381
	Church:	I've	written	quite	a	lot	of	articles.	I	have	never	done	a	book.
	I'd	like	to,	and	I	might	sometime.	I	think	everybody	who	cooks	has
	something	to	offer	about	cooking	that's	different.	I	never	pick	up
	a	cookbook	that	I	don't	find	some	tiny	little	thing,	no	matter	how
	small,	that	is	interesting	and	new	and	so	forth.	When	I	was	learning
	to	cook	there	were	few	good	cookbooks.	Now	everyone	can	learn	to	cook
	and	many	become	really	excellent	cooks.
	Riess:	You	came	home	and	then	you	met	Tommy?
	Church:	I	came	home	after	almost	four	years	and	I	went	back	to	the	University
	thinking,	when	I	first	got	home,	that	I	would	teach	French.	I	guess
	I	was	there	about	a	year	and	a	half.	I	did	the	work	for	a	master's
	degree.	Then	I	met	Tommy	and	we	got	married.	I've	never	done	anything
	about	the	teaching.
	6)	Introduction	to	Marion	Hollins	and	Pasatiempo
	Church	:
	Riess	:
	Church:
	Riess:
	Church:
	When	we	first	were	married	Tommy	was	teaching	at	the	University	and
	also	he	had	some	outside	work.	That	was	what	he	was	mainly	interested
	in	developing.	But	that	was	the	moment	of	the	Depression.
	So	when	he	got	down	on	his	knees	to	propose	to	you,	how	did	he	propose
	to	support	you?
	Well,	we	never	discussed	it.	I	mean	it	was	most	extraordinary,	we
	never	have	discussed	it.	1	I	just	assumed	that	we'd	manage	somehow	and
	we	always	have.	The	thing	that	was	fortunate	was	that	on	our	way
	back	from	our	honeymoon-	-after	we	were	married,	we	drove	down	to
	Mexico,	all	through	California,	and	we	sketched	all	the	missions.
	You	say	"we."
	You	really	mean	that	you	were	doing	it,	too?
	Yes,	I	was	always	very	interested	in	sketching	and
	:at	deal	together.
	+	+
	a	great	deal	together.
	we	used	to	sketch
	Then	on	our	way	back	we	stopped	at	Santa	Cruz	because	that	was
	where	Marion	Hollins	was	developing	Pasatiempo.	She	had	come	from
	the	East	and	lived	at	Pebble	Beach	and	sold	real	estate	while	she	was
	playing	golf.	That's	what	a	lot	of	those	people	did	in	those	days.
	I	guess	they	still	do	that	with	those	big	tracts—of	course,	Pebble
	Beach	was	sort	of	an	ideal	situation	--the	country	club	sort	of	