	'11	come	true.
	Mark	my	words,	and	note	the	dodge,
	Dizzy	means	to	win	with	"	Hodge."
	When	all's	ripe,	beyond	a	doubt,
	"	The	Stable	"	mean	to	bring	him	out.
	And	send	him	spinning	o'er	the	course
	Beating	every	other	horse,
	Carrying	the	Tory	"	tin,"
	"Meant"	for	mischief,	backed	to	win.
	Beating	every	Liberal	hobby
	That	e'er	cantered	through	the	Lobby	<
	Backed	by	Northcote,	Hardy,	Hunt,
	Tories	of	the	very	front	;
	Backed	by	Manners,	Beach,	and	Cross,
	Firm	believers	in	the	"	hoss	"	;
	Backed	by	Holker	and	by	Giffard
	(Surely	they	have	never	differed)


DISCURSO
	PRONUNCIADO	POR	EL	DR.	D.	JUAN	FRANCIS-
	CO	PAZOS,	PUBLICISTA,	H.	DIPUTADO	Á
	CONGRESO	POR	LA	PROVÍNCIA	DE	HUAL-
	GAYOC.
	EXMO.	Sr.
	Senor	Ministro	del	Brasil
	Senores:
	LAMADO	á	contribuir	con	mi	modes-
	ta	palabra,	á	conmemorar	el	aniver-
	sario	de	la	proclamación	de	la	Re-
	pvíblica,	en	los	E.	E.	U.	U.	del	Brasil,	sien-
	to	no	poderio	hacer	como	debiera,	para
	comentar	aquel	acontecimiento,	último	y
	perdiirable	triunfo	de	la	Bepública	en
	América.
	Si	alguna	vez	en	el	curso	de	los	siglos,	se
	ha	revelado	perceptiblemente	clara,	la	mar-


iAN	1	7	19691
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PREFACE.	XXXV
	Carrier,	Benjamin	Original	Letters	to	and	from	him.
	From	Cardinal	du	Perron.
	From	Isaac	Casaubon.
	From	Mr.	Trumbal,	Envoy	in	Flanders.
	From	Sir	Thomas	Lake,	Secretary	of	State.
	Dr.	Carrier	to	the	Archbishop	of	Canterbury.
	Chalcedon,	Bishop	of.	.	.	.De	Orig.	Controv.	cum	Regularibus.
	Treatise	in	French	of	his	Jurisdiction.
	Treatise	in	English	of	the	same	Subject.
	Chapter)	English	Arguments	in	defence	of	the	Chapter.
	Chapter	s	Power	asserted.
	Clanricard,	Earl	Letter	to	Sir	John	Winter.
	Clergy,	Secular	Their	Reasons	for	the	Spanish	Match.
	Summarium	Postulationum	contra	Regulares.
	Origo	Desidii	inter	Clerum	et	Jesuitas.
	Supplicatio	ad	Urban.	VIII.	tradita	Panzani.
	Clement	VIII.,	Pope.	.	.	.Original	Briefs	and	Letters.
	Clement	XL,	Pope	Original	Briefs	and	Letters.
	Clifford,	William	Original	Letters	and	Papers.
	Colleton,	John	Original	Letters	and	Papers.
	Cosens,	John,	Bishop	of	Durham.	Original	Papers	of	the	Form	of	Or
	dination.
	Daniel,	Edward	Original	Letters	to	the	Bishop	of	Chalcedon.
	Treatise	of	Controversies,	in	fol.
	David,	Father,	a	Benedictine	Monk.	Reasons	against	Bishops	in	Eng
	land.
	Doway,	College	Diary	of	the	House,	2	vol.	fol.
	Original	Letters	concerning	Jansenism.
	Dunkirk	Foundation	of	the	Benedictine	Nuns.	Diary-
	Foundation	of	the	poor	Clares.	Diary.
	Elizabeth,	Queen	Account	of	an	Insurrection	in	the	North.
	Ellis,	Philip,	Bishop	....	Original	Letters	to	several.
	England	Status	Ecclesire	expulso	Chalced.	Episcopo.
	Divisio	Angl.	in	distr.	per	Chalced.	Episcop.
	Characters	of	eminent	Catholics	in	1635.
	Status	Relig.	Cath.	in	Angl.	anno	1632.
	Dispositiones	pravas	ante	Reformationem.
	Discourse	upon	the	Succession	after	Queen
	Elizabeth.
	Englejield,	Sir	Francis	.	.Original	Letter	to	Dr.	Allen.
	Evans,	Philip	Account	of	his	Death.
	Exemptions	Of	Regulars	in	England	before	the	Reforma^
	tion.


DOROTHY'S	CONTRITION.	193
	stout	wooden	edifice,	with	iron	doors	and	small,
	grated	windows.	After	much	parleying	with	the
	jailer,	she	was	conducted	to	old	Goody's	cell.
	Dorothy	had	claimed	relationship	with	the	prisoner,
	saying	she	had	come	from	a	great	distance	beyond
	Salem	to	bring	her	a	remedy	for	her	disease,	which
	she	was	lying	ill	of	and	near	to	death.
	"	It	is	contrary	to	rules	to	see	the	prisoners	at	this
	hour,"	said	the	keeper,	"	yet	for	thy	long	walk	thou
	deservest	some	reward.	Thou	mayst	talk	to	the
	witch	for	a	few	moments.	But	be	cautious	;	go
	not	nigh	her,	for	she	hath	spells	we	know	not	of.
	If	ye	see	a	spider	or	a	toad	or	rat	in	her	cell,	call
	the	jailer."
	Some	moments	later	the	keeper	opened	the
	heavy	grated	door	and	admitted	Dorothy	into	the
	gloomy	cell.	Coming	so	suddenly	from	the	outside
	glare,	she	blinked	an	instant	in	the	darkness	before
	being	able	to	decipher	objects	before	her.
	Old	Goody	lay	upon	her	back	on	a	pile	of	straw
	in	the	corner	of	the	cell.	She	had	heavy	irons
	upon	her	arms	and	ankles.	The	small	shaft	of	light
	that	came	from	the	narrow	window	in	the	upper
	part	of	the	wall	shone	across	her	withered	features.
	She	looked	indeed	hideous	and	haglike.


48
	DRAINAGE	LAW	OF	TENNESSEE.
	SECTION	20.	Engineer	to	be	employed	62
	Removal	for	cause	(52
	Monthly	estimates	of	work	done	62
	Warrants	how	paid	,	63
	SECTION	21.	Assessments	against	railroads	63
	How	enforced	63
	SECTION	22.	Bridges	63
	SECTION	23.	Rights	of	landowners	assessed	64
	SECTION	24.	Assessments	how	collected	64
	SECTION	25.	Character	of	work	how	determined	64
	SECTION	26.	Sub-districts	may	be	established	64
	SECTION	27.	Drainage	bonds	may	be	issued	65
	Proceeds	of	issue	65
	New	apportionment	and	additional	bonds	may	be	issued	65
	Duties	of	Clerk	and	Trustee	65
	Terms	of	bonds	66
	How	signed	66
	For	what	district	issued	66
	How	payable	66
	Denominations	66
	SECTION	28.	Warrants	may	be	issued	when	66
	SECTION	29.	When	district	is	in	more	than	one	county	67
	Duplicate	reports	of	engineers	67
	Proceedings	67
	Viewers	67
	SECTION	30.	Commissioners	68
	SECTION	31.	Board	of	Directors	68
	Organization	69
	Bond	of	treasurer	69
	SECTION	32.	Drainage	assessment	book	69
	SECTION	33.	Assessments	become	liens	upon	lands	70
	Delinquent	lists	70
	Prima	facie	evidence	70
	Assessment	liens	how	enforced	70
	Sale	of	lands	may	be	ordered	70
	Writ	of	possession	may	be	given	purchaser	71
	Time	and	terms	of	redemption	71
	Attorney's	fees	71
	Decree	of	redemption	may	be	had	71
	Exceptions	71
	SECTION	34.	Distress	warrants	may	be	issued	71
	SECTION	35.	Petitions	may	be	signed	by	attorney	or	agent	of	petitioner.	...	72
	SECTION	36.	Salaries	and	expenses	72
	Compensation	of	trustees	and	clerks	72
	Expenses	of	directors	72
	SECTION	37.	Contractors	to	forfeit	deposits	when	73
	SECTION	38.	Mutual	agreement	districts	may	be	established	73
	SECTION	39.	Preliminary	expenses	how	paid	73
	SECTION	40.	This	act	not	to	apply	to	Reelfoot	Lake	74


THE	DREAM	DOCTOR
	Copyright,	1913,	1914.	by	HARPER	&	BROTHERS
	Printed	in	the	United	States	of	America


THE	DA	VENANTS.	391
	accept	the	act	of	obedience	even	of	some	who	mis
	read	the	word	of	command	?"
	The	next	day	he	left	us	for	London,	and	we	saw
	him	110	more	for	many	months.
	On	the	29th	of	January,	commissioners	of	the
	Parliament	and	of	the	king	met	at	Uxbridge	to	ne
	gotiate	for	peace.	But	they	did	not	get	on	at	alL
	Dr.	Stewart	syllogistically	defended	the	divine	right
	of	Episcopacy,	and	Dr.	Henderson	the	divine	right
	of	the	Presbyterial	government.	My	Lord	Hert
	ford	and	my	Lord	Pembroke	would	have	passed
	this	by,	to	proceed	to	the	particular	points	to	be
	settled	;	but	the	divines	declined	to	be	hurried,	in
	sisting	on	disputing	syllogistically	"	as	became
	scholars."	So,	after	twenty	days,	Dr.	Stewart	and
	Dr.	Henderson,	being	each	confirmed	in	their	con-
	riction	of	his	own	orthodoxy,	the	commissioners
	separated	with	no	further	result.
	One	evening,	indeed,	it	is	said,	the	king	had	con
	sented	to	honourable	terms	;	but	in	the	night	a	let
	ter	came	from	Montrose	announcing	Royalist	victo
	ries,	and	in	the	morning	His	Majesty	retracted	the
	concessions	of	the	evening.
	Meanwhile	the	two	armies	continued	fighting;
	not	in	two	large	bodies,	but	in	scattered	skirmishes,
	sieges,	Surprises,	all	over	the	country,	making	well-
	nigh	every	quiet	home	in	England	a	sharer	in	the
	misery	and	tumult	of	the	war.
	The	moral	difference	between	the	forces	of	the
	Parliament	and	the	king	became,	it	was	said,	more
	obvious.	It	could	scarce	be	otherwise.	War	must
	make	men	firmer	in	virtues	or	more	desperate	in


THE
	DUKE	OF	SACRAMENTO.
	CHARACTERS.
	CHARLES	OPERATOR,	Resident	Director	in	California	of	the
	Ever-Flowing	Golden	Fountain	Quartz	Company.
	AMOS	DITCH,	New	Director,	just	arrived.
	RICHARD	TUNNEL,	~j
	THOMAS	MINER,	(OPERATOR'S	Staff,	sent	out	with	him	by
	JOHN	SHAFT,	[	the	Company	from	London.
	EDWARD	WHEEL,	J
	Major	KILFARDY,	a	General	Quartz	Agent.
	JONES,	SMITH,	and	BROWN,	gentlemen	of	leisure,	friends	of
	Operator	and	his	staff.
	CLARK,	a	particular	friend	of	Tunnel.
	TOBIAS	CONFIDENCE,	an	old	gentleman.
	GEORGE	BREES,	a	friend	of	Confidence.
	Low	and	HIGH,	Grocery	Merchants.
	NED	and	JOE,	two	loafing	boys.
	CONSTABLE.
	JULIA,	wife	of	Confidence,	mistress	of	Tunnel.
	CLARA,	wife	of	Brown.
	OCCUPANT,	POSTMAN,	CONSTABLE.
	Two	MINERS,	friends	to	Brown,
	SERVANTS,


Churchyard	at	St.
	Church,	Hyde	Park
	St.	James'	Church,
	Hyde	Park


Xvi.	CONTENTS.
	CHAPTER	XL
	BAPTISM	—	INFANT	BAPTISM	62
	CHAPTER	XII.
	PRAYER	—	ALMSGIVING	MIRACULOUS	AND	SPIRITUAL	GIFTS	—
	SUPERSTITIOUS	PRACTICES	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	67
	CHAPTER	XIII.
	GOVERNMENT	OF	THE	CHURCH	MAINTENANCE	OF	MINISTERS	—
	CLERGY	AND	LAITY	—	CHURCH	ACTION	AND	DISCIPLINE	—
	PLACES	OF	WORSHIP	.	.	.	.	73
	CHAPTER	XIV.
	HOLY	DAYS	AND	FESTIVALS	—	MARRIAGE	—	ASCETICISM	—	BURIAL	84
	CHAPTER	XV.
	THE	CATACOMBS	.	.	.	.	92
	CHAPTER	XVI.
	SPREAD	OF	THE	GOSPEL	LIFE	OF	THE	EARLY	CHRISTIANS,	ITS
	LIGHTS	AND	SHADOWS	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	97
	CHAPTER	XVII.
	PAGAN	ANIMOSITY	AND	CHRISTIAN	LOYALTY	—	THE	PHILOSO-
	PHERS	ASSAIL	THE	CHURCH	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	106
	CHAPTER	XVIII.
	CHRISTIANS	AND	THE	MILITARY	SERVICE	—	SLAVERY	OATHS	1	10
	APPENDIX.
	THE	TEACHING	OF	THE	TWELVE	APOSTLES	117
	PART	II.—	FROM	A.D.	200,	TO	THE	DEATH	OF
	CONSTANTINE,	A.D.	337.
	CHAPTER	I.
	THE	MARTYRS	OF	AFRICA	—	ALEXANDER	SEVERUS	FAVOURS	THE
	CHRISTIANS	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	•	•	•	127
	CHAPTER	II.
	TERTULLIAN	AND	CLEMENT	OF	ALEXANDRIA	.	.	.	.	I32


110
	TerkkilH,	...	...	...	F.N.	67,68
	Tikasarvasva,	commentary	on	the	Amarakosa	...	31
	Tirayan	...	...	...	F.N.	67,	68
	Tirukkottiyiir	and	Abhimana	Tungan...	...	86
	Tirukkovaliir	...	...	...	...	64
	TiruppGrnagar,	or	Koviladi	...	...	82
	Tirumalisai	Alvar	...	...	...	67
	Tiumalisai	Alvar,	HisNanmugan	Tiruvandadi	quoted
	F.	N.	3;	between	the	earliest	Alvars	and
	Nam	Alvar	...	...	...	78
	Tirumangai	Alvar,	37,	81,	...	...	37
	Tirunaraiyur	...	...	...	...	81
	Tirupati,	Kulasr-khara	going	to,	...	...	25
	Tiruppan	Alvar	...	...	...	8
	Tiruvaymoli,	the	recital	of	the,	in	Srirangam	...	52
	Tiruvaymoli	and	Tiruvasagam,	argument	on	analogy
	between	...	...	...	84
	Tiruvandadi,	the	first	...	...	...	71
	Tiruviruttam	of	Satakopa	...	...	85
	Tolkappiyam	...	...	...	...	70
	Tondainadu	...	...	...	...	65
	Tondaman,	the	Pallava	ruler	...	...	88
	Tondi	of	the	Cheras	...	...	...	73
	Travancore,	ascendancy	of,	not	possible	after	900...	36
	Trikshatrachudamam	...	...	...	33
	Udayanangai	...	...	...	...	42
	Ulahajanda	Perumiil	temple	at	Conjeevaram
	Upanishads,	bases	of	Vaishnavism
	Uraiyiir,	siege	of	...	69
	Vadakalai	Vaishnavas
	Vaikuntham	...	...	...	-	65


EAST	TECHNICAL	HIGH	SCHOOL	39
	the	wearer	and	appropriate	for	the	occasion	upon	which	it	will
	be	worn.	In	this	course	the	girls	build	hats	for	the	practical	use
	of	the	family.	The	work	consists	of	trimming	hats,	making
	foundations,	facings,	flanges,	bindings	and	bows.	The	renovation
	of	old	materials,	used	in	millinery,	is	made	possible	and	trips	are
	taken	to	the	wholesale	and	retail	millinery	houses.
	The	subject	is	most	closely	connected	with	the	courses	in
	dressmaking,	applied	art	and	arithmetic.
	The	trade	side	of	millinery	is	taught	in	the	trade	class	and
	prepares	the	girl	to	meet	trade	demands	in	the	commercial	world
	of	millinery.	In	this	class	the	girls	learn	many	phases	of	the
	business	life;	psychology	of	salesmanship	is	introduced;	methods
	of	forewomen	and	saleswomen	are	taught.
	In	this	class	orders	are	filled	for	patrons	of	the	school.	A
	standard	price	is	made	on	all	parts	of	hats,	and	the	receipts	go
	to	the	worker.	This	policy	stimulates	the	desire	to	do	satis-
	factory	work,	and	thereby	increases	the	number	of	patrons.
	Attention	is	given	to	economy,	simplicity,	suitability,	and
	the	cultivation	of	artistic	taste	in	all	lines	of	work.
	THE	ART	DEPARTMENT
	The	purpose	of	the	structural	approach	to	the	space	arts
	is	three	fold:	(a)	to	acquire	intellectual	development;	(b)
	to	foster	the	power	of	observation	and	appreciation	;	and	(c)
	to	develop	practical	skill	through	adaptation	and	invention.
	APPLIED	ART
	BOYS	AND	GIRLS
	1.	Sources	of	design	motives;	color.
	2.	Organized	motives	into	pattern.
	3.	Construction	and	decoration	of	objects.
	Composition	materials	and	design	motives	are	obtained
	chiefly	from	nature,	though	to	some	extent	geometrical	forms
	and	abstract	shapes	are	used	individually	and	often	in	combi-
	nation.
	Through	the	mediums	of	pencil,	crayon,	charcoal,	and
	water	color,	nature	forms	and	colors	are	carefully	observed,
	studied	and	represented	in	the	direct	sketches	of	branches.


THE	EBB-TIDE	259
	The	next	moment	he	was	plodding	steadily	for-
	ward	on	his	mission.
	Herrick	at	first	followed.	Then	a	noise	in	his
	rear	startled	him,	and	he	turned	about,	to	find
	Davis	already	advanced	as	far	as	the	figure-head.
	He	came,	crouching	and	open-mouthed,	as	the	mes-
	merised	may	follow	the	mesmeriser;	all	human
	considerations,	and	even	the	care	of	his	own	life,
	swallowed	up	in	one	abominable	and	burning
	curiosity.
	"	Halt	!	"	cried	Herrick,	covering	him	with	his
	rifle.	"	Davis,	what	are	you	doing,	man	?	You
	are	not	to	come."
	Davis	instinctively	paused,	and	regarded	him
	with	a	dreadful	vacancy	of	eye.
	"	Put	your	back	to	that	figure-head,	do	you	hear
	me	?	and	stand	fast	!	"	said	Herrick.
	The	captain	fetched	a	breath,	stepped	back
	against	the	figure-head,	and	instantly	redirected
	his	glances	after	Huish.
	There	was	a	hollow	place	of	the	sand	in	that
	part,	and	as	it	were	a	glade	among	the	cocoa-
	palms,	in	which	the	direct	noonday	sun	blazed


CHAP.	Xll]	Various	Machines
	Hence	the	velocity	ratio^
	i6	5
	V	_
	m	ti	n	f	effort
	motion	of	load
	_	_
	Or	in	general	terms,	if	R	=	radius	or	length	of	handle,	T\	=	number
	of	teeth	in	pinion,	T	2	=	number	of	teeth	in	wheel,	r	=	radius	of
	drum,	then	in	one	revolution	of	the	handle	we	have
	Motion	of	effort	=	2?rR	;
	Motion	of	pitch	circle	of	pinion	=	i	revolution	=	Trf	;
	T	1	-ft	T*
	Angular	motion	of	pitch	circle	of	wheel	=	~	=	-	revolution	;
	T
	Motion	of	load	=	~	of	2-n-r.
	Hence
	Velocity	ratio	V	=
	27rR
	T,
	FIG.	126.	Single-purchase	crab.
	which	is	the	product	of	the	velocity	ratios	of	a	wheel	and	axle	of
	the	same	sizes	as	the	handle	and	drum,	and	a	pair	of	spur	wheels	of
	given	numbers	of	teeth.
	Pressure	between	the	Teeth.	Consider	the	crab	with	the
	dimensions	taken	above,	then	neglecting	friction,	in	i	revolution	of
	the	handle	we	have
	Motion	of	effort	=	2ir	x	18	=	36-77	inches,
	Motion	of	pitch	circle	of	pinion	=	i	revolution	=	2o/,


CONTENTS
	CHATTER	PACK
	I.	INTRODUCTION	i
	II.	SOME	RELATIONS	BETWEEN	WATER	AND	LIGHT	8
	III.	THE	DISTRIBUTION	OF	WATER	16
	IV.	EFFECTS	OF	THE	MOVEMENTS	OF	WATER	.	24
	V.	SOLUTION	40
	VI.	MAN'S	SUPPLY	OF	WATER.	THE	INSIDE	OF
	THE	EARTH	46
	VII.	THE	SUCTION-PUMP.	ATMOSPHERIC	PRESSURE	55
	VIII.	ARCHIMEDES'	PRINCIPLE.	WATER-PRESSURE
	AND	WATER-WORKS	63
	DC.	WATER-POWER	AND	STEAM-POWER	...	70
	X.	WATER	AND	AGRICULTURE	79
	XI.	ORIGIN	OF	SOIL	86
	XII.	KINDS	OF	SOIL	94
	XIII.	FERTILITY	AND	SOIL	LIFE:	BACTERIA	.	.	101
	XIV.	MECHANICAL	WORK:	SIMPLE	MACHINES	.	.	109
	XV.	WORK	AND	ENERGY:	GRAVITATION	.	.	.	117
	XVI.	INTRODUCTORY	AS	TO	HEAT:	DISCOVERY	OF
	FIRE	123
	XVII.	MEASUREMENTS	OF	HEAT	128
	XVIII.	HEAT	AND	COLD	135
	v


TWO	KINDS	OF	EDUCATION	FOR	ENGINEERS	55
	sight	an	equally	true	and	accurate	forward	course
	can	be	run.	Nearly	all	engineering	knowledge,
	outside	the	pure	mathematics,	is	of	this	experimental
	or	empirical	character,	and	we	generally	know	who
	made	the	experiments,	how	accordant	his	results
	were,	and	what	weight	can	be	given	to	his	conclusions.
	When	we	can	find	in	our	engineering	literature	no
	sufficiently	accurate	data,	or	none	exactly	covering
	the	case	in	hand,	we	must	set	to	work	to	make	a	set
	of	experiments	which	will	cover	the	given	conditions,
	in	order	to	obtain	numerical	factors,	or	possibly
	new	laws,	which	will	serve	to	make	our	calculations
	prove	true	in	the	completed	structure	or	scheme.
	The	ability	to	plan	and	carry	out	such	crucial	tests
	and	experiments	is	one	of	the	most	important	objects
	of	an	engineering	college	training,	and	we	give	our
	students	a	large	amount	of	such	laboratory	practice.
	In	all	such	work	it	is	the	absolute	truth	we	are
	seeking,	and	hence	any	guessing	at	data	or	falsi-
	fying	of	records	or	"	doctoring	"	of	the	computations
	is	of	the	nature	of	a	professional	crime.	Any	copy-
	ing	of	records	from	other	observers,	when	students
	are	supposed	to	make	their	own	observations,	is
	both	a	fraud	upon	themselves	as	well	as	upon	their
	instructor,	and	indicates	a	disposition	of	mind
	which	has	nothing	in	common	with	that	of	the
	engineer,	who	is	always	and	everywhere	a	truth-
	seeker	and	truth-tester.	The	sooner	such	a	person
	leaves	the	college	of	engineering,	the	better	for	him
	and	for	the	engineering	profession.	The	mistakes


AGRICULTURE.	323
	century,	though,	for	four	hundred	years	previously,
	they	had	cultivated	it	as	an	ornamental	shrub	in	their
	gardens.	Even	at	the	present	day,	China	imports	the
	wool	of	this	plant	for	manufacture.
	Cotton	was	grown,	to	a	small	extent,	in	the	United
	States,	nearly	two	hundred	years	ago	;.	but	it	was	not
	extensively	introduced	till	many	years	after.	In	1786,
	Mr.	Madison,	writing	to	a	friend,	says,	"	there	is	no
	reason	to	doubt	that	the	United	States	will	one	day
	become	a	great	cotton	producing	country."
	In	1792,	the	whole	crop	of	the	country	was	only
	138,328	Ibs.	;	in	1795,	it	was	6,276,300	Ibs.	;	and	in
	1842,	it	was	783,221,800	Ibs.
	The	annual	average	cotton	crop	of	the	United
	States,	is	about	500	millions	of	pounds,	of	which,	about
	400	millions	is	exported	as	follows	:
	Ibs.
	To	Great	Britain	and	Ireland,	284,500,000
	France,	85,000.000
	Hanse	Towns,	4,000,000
	Trieste,	&c.,	1,660,000
	Netherlands,	3,920,000
	Other	ports,	20,500,000
	Imports.	Ibs.
	Great	Britain,	290,000,090
	France,	80,000,000
	Hanse	Towns,	6,000,000
	Trieste,	25,000,000
	Netherlands,	10,500,000
	Brazil,	the	East	Indies,	Egypt,	&c.,	are,	after	the
	United	States,	the	countries	that	furnish	the	largest
	supplies	of	cotton.	Of	288,000,000	Ibs.	imported	into
	Great	Britain	in	1831,	219,330,000	were	from	the


SERVICE	AND	FREEDOM	141
	freedom.	A	good	man	feels	untrammelled	free
	as	the	air	;	whereas	a	man	of	his	passions	feels
	cramped	and	cabined	and	enchained.	There	is	a
	glamour	about	the	lines	:
	I	am	the	Captain	of	my	Fate
	I	am	the	Master	of	my	Soul.
	The	only	way	to	put	any	reality	into	them	is	to	be
	sharing	in	the	life	of	God	s	Spirit.
	Wherefore	pray	to	the	Giver	of	good	gifts,	Who
	will	not	deny	that	best	gift	to	them	that	ask	it.


x	ii	CONTENTS
	PAGE
	The	Idea	of	Reconciliation	or	Atonement	.	.	.	.129
	The	Effects	of	Adam's	Fall	in	Jewish	Theology	.	.	.136
	St.	Paul's	Conception	of	Sin	and	of	the	Fall	.	.	.	•	143
	History	of	the	Interpretation	of	the	Pauline	doctrine	of
	SlKUlOOO-lS	*47
	The	Doctrine	of	Mystical	Union	with	Christ	.	.	.162
	The	Inward	Conflict	*	8	4
	St.	Paul's	View	of	the	Law	187
	The	Person	and	Work	of	the	Holy	Spirit	.	.	.	.199
	The	Renovation	of	Nature	210
	The	Privileges	of	Israel	232
	The	Punctuation	of	Rom.	ix.	5	233
	The	Divine	Election	248
	The	Divine	Sovereignty	in	the	Old	Testament	.	.	.257
	The	Power	and	Rights	of	God	as	Creator	....	266
	The	Relation	of	St.	Paul's	Argument	in	chap,	ix	to	the	Book
	of	Wisdom	267
	A	History	of	the	Interpretation	of	Rom.	ix.	6-29	.	.	.	269
	The	Argument	of	ix.	30-x.	21	:	Human	Responsibility	.	3°°
	St.	Paul's	Use	of	the	Old	Testament	3°	2
	The	Doctrine	of	the	Remnant	316
	The	Merits	of	the	Fathers	33°
	The	Argument	of	Romans	ix-xi	34	l
	St.	Paul's	Philosophy	of	History	342
	The	Salvation	of	the	Individual	:	Free-Will	and	Predesti-
	nation	347
	Spiritual	Gifts	35	8
	The	Church	and	the	Civil	Power	3^9
	The	History	of	the	word	aya-nrj	374
	The	Christian	Teaching	on	Love	37^
	The	early	Christian	belief	in	the	nearness	of	the	napovaia	.	379
	The	relation	of	Chapters	xii-xiv	to	the	Gospels	.	.	.	3	Sl
	What	sect	or	party	is	referred	to	in	Rom.	xiv	?	.	.	399
	Aquila	and	Priscilla	4	l8
	INDEX	:
	I	Subjects	437
	II	Latin	Words	.	443
	III	Greek	Words	443


LIST	OF	PLATES
	THE	FIRST	VOLUME.
	TARSUS	.....	.......	VIGNETTE
	MAP	OF	THE	COUNTRIES	ADJACENT	TO	THE	MEDITERRANEAN	.	.	Tofacepaye	1
	TARSUS,	WITH	MOUNT	TAURUS	52
	FALLS	OF	THE	CYDNUS,	NEAR	TARSUS	53
	MAP	OF	JERUSALEM	80
	MAP	OF	PALESTINE,	ACCORDING	TO	THE	ANCIENT	ITINERARIES	...	92
	VALLEY	OF	NABLOUS	93
	DAMASCUS	.	94,
	JERUSALEM	112
	ANTIOCH	132
	PLAN	OF	ANCIENT	ANTIOCH	134,
	MOUNT	CASIUS	150
	LARNECA	(CYPRUS)	151
	MAP	OF	CYPRUS	153
	MAP	OF	THE	HARBOUR	OF	FAMAGOUSTA,	WITH	THE	RUINS	OF	SALAMIS	.	169
	MAP	OF	OLD	AND	NEW	PAPHOS,	WITH	THE	ADJACENT	COAST	.	.	.169
	ANTIOCH	OF	PISDDIA	182
	KONIEH	(ICONIUM)	195
	MAP	OF	THE	SECOND	JOURNEY	253
	MAP	OF	N.	OF	AEGEAN	299
	ARCHES	IN	ALEXANDRIA	TROAS	301
	PHILIPPI	310
	ATHENS	.	371
	PIRJEUS	374
	PLAN	OF	ATHENS	378
	ISTHMUS	OF	CORINTH	441
	CORINTH	442
	VIEW	NEAR	EPHESUS	.	454


ADDENDA.
	SINCE	iliis	second	and	enlarged	edition	went	to	Press,	some
	facts	and	information	have	been	met	with	by	me,	and	I	give
	them	here.
	DISSOLVED	PERUVIAN	GUANO,
	This	is	a	manure	highly	spoken	of	in	England,	and	for	which
	Messrs.	Ede	and	Hobson	are	the	Agents	in	Calcutta.	It
	appears	to	be	a	highly	concentrated	article,	and	it	may	be	that
	it	will	prove	very	beneficial	to	'the	Tea-plant.	It	should	cer-
	rgafsn+t.Yt'	>
	tainly	be	/tried'	by	planters;	I	am	trying	it	myself,	but	regret
	that	as	I	have	only	just	applied	it	I	cannot	speak	as	to	the
	results.
	The	following	is	the	description	given	by	the	manufacturers	:
	DISSOLVED	PERUVIAN	GUANO,
	PBEPARED	BY	OHLENDOEFF	&	Co.,
	LONDON,	ANTWEKP,	HAMBUBG,	AND	EMMERICH-ON-RHINB,
	GUARANTEED
	TO	CONTAIN	:
	Nitrogen	equal	to	10	per	cent,	of	non-volatile	ammonia,
	20	per	cent,	of	soluble	)
	,	,	,	>	Guano	Phosphate.
	4	per	cent,	of	insoluble	J
	Our	Dissolved/Peruvian	Guano	has,	since	we	first^iutroduced
	it	ten	years/ago,	met	with	such	unqualified	success^	on	the
	ConfeinenJ,	and	more	specially	in	Germany,	that	we	are
	/^itfaced	to	come	forward	with	it	before	the	British	public,	and


OF	SUPERSTITION	68
	was	gravely	said	by	some	of	the	prelates	in	the	Council
	of	Trent,	where	the	doctrine	of	the	schoolmen	bare
	great	sway,	that	the	schoolmen	were	like	astronomers,
	ivhich	did	feign	eccentrics	and	epicycles,	and	such	engines
	5	of	orbs	to	save	the	phenomena,	though	they	knew	there	were
	no	such	things;	and,	in	like	manner,	that	the	school
	men	had	framed	a	number	of	subtile	and	intricate
	axioms	and	theorems,	to	save	the	practice	of	the
	Church.	The	causes	of	superstition	are	:	pleasing	and
	10	sensual	rites	and	ceremonies	;	excess	of	outward	and
	Pharisaical	holiness	;	overgreat	reverence	of	traditions,
	which	cannot	but	load	the	Church	;	the	stratagems
	of	prelates	for	their	own	ambition	and	lucre	;	the
	favouring	too	much	of	good	intentions,	which	openeth
	15	the	gate	to	conceits	and	novelties	;	the	taking	an	aim
	at	divine	matters	by	human,	which	cannot	but	breed
	mixture	of	imaginations	;	and,	lastly,	barbarous	times,
	especially	joined	with	calamities	and	disasters.	Super
	stition,	without	a	veil,	is	a	deformed	thing	;	for	as	it
	20	addeth	deformity	to	an	ape	to	be	so	like	a	man,	so	the
	similitude	of	superstition	to	religion	makes	it	the	more
	deformed	:	and	as	wholesome	meat	corrupteth	to	little
	worms,	so	good	forms	and	orders	corrupt	into	a
	number	of	petty	observances.	There	is	a	superstition
	25	in	avoiding	superstition,	when	men	think	to	do	best
	if	they	go	furthest	from	the	superstition	formerly
	received	;	therefore	care	would	be	had	that	(as	it
	fareth	in	ill	purgings)	the	good	be	not	taken	away
	with	the	bad,	which	commonly	is	done	when	the
	30	people	is	the	reformer.
	XVIII
	OF	TRAVEL
	TKAVKL,	in	the	younger	sort,	is	a	part	of	education	;
	in	the	elder,	a	part	of	experience.	He	that	travelleth
	into	a	country	before	he	hath	some	entrance	into	the


Las	láminas	deberán	colo-
	carse	al	fin	de	la	obra.


In	a	Limousine
	Bradshaw	arose	and	caught	him	up	rather	sharply:
	"Is	what?"
	Then	he	walked	to	the	window,	his	hands	behind	him.
	"I	imagine	that,	after	all,	she	is	a	good	deal	like
	other	women.	No	doubt	she	has	her	own	ideas	of
	honesty."
	He	thought	of	the	Woman	in	the	house.
	"If	we	knew	more	about	her	we	could,	perhaps,	judge
	her	better."
	141


BY	THE	SAME	AUTHOE.
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DIVISION	OF	THK	\VKST	IN	THE	ORDINANCE	OF
	APRIL	23,	1784.


APPENDIX
	Rebipelagar	or	Neutral	Red	Bile	Salt	Agar:
	Agar	20	grams
	Peptone	20	grams
	Bile	salt	commercial	5	grams
	Water	1CGO	c.cms.
	Heat	the	ingredients	in	a	double	pan	or	autoclave	until
	completely	dissolved;	titrate	with	alkali	and	adjust	the	reac-
	tion	to	+1.0	per	cent	to	phenol	phthalein.	Cool	to	45	C.,
	coagulate	with	egg	albumen	(5	grams	dissolved	in	water),
	heat	to	boiling,	adjust	the	weight	and	filter.	Tube	in	con-
	venient	quantities,	after	adding	5	grams	of	lactose	and	5	c.cms.
	of	a	1.0	per	cent	solution	of	neutral	red.
	Aesculin	Bile	Salt.	(Harrison	and	Vanderleck,	Trans.
	Roy.	Soc.	of	Canada,	1909,	Sec.	IV,	147.)
	Dissolve	in	water	1.0	per	cent	of	Witte's	peptone,	0.25	per
	cent	of	bile	salt,	and	1.5	to	2.0	per	cent	of	agar.	Neutralise
	with	alkali,	coagulate	with	egg	albumen	and	filter.	Add	0.2
	per	cent	of	citrate	of	iron	and	0.1	per	cent	of	sesculin.	This
	amount	of	citrate	of	iron	should	give	a	final	acidity	of	+0.7	per
	cent	and	produces	a	slight	fluorescence	in	the	medium.
	Toissons's	Solution:
	Methyl	violet	.	025	gram
	Sodium	chloride	1.0	gram
	Sodium	sulphate	8.0	grams
	Glycerine	30	c.cms.
	Distilled	water	160	c.cms.
	The	solution	should	be	freshly	filtered.
	207


CONTENTS	OF	VOLUME	II
	EXTRACTS	FROM	DIARY	(continued	from	Volume	1)	.	.	11
	Two	MEN'S	OUTFIT	FOR	THREE	MONTHS'	SHOOT	IN	AFRICA,
	AND	NOTES	.......	351
	ACCOUNTS	AND	GAME	REGULATIONS	....	358
	APPENDIX	A	-	Notes	on	Industries	....	367
	Grain	Elevator
	Cloisonne	Manufacturing
	Battek	Work
	Rug	Making
	Marble	Carving	and	Inlaying
	Rubber	Planting
	APPENDIX	B	-	The	Baruboedoer,	written	by	Gilbert	Little
	Stark	.	.	.	.	.	.	.380
	APPENDIX	C	-	Letter	to	W.	Cameron	Forbes	.	.	.391
	APPENDIX	D	-	Letter	from	W.	Cameron	Forbes	.	.	394
	BIBLIOGRAPHY	.......	407
	INDEX	.	.	415


INTRODUCTION
	THE	following	treatise	is	published	with	the	hope	that	it
	will	afford	profitable	reading	to	young	and	old,	and	in	view
	of	the	fact	that	there	is	no	treatise	in	English	on	the	subject
	worthy	of	the	name.	The	clergy	and	the	laity	will	find	in	it
	information	not	found	outside	of	large	theological	works.
	I	have	consulted	the	most	eminent	and	orthodox	of	ancient
	and	modern	theologians,	and	I	have	tried	to	follow	their
	teachings	and	their	spirit.
	I	have	read	the	most	approved	and	the	most	conservative
	of	medical	works	treating	directly	or	indirectly	with	the	subject
	in	hand,	and	I	give	the	decisions	which	appear	to	me	to	be	in
	consonance	with	the	spirit	of	Catholic	theology.
	The	doctrine	given	in	this	treatise	and	the	opinions	expressed
	herein	I	have	taken	from	standard	Catholic	theological	works.
	I	have,	at	times,	used	the	very	phraseology	of	the	great	masters
	of	the	sacred	science	of	theology;	and	I	shall	here	merely
	express	the	hope	that	I	have	not	misinterpreted	their	meaning,
	nor	weakened	their	arguments,	nor	diminished	in	any	way
	the	lucid	manner	in	which	they	treat	the	subject.
	I	have	done	my	best	to	catch	the	spirit	of	the	Church,	and
	thus	avoid	using	language	calculated	to	offend	pious	ears.	I
	have	ever	kept	before	my	mind	the	words	attributed	to	St.
	Augustine,	and	well	worthy	of	that	extraordinary	genius,	viz.,
	"	In	these	things	that	are	necessary,	let	there	be	unity;	in	doubt,
	iii


4	WIKELESS	TELEGRAPHY
	on	the	amber,	an	equal	negative	charge	is	produced	at
	the	same	time	on	the	silk,	and	vice	versa	when	sealing-
	wax	is	rubbed	with	fur.
	10.	From	these	and	other	similar	experiments	the
	following	laws	may	be	deduced	:
	(1)	That	when	either	a	positive	or	a	negative	charge	is
	produced,	an	equal	and	opposite	charge	is	also	produced.
	(2)	That	like	charges	repel	one	another,	and	unlike
	charges	attract	one	another.
	(3)	That	when	an	electrified	body	touches	an	unelectrified
	body,	the	latter	becomes	charged	to	the	same	"	polarity	"
	as	the	former.
	(4)	That	when	an	electrified	body	touches	an	oppositely
	electrified	body,	if	the	two	charges	are	equal	their	electri-
	fication	is	destroyed,	and	they	are	then	said	to	be	discharged	;
	but	if	the	charge	on	one	body	is	greater	than	that	on	the
	other,	their	electrification	is	only	partially	destroyed,	and
	both	bodies	become	charged	to	the	same	polarity	as	that
	of	the	greater	charge.
	CONDUCTORS	AND	INSULATORS
	11.	The	bodies	which	we	have	been	electrifying	do
	not	conduct	electricity,	but	they	resist	or	oppose	the
	passage	of	electricity	through	them,	and	it	is	for	this
	reason	that	the	charge	produced	on	them	rests	on	their
	surface.
	12.	When	a	charge	of	electricity	is	applied	to	a	metal,
	the	electricity	immediately	flows	through	it,	and	for	this
	reason	metals	are	called	conductors	of	electricity.
	13.	All	metals	are	conductors	;	those	most	commonly
	used	in	electrical	apparatus	for	this	purpose	being
	copper,	brass,	aluminium,	iron,	etc.	To	a	much	lesser


48	THE	NORTH	AMERICAN	REVIEW
	than	to	see	just	the	heart	itself	just	the	Cathedral.	It	is	neces
	sary	to	see	something	of	its	surroundings,	sense	something	of	the
	spirit	which	long	ago	created	it.
	Probably,	you	who	motored,	did	have	the	indescribably	good
	luncheon	at	the	marvelous	little	cafe,	where	such	touches	were
	given	the	spinach	as	took	it	out	of	the	realm	of	the	mundane	and
	where	omelettes	were	things	to	dream	on!	For	us	who	came	by
	train,	the	time-table	prevented	any	sudden	telescoping	rearrange
	ment	of	plans	in	order	to	include	another	sight	or	two	on	the	way
	home.	We	were	free	until	five	o'clock	to	explore	such	treasures
	as	the	Fifteenth	Century	Maison	du	Saumon,	and	that	gem	of
	mediaeval	carpentry,	the	outside	stair	built	for	la	Heine	Berthe,
	with	still	an	unhurried	last	hour	for	the	Cathedral,	when	every
	line	of	our	earlier	impression	was	etched	deeper	and	made	per
	manent.
	One	day	in	February,	I	was	walking	briskly	up	and	down	the
	platform	of	the	little	station	at	Psestum,	revelling	in	that	wonder
	ful	setting,	the	blue	of	the	Mediterranean,	and	the	encircling
	mountains,	waiting	for	the	only	train	back	to	Naples,	when	a	man
	an	Englishman	started	a	conversation.	It	was	plain	he
	wanted	to	talk,	wanted	someone	to	whom	he	could	pour	out	his
	feelings.	He	fell	into	step	with	me	and	began:	"I'm	jumpy,"	he
	said,	"jumpy.	I	didn't	want	to	come	to	Psestum	today,	but	I	had
	to	get	away	from	my	hotel.	I	was	staying	at	S	in	a	delight
	fully	quiet	place.	Yesterday	the	Berengaria,	or	some	such,
	docked	for	a	few	days	in	Naples,	with	a	lot	of	rich	Americans	on
	board	for	a	cruise;	sixty	of	them	with	forty	guides	invaded	my
	hotel.	The	guides	made	so	much	confusion,	trying	to	prove	how
	necessary	they	were,	examining	the	rooms,	the	food,	putting	their
	charges	to	bed	and	getting	them	up,	that	I	fled	any	place	to	get
	away."	I	sympathized	with	the	poor	man,	well	knowing	the
	propensities	of	my	countrymen	when	they	come	in	swarms	!
	No,	there's	no	doubt	that	as	a	nation	we	don't	know	how	to
	travel.	We	know	how	to	get	the	things	that	money	will	buy
	(as	a	rule)	,	but	beyond	that	we	do	not	go.	There	is	little	compre
	hension	of	travelling	as	a	fine	art	of	seeking	effects	of	contrast	as
	you	would	in	any	good	picture,	or,	to	use	the	language	of	the
	cookbook,	of	seeking	a	balanced	ration.	The	great	majority	of


POETRY	191
	to	yield	a	description	of	poetry	that	is	peculiar	to	it,
	and	not	one	that	will	as	readily	apply	to	a	myriad	of
	other	things.	And,	thirdly,	it	would	have	to	include
	a	clear	recognition	of	all	the	elements	to	which	poetry
	has	fallen	heir	in	its	actual	and	varied	historical
	development.	To	present	this	formula	in	the	full
	quantity	of	its	fruit,	is	not	possible,	of	course,	in	a
	brief	chapter;	but,	within	this	limitation,	I	stand
	ready	to	assume	the	full	responsibility	of	the	formula
	as	thus	outlined.
	We	are	constantly	informed	that	poetry	differs
	from	science	in	the	fact	that	the	former	is	more	con
	crete	and	the	latter	more	abstract.	This	view,	re
	iterated	to	satiety,	is	reflected	in	the	following	formula	:
	"Poetry	is	the	concrete	and	artistic	expression	of	the
	human	mind	in	emotional	and	rhythmical	language."
	Which	of	these	elements	are	we	supposed	to	consider
	concrete,	"the	mind"	or	"the	verbal	expression?"
	Language,	of	course,	may	be	abstract	or	concrete;
	but	the	formula,	as	well	as	the	usual	statement	of
	the	fact,	more	explicitly	denotes	the	other	alternative;
	and	the	adoption	of	this	alternative,	among	other
	ideas,	is	forced	upon	theorists	because	they	conceive
	of	words	as	symbolic,	and	because	they	assume	words,
	meanings,	and	things	to	be	wholly	unrelated	and
	disparate.	Hence	my	difficulty:	What	are	we	to
	understand	by	the	assertion	that	mind,	meaning,	or
	truth	(the	terms	commonly	employed)	are	more	con
	crete	in	poetry	than	in	science?	In	the	first	place,
	neither	I,	nor	any	one	else,	can	be	at	all	convinced
	as	to	the	precise	import	we	are	to	attach	to	such
	terms	as	mind,	meaning,	or	truth;	and,	when	I	accept


Supplemental	relation	of	John	i	iv.	221
	iii.	2.	We	may	conclude	then	that	our	Lord	had	never
	been	in	Galilee,	since	the	time	of	the	attendance	of	the
	Galilseans	at	that	feast,	and	the	time	of	the	perform
	ance	of	those	miracles,	which	they	had	seen,	and	still
	remembered	to	have	seen	performed	at	that	feast,	until
	now	;	when	he	came	among	them	directly	from	Sa
	maria.	It	follows,	therefore,	that	he	came	among	them
	in	the	interval	between	that	feast	and	the	next	;	that
	is,	between	the	Passover	and	the	Pentecost	both	in	this
	year	;	and	not	between	the	Passover,	and	any	other
	feast	later	than	Pentecost.
	For	if	the	favourable	reception,	now	given	to	Jesus
	by	the	people	of	Galilee,	was	solely	on	the	strength	of
	the	miracles	which	they	knew	and	remembered	him	to
	have	performed,	when	they	and	he	met	in	conjunction
	at	the	Passover	;	the	inference	appears	to	me	irresist
	ible,	that	he	and	the	people	of	Galilee	had	never	met
	again,	or	at	least	never	met	any	where,	either	in	Jeru
	salem	or	out	of	it,	when	miracles	had	been	performed,
	or	by	the	people	of	Galilee	in	particular	had	been	seen
	to	be	performed	;	from	that	time	to	this.	This	was
	both	possible	and	probable,	if	our	Lord	had	performed
	miracles	before	the	eyes	of	the	Galilaeans	at	one	feast,
	and	come	among	them	in	person	before	the	next,	and
	spent	the	intermediate	time	apart	from	Galilee,	where
	he	performed	either	no	miracles,	or	none	which	were
	known	to	or	observed	by	them.	But	it	is	not	so	on	any
	other	supposition	;	either	that	Jesus	and	the	people	of
	Galilee	had	met	again	in	Jerusalem	at	other	feasts,
	since	the	Passover,	and	yet	that	no	miracles,	which
	might	be	known	and	remembered	as	well	as	those	at
	the	Passover,	were	then	performed	;	or	that	though
	other	feasts	had	since	transpired,	Jesus	and	the	people
	of	Galilee	had	never	met	at	Jerusalem	except	at	the	feast
	of	the	Passover	before	them	all.	Each	of	these	hypo-


THE	DEVOTIONAL	LITERATURE
	103
	Semites	have	developed	epic	poetry.	While	there	is	no
	drama	in	the	strict	sense	of	the	word	in	the	Old	Testament,
	the	dramatic	element	is	not	altogether	absent.	The	Book	of
	Psalms,	for	example,	offers	many	specimens	of	dramatic	ar-
	rangement,	as	does	also	the	Prophetic	literature.	In	structure
	the	Book	of	Job	is	of	the	nature	of	a	drama,	and	may	be
	termed	a	dramatic	poem;	the	Song	of	Songs	also	is	inter-
	preted	by	many	as	a	dramatic	poem.	The	Hebrew	poets	seem
	to	have	been	content	with	cultivating	lyric	poetry	in	all	its
	varieties.	In	lyric	poetry	proper	the	poet	gives	expression	to
	his	emotions	and	subjective	experiences,	or	reproduces	in
	words	the	impressions	which	nature	and	history	have	made
	upon	him.	By	the	side	of	this	lyric	poetry	proper	the	Old
	Testament	contains	a	species	of	poetry	that	may	be	called
	thought	lyric,	also	called	gnomic	poetry.	In	this	kind	of
	poetry	the	author	does	not	express	so	much	his	emotions	and
	experiences	as	his	thoughts	and	observations	on	human	life
	and	society,	or	generalizations	concerning	conduct	and	char-
	acter.	Only	very	few	specimens	of	secular	gnomic	poetry	are
	preserved	;	the	finest	of	these	is	the	fable	of	Jotham,	in
	Judges	9:8-15.	Its	religious	and	ethical	forms	are	found	in
	the	so-called	wisdom	literature,	especially	in	the	Book	of
	Proverbs,	which	contains	fables,	parables,	proverbs,	riddles,
	moral	and	political	maxims,	satires,	philosophic	and	specu-
	lative	sentences.
	2.	The	Devotional	Books	of	the	Old	Testament.	In	this
	chapter	the	term	"devotional"	is	used	of	those	poetic	compo-
	sitions	which	are	intended	to	portray	the	inner	religious	ex-
	periences	and	emotions	of	the	authors,	created	and	fostered
	by	their	close	and	intimate	fellowship	with	Jehovah.	These
	expressions	are	cast	in	the	form	of	lyric	poetry.	This	form
	of	poetry	is	scattered	through	the	various	historical	and	pro-
	phetic	books.	A	small	percentage	of	it	is	secular	in	the	sense
	that	it	centers	around	secular	themes,	but	in	view	of	the	fact
	that	the	entire	Old	Testament	is	pre-eminently	a	book	of	re-
	ligion,	it	is	only	natural	that	practically	all	the	poetry	in	it


546	THE	NORTH	AMERICAN	REVIEW
	though	I	had	gone	through	the	mo-	industry	needs	more	than	ever	re-
	tions	requisite	to	the	production	of	a	search	workers	of	general	intelligence
	"	thesis/'	I	had	no	more	idea	how	to	who	can	apply	that	intelligence	in	a
	perform	research	than	I	did	of	the	broad	way	to	problems	which	often
	current	traffic	rules	prevailing	in	lie	on	the	border	between	two	sci-
	Heaven.	So	emphatically	had	I	been	ences,	the	university	product	sup-
	told	things,	and	so	impregnated	was	plied	to	them	is	so	narrowly	trained,
	I	with	the	idea	that	I	must	follow	in	technics	which	have	been	dis-
	cookbook	rules,	that	it	took	four	placed	in	industry	itself	by	the	time
	years	of	sarcasm	and	profanity	on	they	graduate,	that	breadth	of	intel-
	the	part	of	one	of	the	best	research	ligence	has	been	obliterated	in	the
	workers	in	the	country,	to	drill	the	process.	Today	an	industrial	problem
	fact	into	my	head	that	new	knowl-	may	lead	almost	anywhere;	it	may
	edge	was	discovered	by	breaking	start	with	the	chemistry	of	steel,
	rules	and	trying	to	understand	what	jump	to	physics,	and	require	a
	happened	as	a	result.	knowledge	of	mineralogy	and	bacte
	riology	before	you	know	it.	Yet	in
	rjpooAY,	I	am	told	by	competent	their	efforts	to	serve	industry	an
	JL	spies,	the	colleges	and	the	univer-	oversupply	of	the	product	they	mis-
	sities	still	have	their	courses	packed	guidedly	think	industry	requires,	the
	with	educational	deadwood.	They	universities	have	often	so	narrowly
	are	still	inculcating	"correct"	be-	trained	their	graduates	that	they	are
	liefs	dogmatically,	instead	of	evoking	worse	than	useless.	Deprived	of	the
	in	the	minds	of	the	young	a	realiza-	opportunity	to	utilize	the	specific
	tion	of	man's	place	in	the	universe	as	motions	in	which	they	were	in-
	it	is	now	known	to	science,	and	an	structed,	they	find	themselves	too
	ability	to	make	successful	and	intel-	deficient	in	the	broad	general	princi-
	ligent	adjustments	to	environmental	pies	of	knowledge	to	make	them-
	factors.	So	long	as	the	aim	of	educa-	selves	useful	to	commercial	enter-
	tion	is	so	largely	to	tell	students	prise,
	what	is	"right,"	rather	than	to
	stimulate	them	to	search	out	and	rjpHE	situation	in	pure	research	is
	find	for	themselves	what	is	right,	so	JL	just	as	bad	as	that	in	industrial
	long	doctors	of	philosophy	and	mere	research.	Progress	is	being	made	in
	graduates	will	face	the	world	of	those	borderland	regions	where
	reality	only	partially	equipped	for	chemistry	and	biology	meet	in	bio-
	life's	struggle.	logical	chemistry,	where	chemistry
	Some	institutions	of	learning	have,	and	physics	meet	in	physical	chem-
	of	course,	cut	this	deadwood.	But	istry,	and	where	chemistry	and
	they	have	predominantly	compen-	engineering	meet	in	mathematics,
	sated	for	its	absence	by	replacing	it	In	order	successfully	to	perform	re-
	with	something	still	more	dubious	search	under	conditions	obtaining
	in	short,	with	a	vocational	training	today,	the	graduate	must	be	trained
	so	specific	and	so	highly	specialized	in	languages	and	in	mathematics	as
	that	the	industries	have	recently	well	as	in	a	variety	of	sciences.	For
	been	heard	in	protest.	Whereas	today	the	relation	between	compartmental-


1080	WITHOUT	CEREBRAL	HEMISPHERES.	[BOOK	in.
	of	an	intelligent	will.	But	it	must	always	be	remembered	that
	some	of	the	phenomena	are	due	to	the	operation	producing	other
	results	than	the	mere	absence	of	the	part	removed.	We	must
	bear	in	mind	that	in	all	the	above	experiments	while	the	positive
	phenomena,	the	things	which	the	animal	continues	able	to	do,
	are	of	great	value,	the	negative	phenomena,	the	things	which	the
	animal	can	no	longer	do,	are	of	much	less,	indeed	of	doubtful
	value.	The	more	carefully	and	successfully	the	experiments
	are	carried	out,	the	narrower	become	what	we	may	call	the
	'deficiency	phenomena,'	the	phenomena	which	are	alone	and
	directly	due	to	something	having	been	taken	away.	Were	it
	possible	to	keep	the	rabbit	alive	lorjg	enough	for	the	mere	effects
	of	the	operation	to	pass	completely	away,	we	should	not	only
	probably	witness,	as	in	the	case	of	the	bird,	a	greater	scope	of
	movement	and	more	frequent	spontaneity,	but	possibly	find	a
	difficulty	in	describing	the	exact	condition	of	the	animal.
	641.	Hitherto	attempts	to	witness	similar	phenomena	in
	more	highly	organised	mammals	such	as	the	dog	have	failed	;	these
	animals	do	not	recover	from	the	operation	of	removing	the	whole
	of	both	their	hemispheres	sufficiently	to	enable	us	to	judge
	whether	they,	like	the	frog,	the	bird	and	the	rabbit,	can	carry	out
	coordinate	bodily	movements	in	the	absence	of	the	hemispheres,	or
	whether	in	them	this	part	of	the	brain,	so	largely	developed,	has
	usurped	functions	which	in	the	lower	animals	belong	to	other
	parts.	Our	knowledge	is	largely	confined	to	the	experience	that
	when	in	a	dog	the	cerebral	convolutions	are	removed	piecemeal
	at	several	operations,	the	animal	may	be	kept	alive	and	in	good
	health	for	a	long	time,	many	months	at	least,	even	after	these
	parts	of	the	brain	have	been	reduced	to	very	small	dimensions,
	and	that	under	these	circumstances,	the	animal	is	not	only	able
	to	carry	out	with	some	limitations	his	ordinary	bodily	movements,
	but	also	exhibits	a	spontaneity	obviously	betokening	the	possession
	not	merely	of	a	conscious	volition	but	of	a	certain	amount	of
	intelligence.	Unless	we	are	willing	to	believe	that	a	mere
	fragment	so	to	speak	of	the	hemispheres	can	take	on	most
	extended	powers,	such	an	experience	seems	to	shew	that	in	the
	dog	as	in	the	rabbit	and	in	the	bird,	the	development	of	so-called
	higher	functions	is	not	limited	to	the	cerebral	hemispheres,	that
	the	middle	and	lower	portions	of	the	brain	in	the	higher	animals
	as	compared	with	the	lower	do	not	increase	in	bulk	merely	as	the
	instruments	of	the	hemispheres,	but	like	the	hemispheres	acquire
	more	and	more	complex	functions.	We	may	perhaps	go	so
	far	as	to	ask	the	question	whether	the	volition	and	intelligence
	which	such	a	dog	exhibits	is	not	as	much	the	product	of	the
	parts	lying	behind	the	hemispheres	as	of	the	stump	left	in	the
	front.
	If	we	can	thus	say	little	about	the	condition	of	a	dog	without
	the	cerebral	hemispheres	we	can	say	still	less	about	the	monkey,


CABEZA	DE	VACA,	ALVAB	NUNEZ
	place,	the	women	whom	we	sent	away	re
	turned,	and	said	they	had	found	very
	few	people;	nearly	all	had	gone	for	cat
	tle,	being	then	in	the	season.	We	ordered
	the	convalescent	to	remain	and	the	well
	to	go	with	us,	and	that	at	the	end	of
	two	days'	journey	those	women	should
	go	with	two	of	our	number	to	fetch	up
	the	people,	and	bring	them	on	the	road	to
	receive	us.	Consequently,	the	next	morn
	ing	the	most	robust	started	with	us.
	At	the	end	of	three	days'	travel	we
	stopped,	and	the	next	day	Alonzo	del	Cas
	tillo	set	out	with	Estevanico,	the	negro,
	taking	the	two	women	as	guides.	She
	that	was	the	captive	led	them	to	the	river
	which	ran	between	some	ridges,	where	was
	a	town	at	which	her	father	lived;	and
	these	habitations	were	the	first	seen,	hav
	ing	the	appearance	and	structure	of
	houses.
	Here	Castillo	and	Estevanico	arrived,
	and,	after	talking	with	the	Indians,	Cas
	tillo	returned	at	the	end	of	three	days	to
	the	spot	where	he	had	left	us,	and	brought
	five	or	six	of	the	people.	He	told	us	he
	had	found	fixed	dwellings	of	civilization,
	that	the	inhabitants	lived	on	beans	and
	pumpkins,	and	that	he	had	seen	maize.
	This	news	the	most	of	anything	delighted
	us,	and	for	it	we	gave	infinite	thanks	to
	our	Lord.	Castillo	told	us	the	negro	was
	coming	with	all	the	population	to	wait
	for	us	in	the	road	not	far	off.	Accordingly
	we	left,	and,	having	travelled	a	league
	and	a	half,	we	met	the	negro	and	the
	people	coming	to	receive	us.	They	gave	us
	beans,	many	pumpkins,	calabashes,	blank
	ets	of	cowhide,	and	other	things.	As	this
	people	and	those	who	came	with	us
	were	enemies,	and	spoke	not	each	other's
	language,	we	discharged	the	latter,	giv
	ing	them	what	we	received,	and	we	de
	parted	with	the	others.	Six	leagues	from
	there,	as	the	night	set	in	we	arrived	at
	the	houses,	where	great	festivities	were
	made	over	us.	We	remained	one	day,	and
	the	next	set	out	with	these	Indians.	They
	took	us	to	the	settled	habitations	of
	others,	who	lived	upon	the	same	food.
	From	that	place	onward	was	another
	usage.	Those	who	knew	of	our	approach
	did	not	come	out	to	receive	us	on	the
	road	as	the	others	had	done,	but	we	found
	them	in	their	houses,	and	they	had	made
	others	for	our	reception.	They	were	all
	seated	with	their	faces	turned	to	the
	wall,	their	heads	down,	the	hair	brought
	before	their	eyes,	and	their	property	placed
	in	a	heap	in	the	middle	of	the	house.	From
	this	place	they	began	to	give	us	many
	blankets	of	skin;	and	they	had	nothing
	they	did	not	bestow.	They	have	the	finest
	persons	of	any	people	we	saw,	of	the
	greatest	activity	and	strength,	who	best
	understood	us	and	intelligently	answered
	our	inquiries.	We	called	them	the	Cow
	nation,	because	most	of	the	cattle	killed
	are	slaughtered	in	their	neighborhood,	and
	along	up	that	river	for	over	50	leagues
	they	destroy	great	numbers.
	They	go	entirely	naked	after	the	man
	ner	of	the	first	we	saw.	The	women	are
	dressed	with	deer	skin,	and	some	few	men,
	mostly	the	aged,	who	are	incapable	of
	fighting.	The	country	is	very	populous.
	We	asked	how	it	was	they	did	not	plant
	maize.	They	answered	it	was	that	they
	might	not	lose	what	they	should	put	in
	the	ground;	that	the	rains	had	failed	for
	two	years	in	succession,	and	the	seasons
	were	so	dry	the	seed	had	everywhere	been
	taken	by	the	moles,	and	they	could	not
	venture	to	plant	again	until	after	water
	had	fallen	copiously.	They	begged	us
	to	tell	the	sky	to	rain,	and	to	pray	for
	it,	and	we	said	we	would	do	so.	We	also
	desired	to	know	whence	they	got	the	maize,
	and	they	told	us	from	where	the	sun
	goes	down;	there	it	grew	throughout	the
	region,	and	the	nearest	was	by	that	path.
	Since	they	did	not	wish	to	go	thither,	we
	asked	by	what	direction	we	might	best
	proceed,	and	bade	them	inform	us	con
	cerning	the	way;	they	said	the	path	was
	along	up	by	that	river	towards	the	north,
	for	otherwise	in	a	journey	of	seventeen
	days	we	should	find	nothing	to	eat,	except
	a	fruit	they	call	chacan,	that	is	ground
	between	stones,	and	even	then	it	could
	with	difficulty	be	eaten	for	its	dryness
	and	pungency	which	was	true.	They
	showed	it	to	us	there,	and	we	could
	not	eat	it.	They	informed	us	also
	that,	whilst	we	travelled	by	the	river
	upward,	we	should	all	the	way	pass
	through	a	people	that	were	their	ene
	mies,	who	spoke	their	tongue,	and,	though
	they	had	nothing	to	give	us	to	cat,	they
	would	receive	us	with	the	best	good-will,
	and	present	us	with	mantles	of	cotton,
	hides,	and	other	articles	of	their	wealth.


1832.]	Defence	of	Poetry.	67
	the	grove	that	lent	its	shelter	and	repose	from	the	heat	of
	noon,	became	the	abode	of	dryads	;	a	god	presided	over
	shepherds	and	their	flocks,	and	a	goddess	shook	the	yellow
	harvest	from	her	lap.	These	deities	were	propitiated	by	songs
	and	festive	rites.	And	thus	poetry	added	new	charms	to	the
	simplicity	and	repose	of	bucolic	life,	and	the	poet	mingled	in
	his	verse	the	delights	of	rural	ease,	and	the	praise	of	the	rural
	deities	which	bestowed	them.
	Such	was	poetry	in	those	happy	ages,	when,	camps	and
	courts	unknown,	life	was	itself	an	eclogue.	But	in	later	days
	it	sang	the	achievements	of	Grecian	and	Roman	heroes,	and
	pealed	in	the	war-song	of	the	Gothic	Scald.	These	early
	essays	were	rude	and	unpolished.	As	nations	advanced	in
	civilization	and	refinement,	poetry	advanced	with	them.	In
	each	successive	age,	it	became	the	image	of	their	thoughts	and
	feelings,	of	their	manners,	customs,	and	characters	;	for	poetry
	is	but	the	warm	expression	of	the	thoughts	and	feelings	of	a
	people,	and	we	speak	of	it	as	being	national,	when	the	charac
	ter	of	a	nation	shines	visibly	and	distinctly	through	it.
	Thus,	for	example,	Castilian	poetry	is	characterized	by
	sounding	expressions,	and	that	pomp	and	majesty,	so	peculiar
	to	Spanish	manners	and	character.	On	the	ether	hand,	Eng
	lish	poetry	possesses	in	a	high	degree	the	charms	of	rural	and
	moral	feeling;	it	flows	onward	like	a	woodland	stream,	in
	which	we	see	the	reflection	of	the	sylvan	landscape	and	of
	the	heaven	above	us.
	It	is	from	this	intimate	connexion	of	poetry	with	the	manners,
	customs,	and	characters	of	nations,	that	one	of	its	highest	uses
	is	drawn.	The	impressions	produced	by	poetry	upon	national
	character	at	any	period,	are	again	re-produced,	and	give	a	more
	pronounced	and	individual	character	to	the	poetry	of	a	subse
	quent	period.	And	hence	it	is,	that	the	poetry	of	a	nation
	sometimes	throws	so	strong	a	light	upon	the	page	of	its	his
	tory,	and	renders	luminous	those	obscure	passages,	which	often
	baffle	the	long-searching	eye	of	studious	erudition.	In	this
	view,	poetry	assumes	new	importance	with	all	who	search	for
	historic	truth.	Besides,	the	view	of	the	various	fluctuations	of
	the	human	mind,	as	exhibited,	not	in	history,	but	in	the	poetry
	of	successive	epochs,	is	more	interesting,'	and	less	liable	to
	convey	erroneous	impressions,	than	any	record	of	mere	events.
	The	great	advantage	drawn	from	the	study	of	history	is	not
	to	treasure	up	in	the	mind	a	multitude	of	disconnected	facts,


1836.]	Popular	Poetry	of	the	Teutonic	Nations.	275
	charms.	The	Servians,	when	asked	by	their	more	refined
	friends	at	Vienna	to	recite	before	company	some	of	their	beau
	tiful	popular	epics,	were	ashamed	and	almost	hurt	;	and	so
	strong	was	the	suspicion,	that	they	were	thus	entreated	merely
	to	cast	ridicule	on	them,	that	they	could	be	induced	only	with
	difficulty	to	comply	with	the	request.
	The	close	family	connexion	between	the	different	branches
	of	the	Teutonic	stock,	is	very	strongly	manifested	in	their
	common	traditions,	and	in	their	respective	poetry	;	although
	each	of	them	is	distinguished	by	national	features	of	its	own.
	A	long	chain	of	fictions	once	wound	itself	through	the	ancient
	northern	world,	whose	now	broken	links	lie	scattered	over
	those	regions	;	but	the	thinking	inquirer	may	easily	recognise
	that	they	were	once	connected,	and	may	often	discover	where
	they	formerly	were	joined.	Of	the	original	poetry	of	the
	various	Teutonic	races,	which,	five	or	six	centuries	after	the
	Christian	era,	inundated	all	Europe,	we	know	little	more,	than
	that	they	were	still	the	same	people,	who,	as	Tacitus	tells	us,
	although	fond	of	poetry	and	song,	used	even	their	voices	as
	instruments	to	frighten	their	enemies	;	and	whose	songs	Julian
	the	Apostate	compares	to	the	wild	cries	of	the	birds.	Mean
	while	poetry	unfolded	itself	in	all	its	glory	among	their	brethren,
	the	Scandinavian	races.	We	scarcely	see,	in	the	third	century
	after	Christ,	Odin	and	his	Goths	appear	in	the	North,	when
	the	Skalds	emerge	from	the	night	of	the	past	;	skilful,	elabo
	rate,	initiated	bards,	of	whom	we	know	not	from	what	Asiatic
	fountain	they	drew	their	wisdom	and	skill.	But	the	-poetry	of
	the	Skalds,	although	of	a	purely	national	character,	and	appar
	ently	born	and	nursed	in	the	bosom	of	their	own	race,	can	strict
	ly,	nevertheless,	not	be	considered	as	popular	poetry,	according
	to	the	definition	we	have	given	above.	The	earliest	effu
	sions	of	the	Skalds	or	northern	singers,	were	doubtless	of	this
	character	;	and	several	epic	songs	of	the	Edda	bear,	in	their	per
	fect	simplicity,	distinctly	the	stamp	of	genuine	popular	poetry,
	e.	g.	the	ancient	Quern	Song,	Grotta	Saungr,	printed	with	a
	literal	translation	in	Mr.	Jamieson's	Northern	Antiquities.	The
	authors	of	these	songs	are	unknown,	as	is	the	case	with	nearly
	all	popular	poetry.	The	antithesis	between	the	poetry	of
	nature	and	the	poetry	of	art,	in	the	case	of	the	ancient	northern
	songs,	has	been	denied	by	an	eminent	Danish	scholar.*	He
	*	E.	P.	Mailer.


452	ISAIAH,	LIV.	17.	[980.
	written	that	they	may	be	destroyed	6	."	They	still,	as	formerly,
	are	a	sect	that	is	everywhere	spoken	against	;	nor	is	there
	"	any	manner	of	evil	which	will	not	be	laid	falsely	to	their
	charge	f	."	But	God	does	often,	in	a	wonderful	way,	interpose
	for	them,	to	the	vindicating	of	their	character,	and	the	confu
	sion	of	all	their	enemies	8	.	Indeed,	the	very	people	who	most
	bitterly	traduce	them,	often	venerate	them	in	their	hearts	;
	even	as	"	Herod	feared	John,	from	an	inward	conviction	that
	he	was	a	just	and	holy	man	11	."	But,	however	God	may	suffer
	his	people	to	be	treated	"	as	the	filth	of	the	world	and	the
	off-scouring	of	all	things	1	"	even	to	their	dying	hour,	there	is	a
	time	coming	when	he	will	appear	in	their	behalf	:	and,	if	man
	have	his	day,	God	will	have	his	day	also	k	;	and	will	bring
	forth	their	righteousness	as	the	light,	and	their	judgment	as
	the	noon-day	1	."]
	3.	Justification	from	all	sin-
	fin	two	ways	will	God	justify	his	people	:	the	one	is,	by
	an	authoritative	attestation	from	the	mouth	of	their	Judge	;
	the	other,	by	putting	upon	them	that	very	righteousness
	whereby	they	shall	be	justified.	The	Saviour,	the	Lord	Jesus
	Christ,	has	wrought	out	"	a	righteousness	which	shall	be
	unto	all	and	upon	all	them	that	believe"	1	:"	and	when	they
	are	arrayed	in	this,	"	God	sees	in	them	no	iniquity","	because
	he	has	"	blotted	it	out	from	the	book	of	his	remembrance,"
	and	"	cast	it	all	behind	him,	into	the	very	depths	of	the	sea	."
	"	If	it	be	sought	for	ever	so	diligently,	it	cannot	be	found	1	*;"
	for	they	are	before	God	without	spot	or	wrinkle	or	any	such
	thing,	yea,	holy,	and	without	blemish	q	."	"	This	is	the	blessed
	heritage	of	all	God	s	servants	;"	and	all	of	them	in	due	time
	shall	possess	it.]
	That	we	may	the	better	estimate	their	felicity,	let
	us	notice,
	II.	Their	security	for	the	possession	of	it
	It	is	altogether	"	of	God,"	as	our	text	declares	;
	and	all	the	perfections	of	God	are	pledged	for	their
	ultimate	possession	of	it.	It	is	secured	to	them	by,
	1.	The	power	of	God
	e	Esth.	iii.	8,	9.	f	Matt.	v.	11.	?	1	Sam.	xxiv.	17.
	h	Mark	vi.	20.	;	1	Cor.	iv.	13.
	k	1	Cor.	iv.	35.	See	the	Greek.
	1	Ps.	xxxvii.	5,	0.	Isai.	Ixvi.	"&gt;.	m	Rom.	iii.	22.
	n	Numb,	xxiii.	21.	Mic.	vii.	19.	and	Isni.	xxxviii.	17.
	P	Jer.	1.	20.	i	Epli.	v.	27.


io	SONGS	OF	A	JEW
	But	a	lorn,	sequestered	stranger,
	Lo	!	I	wander	through	the	West,
	Ever	dreaming,	ever	longing,
	Never	finding	peace	or	rest.
	Of	my	kindred	I	make	question,
	While	from	land	to	land	I	roam	;
	"	You	that	tasted	of	the	Lotus,
	And	in	Exile	made	your	home	;
	"	Can	you	tell	me,	happy	people,
	Can	you	tell	me	in	what	part
	Grows	that	blessed	magic	flower
	That	shall	heal	my	pining	heart	?	"
	But	they	gaze	at	me	in	wonder,
	Shake	their	heads	and	turn	away	;
	And	they	mock	me	as	a	dreamer,
	And	I	plod	my	lonely	way.
	In	what	Gilead	their	balm	grew,
	They	keep	hidden	from	my	quest	;
	So	I	pine,	I	pine	for	homeland,
	With	no	plant	to	give	me	rest


CABEZA	DE	VACA,	ALVAR	NUNEZ
	place,	the	women	whom	we	sent	away	re-
	turned,	and	said	they	had	found	very
	few	people;	nearly	all	had	gone	for	cat-
	tle,	being	then	in	the	season.	We	ordered
	the	convalescent	to	remain	and	the	well
	to	go	with	us,	and	that	at	the	end	of
	two	days'	journey	those	women	should
	go	with	two	of	our	number	to	fetch	up
	the	people,	and	bring	them	on	the	road	to
	receive	us.	Consequently,	the	next	morn-
	ing	the	most	robust	started	with	us.
	At	the	end	of	three	days'	travel	we
	stopped,	and	the	next	day	Alonzo	del	Cas-
	tillo	set	out	with	Estevanico,	the	negro,
	taking	the	two	women	as	guides.	She
	that	was	the	captive	led	them	to	the	river
	which	ran	between	some	ridges,	where	was
	a	town	at	which	her	father	lived;	and
	these	habitations	were	the	first	seen,	hav-
	ing	the	appearance	and	structure	of
	houses.
	Here	Castillo	and	Estevanico	arrived,
	and,	after	talking	with	the	Indians,	Cas-
	tillo	returned	at	the	end	of	three	days	to
	the	spot	where	he	had	left	us,	and	brought
	five	or	six	of	the	people.	He	told	us	he
	had	found	fixed	dwellings	of	civilization,
	that	the	inhabitants	lived	on	beans	and
	pumpkins,	and	that	he	had	seen	maize.
	This	news	the	most	of	anything	delighted
	us,	and	for	it	we	gave	infinite	thanks	to
	our	Lord.	Castillo	told	us	the	negro	was
	coming	with	all	the	population	to	wait
	for	us	in	the	road	not	far	off.	Accordingly
	we	left,	and,	having	travelled	a	league
	and	a	half,	we	met	the	negro	and	the
	people	coming	to	receive	us.	They	gave	us
	beans,	many	pumpkins,	calabashes,	blank-
	ets	of	cowhide,	and	other	things.	As	this
	people	and	those	who	came	with	us
	were	enemies,	and	spoke	not	each	other's
	language,	we	discharged	the	latter,	giv-
	ing	them	what	we	received,	and	we	de-
	parted	with	the	others.	Six	leagues	from
	there,	as	the	night	set	in	we	arrived	at
	the	houses,	where	great	festivities	were
	made	over	us.	We	remained	one	day,	and
	the	next	set	out	with	these	Indians.	They
	took	us	to	the	settled	habitations	of
	others,	who	lived	upon	the	same	food.
	From	that	place	onward	was	another
	usage.	Those	who	knew	of	our	approach
	did	not	come	out	to	receive	us	on	the
	road	as	the	others	had	done,	but	we	found
	them	in	their	houses,	and	they	had	made
	others	for	our	reception.	They	were	all
	seated	with	their	faces	turned	to	the
	wall,	their	heads	down,	the	hair	brought
	before	their	eyes,	and	their	property	placed
	in	a	heap	in	the	middle	of	the	house.	From
	this	place	they	began	to	give	us	many
	blankets	of	skin;	and	they	had	nothing
	they	did	not	bestow.	They	have	the	finest
	persons	of	any	people	we	saw,	of	the
	greatest	activity	and	strength,	who	best
	understood	us	and	intelligently	answered
	our	inquiries.	We	called	them	the	Cow
	nation,	because	most	of	the	cattle	killed
	are	slaughtered	in	their	neighborhood,	and
	along	up	that	river	for	over	50	leagues
	they	destroy	great	numbers.
	They	go	entirely	naked	after	the	man-
	ner	of	the	first	we	saw.	The	women	are
	dressed	with	deer	skin,	and	some	few	men,
	mostly	the	aged,	who	are	incapable	of
	fighting.	The	country	is	very	populous.
	We	asked	how	it	was	they	did	not	plant
	maize.	They	answered	it	was	that	they
	might	not	lose	what	they	should	put	in
	the	ground;	that	the	rains	had	failed	for
	two	years	in	succession,	and	the	seasons
	were	so	dry	the	seed	had	everywhere	been
	taken	by	the	moles,	and	they	could	not
	venture	to	plant	again	until	after	water
	had	fallen	copiously.	They	begged	us
	to	tell	the	sky	to	rain,	and	to	pray	for
	it,	and	we	said	we	would	do	so.	We	also
	desired	to	know	whence	they	got	the	maize,
	and	they	told	us	from	where	the	sun
	goes	down;	there	it	grew	throughout	the
	region,	and	the	nearest	was	by	that	path.
	Since	they	did	not	wish	to	go	thither,	we
	asked	by	what	direction	we	might	best
	proceed,	and	bade	them	inform	us	con-
	cerning	the	way;	they	said	the	path	was
	along	up	by	that	river	towards	the	north,
	for	otherwise	in	a	journey	of	seventeen
	days	we	should	find	nothing	to	eat,	except
	a	fruit	they	call	chacan,	that	is	ground
	between	stones,	and	even	then	it	could
	with	difficulty	be	eaten	for	its	dryness
	and	pungency	—	which	was	true.	They
	showed	it	to	us	there,	and	we	could
	not	eat	it.	They	informed	us	also
	that,	whilst	we	travelled	by	the	river
	upward,	we	should	all	the	way	pass
	through	a	people	that	were	their	ene-
	mies,	who	spoke	their	tongue,	and,	though
	they	had	nothing	to	give	us	to	eat,	they
	would	receive	us	with	the	best	good-will,
	and	present	us	with	mantles	of	cotton,
	hides,	and	other	articles	of	their	wealth.


The	Relation	of	Poetry	to	Life.	\	7
	mind	and	the	heart,	enchaining	the	intellect
	and	the	affections.	An	old	Eastern	poet	is	re
	ported	to	have	said	of	himself,	"	Saadi	s	whole
	power	lies	in	his	sweet	words."	There	is	much	in
	the	saying	;	for,	though	prose	may	have	the	sub
	stance	of	poetry,	it	can	never	have	the	music
	and	the	splendor	of	poetry,	the	supernal
	charm,	the	rapture.
	Our	Bible	rests	largely	on	poetry	;	and	as	our
	religion	rests	largely	on	our	Bible,	our	religion
	rests	largely	on	poetry.	Now,	if	the	world	has
	all	along	had	a	religion	resting	largely	on	poetry,
	we	run	little	risk	in	saying	that	the	religion	of	the
	future	will	rest	largely	on	poetry.	The	indica
	tions	are,	indeed,	that	the	world	will	rest	its
	religion	on	poetry	more	heavily	in	the	future
	than	it	has	rested	it	in	the	past.	Never	man
	spoke	truer	words	than	old	Homer	s	where	he
	says,	"	Men	cannot	go	on	without	the	gods."
	The	future	of	religion	is	"immense";	from	this
	there	is	no	escape	;	and	poetry	is,	and	must	con
	tinue	to	be,	the	corner-stone	of	the	spiritual
	building,	which	is	but	another	way	of	saying	that
	the	future	of	poetry	is	"immense."
	As	Canon	Cheyne	phrases	it,	poetry	is	the
	expression	of	the	"highest	and	grandest	truth,"
	not	the	highest	and	grandest	fact.	We	are	not
	to	cling	to	the	letter,	which	killeth	;	we	are	not
	to	believe,	when	reading	the	exalted	utterances


130
	Chapter	VIII
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	D?
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	2.
	.148
	D!

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	3.
	.155
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	III.	1.
	.250
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	4.
	.215
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	It	will	be	seen	that,	although	the	tests	given	above
	modify	and	correct	each	other,	they	never	sharply
	disagree,	and	usually	support	each	other	strongly.
	Such	agreement	between	five	or	six	different	tests,
	some	of	them	worked	out	by	different	men,	ignorant
	1	It	may	seem	as	if	the	results	of	the	parallel-passage	test
	would	be	prejudiced,	on	the	ground	that	a	man	would	notice
	only	such	passages	as	he	desired.	But	I	have	tried	to	be	as
	careful	and	impartial	as	possible	in	this	search.	As	an	evidence
	of	this,	I	can	point	to	the	fact	that	I	religiously	recorded	three
	or	four	very	doubtful	parallels	from	Webster	against	Northward
	Ho	I.	3,	a	scene	with	a	word-average	of	.100;	and	afterwards
	found	closer	parallels	from	Dekker	for	the	se	very	passages.	Again,
	I	did	not	hit	on	the	idea	of	dividing	Northward	Ho	V	into	two
	parts	until	after	all	my	passages	had	been	collected.	I	had
	supposed	the	whole	was	largely	Webster's,	and	had	been	hunting-
	high	and	low	to	find	parallels	to	it.	Yet,	when	I	came	to	divide
	the	act,	all	the	parallels	from	Webster	went	to	Part	A.


8o	Works	of	Edgar	Allan	Poe
	the	bag	up	in	this	way,	and	formed	a	complete	en
	closure	on	all	sides,	and	at	bottom,	it	was	now	nec
	essary	to	fasten	up	its	top	or	mouth,	by	passing	its
	material	over	the	hoop	of	the	network	in	other
	words,	between	the	network	and	the	hoop.	But	if
	the	network	were	separated	from	the	hoop	to	admit
	this	passage,	what	was	to	sustain	the	car	in	the
	meantime?	Now,	the	network	was	not	perma
	nently	fastened	to	the	hoop,	but	attached	by	a	series
	of	running	loops	or	nooses.	I	therefore	undid	only
	a	few	of	these	loops	at	one	time,	leaving	the	car
	suspended	by	the	remainder.	Having	thus	inserted
	a	portion	of	the	cloth	forming	the	upper	part	of	the
	bag,	I	refastened	the	loops	not	to	the	hoop,	for	that
	would	have	been	impossible,	since	the	cloth	now
	intervened	but	to	a	series	of	large	buttons,	affixed
	to	the	cloth	itself,	about	three	feet	below	the	mouth
	of	the	bag	;	the	intervals	between	the	buttons	having
	been	made	to	correspond	to	the	intervals	between	the
	loops.	This	done,	a	few	more	of	the	loops	were
	unfastened	from	the	rim,	a	further	portion	of	the
	cloth	introduced,	and	the	disengaged	loops	then	con
	nected	with	their	proper	buttons.	In	this	way	it
	was	possible	to	insert	the	whole	upper	part	of	the
	bag	between	the	network	and	the	hoop.	It	is	evi
	dent	that	the	hoop	would	now	drop	down	within	the
	car,	while	the	whole	weight	of	the	car	itself,	with
	all	its	contents,	would	be	held	up	merely	by	the
	strength	of	the	buttons.	This,	at	first	sight,	would


The	Balloon	Hoax	333
	"This	model	(which,	through	want	of	time,	we
	have	necessarily	described	in	an	imperfect	manner)
	was	put	in	action	at	the	Adelaide	Gallery,	where	it
	accomplished	a	velocity	of	five	miles	per	hour;	al
	though,	strange	to	say,	it	excited	very	little	interest
	in	comparison	with	the	previous	complex	machine	of
	Mr.	Henson	so	resolute	is	the	world	to	despise	any
	thing	which	carries	with	it	an	air	of	simplicity.	To
	accomplish	the	great	desideratum	of	aerial	naviga
	tion,	it	was	very	generally	supposed	that	some	ex
	ceedingly	complicated	application	must	be	made	of
	some	unusually	profound	principle	in	dynamics.
	"So	well	satisfied,	however,	was	Mr.	Mason	of	the
	ultimate	success	of	his	invention,	that	he	determined
	to	construct	immediately,	if	possible,	a	balloon	of
	sufficient	capacity	to	test	the	question	by	a	voyage	of
	some	extent	the	original	design	being	to	cross	the
	British	Channel,	as	before,	in	the	Nassau	balloon.
	To	carry	out	his	views,	he	solicited	and	obtained	the
	patronage	of	Sir	Everard	Bringhurst	and	Mr.	Os-
	borne,	two	gentlemen	well	known	for	scientific	ac
	quirement,	and	especially	for	the	interest	they	have
	exhibited	in	the	progress	of	aerostation.	The	proj
	ect,	at	the	desire	of	Mr.	Osborne,	was	kept	a	pro
	found	secret	from	the	public	the	only	persons	in
	trusted	with	the	design	being	those	actually	engaged
	in	the	construction	of	the	machine,	which	was	built
	(under	the	superintendence	of	Mr.	Mason,	Mr.	Hol
	land,	Sir	Everard	Bringhurst,	and	Mr.	Osborne)	at


21	8
	fume	a	familiarity	with	the	Almighty,	which	is	excefs	of	blaf-
	phemy	as	well	as	of	blrndnefs.	Our	contemplation,	the	moft
	profound	on	Divine	Nature,	can	only	lead	us	to	one	great
	conclufion,	o,ur	own	immeafurable	inanity	;	from	whence	we
	fhould	learn,	that	we	can	never	ferve	God	but	in	ferving	his
	creature-,	and	to	think	we	ferve	God	by	a	profufion	of	prayer,
	when	we	degrade	and	profcribe	his	creature	and	our	fellow-
	creature,	was	to	fuppofe	Heaven,	like	the	Court	of	Princes,
	a	region	of	flattery,	and	that	man	can	there	procure	a	holy
	connivance	at	his	inhumanity,	on	the	perfonal	application	of
	luxurious	and	complimentary	devotion.	Or,	if	the	argument
	were	to	defcend	from	religious	to	moral	ftudy,	furely,	furely
	Minifters	fhould	have	remembered	that	the	Catholics	had
	contributed	greatly	to	the	expences	of	the	war,	and	had	bled
	profufely	therein	;	that	they	themfelves	were	much	in	debt
	to	human	nature,	and	fhould	not	lofe	that	one	opportunity	of
	paying	a	very	fmall	part	of	it,	merely	by	a	reftoration	of
	loyal	fubje&s	to	their	own-	inheritance,	their	liberty.	We
	fuggefted	fuch	a	ftep	as	a	meafure	of	policy	ati	well	as	juftice,
	with	a	view	to	the	ftrength	and	power	of	his	Majefty,	who
	was	moft	improperly,	made	a	bar	to	fuch	a	conceffion.	We
	fuggefted	that	his	fituation	with	regard	to	America	to	Eu-
	rope	to	his	allies	and	enemies,	was	critical	;	and	that	it	was
	a	mockery	of	that	fituation	to	fuppofe,	that	the	worfhrp	of	the
	Virgin	Mary,	or	the	dolrine	of	the	real	prefence,	conftituted
	any	part	of	the	Royal	difficulties	;	that	there	was	no	fpeftre
	to	difturb	the	Royal	imagination,	but	an	exifting	fubftance
	a	gigantic	form	walked	the	earth	at	this	moment,	who	fmote
	Crowns	with	a	hundred	hands	y	and	opened	for	the	fedu&iort
	of	their	fubjefts	a	hundred	armsDemocracy	;	and	we	im-
	plored	Minifters	againft	fuch	an	enemy	to	ally	and	identify
	the	King	with	all	his	people,	without	diftin&ion	of	religion,
	and	not	to	detach	him	from	any	part	of	them	to	make	a	mife-
	rable	alliance	with	Prieftcraft,	which	was	a	falling	caufe,	and
	a	fuperannuated	folly.	With	regard	to	the	danger	offered
	to	the	connexion	with	England	from	th	emancipation	of	the
	Catholics,


248	Gilfillan's	Bards	of	the	Bible.	[July,
	the	Old	Testament,	and	come	down	to	the	Gospels,	and
	inquire	concerning	the	poetry	which	they	exhibit.	He	makes
	an	informal	apology	for	the	title	to	his	13th	chapter,	which
	is,	POETRY	OF	THE	GOSPEL.	"	Perhaps,"	says	he,	"	we
	had	better	have	designated	this	chapter,	"	THE	POETRY	OF
	JESUS."	But	why	?	Because	that,	in	the	Gospels,	nearly	all
	the	poetry	"	clusters	in	and	around	His	face,	form,	bearing,
	and	words."	True	enough,	the	central	point	of	the	Gospels
	is	the	person	of	Jesus,	by	which	we	mean	both	what	he	is,
	and	what	he	says	and	does.	Excepting	the	hymn	of	Mary,
	and	the	prophetic	view	of	Zacharias,	and	the	song	of	the
	angels,	we	were	not	before	aware	of	any	poetry	in	the	Gos
	pels,	unless	it	be	the	quotations	in	them	of	poetic	passages
	from	the	Old	Testament.	We	know,	indeed,	that	many	parts
	of	the	sermon	on	the	mount	come	near	to	the	form	of	Hebrew
	poetry.	But	this	results	from	the	fact	that	the	sermon	con
	tains	many	precepts	which	are	thrown	into	a	condensed	and
	gnomic	form,	so	as	to	give	point	to	them,	and	make	them	easy
	to	be	remembered.	They	resemble,	in	form,	the	precepts	of
	the	book	of	Proverbs,	or	of	Ecclesiastes.	But	the	form	is
	all	that	gives	them	a	resemblance	to	poetry.	There	is	evi
	dently	no	design	of	a	poetical	nature	in	them.
	How,	then,	do	the	Gospels	become	poetry,	tine	poetry	of
	Jesus	1	Mr.	Gilfillan	assures	us,	that	"	the	New	Testament,
	as	well	as	the	Old,	is	a	poem,	the	Odyssey	to	that	Iliad."
	This	last	comparison	strikes	us	as	quite	a	strange	one.	The
	Odyssey,	forsooth	!	We	had	supposed	that	the	Iliad	was
	generally	reckoned	as	the	meridian	sun,	and	the	Odyssey	as
	the	setting	sun	of	Homer.	The	New	Testament,	then,	is
	only	the	setting	sun	of	poetry	;	the	Old	Testament	is	its
	meridian	sun.	Yet	Paul	seems	to	have	thought	somewhat
	differently	:	"	For	if	the	ministration	of	condemnation
	[the	Old	Testament	dispensation]	be	glory,	much	more	doth
	the	ministration	of	righteousness	exceed	in	glory.	For	even
	that	which	was	made	glorious,	had	no	glory	in	this	respect,
	by	reason	of	the	glory	that	excelleth"	But	we	need	not
	argue	either	to	prove	or	to	illustrate	the	position,	that	the
	New	Testament	is	the	consummation	of	all	which	is	excellent
	in	religion	or	sublime	in	moral	sentiment.
	But	the	poetry	of	this	Odyssey	;	that	is	our	present
	object	of	attention.	What	is	it	?	It	consists,	according	to


260	ANALYTICAL	PSYCHOLOGY
	passive,	he	would	merely	reconcile	himself	"	to	the	empti-
	ness	of	reality"	(Stekel,	loc.	cit.	t	p.	187).	In	the	second
	he	would	be	"	filled	with	enthusiasm	"	for	something	or
	other	or	some	person	or	other.	But	what	will	determine
	this	choice	of	his	as	to	whether	he	will	be	passive	rather
	than	active	in	his	"second	life"?	In	your	view,	will	the
	determining	factor	manifest	itself	spontaneously	in	the	course
	of	the	analysis,	and	must	the	doctor	carefully	avoid	swaying
	the	balance	to	one	side	or	other	by	his	influence	?	Or	must
	he,	if	he	does	not	renounce	the	right	to	canalise	the	patient's
	libido	in	some	particular	direction,	renounce	the	right	to	be
	called	a	psychoanalyst,	and	is	he	to	be	regarded	as	"	moderate	"
	or	altogether	as	"	wild	"	?	1	(Of.	Furtmiiller,	"	Wandlungen
	in	der	Freudschen	Schule,"	Zentralblatt	fur	Psychoanalyse,
	vols.	IV.,	V.,	3rd	year,	p.	191.)	But	I	think	you	have	already
	answered	this	question,	since	in	your	last	letter	you	write	:
	"	Every	interference	on	the	part	of	the	analyst	is	a	gross
	mistake	in	technique.	So-called	chance	is	the	law	and	the
	order	of	psychoanalysis."	But,	torn	from	its	context,	per-
	haps	this	does	not	quite	give	your	whole	meaning.	With
	regard	to	detailed	explanation	of	the	psychoanalytic	method
	before	the	beginning	of	the	analysis,	I	think	you	agree	with
	Freud	and	Stekel	:	give	too	little	rather	than	too	much.	For
	the	knowledge	instilled	into	a	patient	remains	more	or	less	half-
	knowledge,	and	half-	knowledge	engenders	"	the	desire	to	know
	better	"	(than	the	analyst),	which	only	impedes	progress.
	So,	after	brief	explanation,	first	"	let	the	patient	talk,"	then
	and	there	point	out	connexions,	then	after	the	exhaustion	of
	the	conscious	material,	take	dreams.
	But	there	another	difficulty	confronts	me	which	I	have
	already	pointed	out	in	our	talks	:	you	find	the	patient
	adapting	himself	to	the	doctor's	tone,	language,	jargon,
	whether	from	conscious	imitation,	transference,	or	even
	resistance,	when	he	can	fight	the	analyst	with	his	own
	weapons	;	how	then	can	you	possibly	prevent	his	beginning
	to	produce	all	manner	of	phantasies	as	supposedly	real
	1	"Selected	Papers	on	Hysteria	and	other	Psychoneuroses."	Mono-
	graph	Series,	No	4,	last	edition.


ADVANCEMENT	OF	LEARNING
	acter	of	style	and	a	certain	form	of	speech	not	relating	to
	the	subject,	for	a	true	narration	may	be	delivered	in	verse
	and	a	feigned	one	in	prose;	but	the	second	is	a	capital	part
	of	learning,	and	no	other	than	feigned	history.	And	here,
	as	in	our	divisions,	we	endeavor	to	find	and	trace	the	true
	sources	of	learning,	and	this	frequently	without	giving	way
	to	custom	or	the	established	order	we	shall	take	no	par
	ticular	notice	of	satire,	elegy,	epigram,	ode,	etc.,	but	turn
	them	over	to	philosophy	and	the	arts	of	speech,	and	under
	the	name	of	poetry	treat	nothing	more	Chan	imaginary
	history.
	The	justest	division	of	poetry,	except	what	it	shares	in
	common	with	history	(which	has	its	feigned	chronicles,
	feigned	lives,	and	feigned	relations),	is	1.	Into	narrative;
	2.	Dramatic;	and	3.	Allegorical.	Narrative	poetry	is	such
	an	exact	imitation	of	history	as	to	deceive,	did	it	not
	often	carry	things	beyond	probability.	Dramatic	poetry	is
	a	kind	of	visible	history,	giving	the	images	of	things	as	if
	they	were	present,	while	history	represents	them	as	past.
	But	allegorical	poetry	is	history	with	its	type,	which	rep-
	resents	intellectual	things	to	the	senses.
	Narrative	poetry,	otherwise	called	heroic	poetry,	seems,
	with	regard	to	its	matter,	not	the	versification,	raised	upon
	a	noble	foundation,	as	having	a	principal	regard	to	the	dig
	nity	of	human	nature.	For	as	the	active	world	is	inferior
	to	the	rational	soul,	so	poetry	gives	that	to	mankind	which
	history	denies,	and	in	some	measure	satisfies	the	mind	with
	shadows	when	it	cannot	enjoy	the	substance.	For,	upon
	a	narrow	inspection,	poetry	strongly	shows	that	a	greater
	grandeur	of	things,	a	more	perfect	order,	and	a	more	beau
	tiful	variety	is	pleasing	to	the	mind	than	can	anywhere	be
	found	in	nature	after	the	fall.	So	that,	as	the	actions	and
	events,	which	are	the	subjects	of	true	history,	have	not	that
	granct"euf	which	satisfies	the	mind,	poetry	steps	in	and	feigns
	more	heroical	actions.	And	as	real	history	gives	us	not	the
	success	of	things	according	to	the	deserts	of	virtue	and	vice,
	poetry	corrects	it,	and	presents	us	with	the	fates	and	for-


ARABEL
	Twists	of	smoke	rise	from	the	limpness	of	jewelled
	fingers,
	The	softness	of	Persian	rugs	hushes	the	room.
	Under	a	dragon	lamp	with	a	shade	the	color	of	coral
	Sit	the	readers	of	poems	one	by	one.
	And	all	the	room	is	in	shadow	except	for	the	blur
	Of	mahogany	surface,	and	tapers	against	the	wall.
	And	a	youth	reads	a	poem	of	love	:	forever	and	ever
	Is	his	soul	the	soul	of	the	loved	one	;	a	woman	sings
	Of	the	nine	months	which	go	to	the	birth	of	a	soul.
	And	after	a	time	under	the	lamp	a	man
	Begins	to	read	a	letter	having	no	poem	to	read.
	And	the	words	of	the	letter	flash	and	die	like	a	fuse
	Dampened	by	rain	it	s	a	dying	mind	that	writes
	What	Byron	did	for	the	Greeks	against	the	Turks.
	And	a	sickness	enters	our	hearts.	The	jewelled	hands
	Clutch	at	the	arms	of	the	chairs	about	the	room
	One	hears	the	parting	of	lips,	and	a	nervous	shifting
	Of	feet	and	arms.
	And	I	look	up	and	over
	The	reader	s	shoulder	and	see	the	name	of	the	writer.
	What	is	it	I	see	?	The	name	of	a	man	I	knew	I
	f	TOT	1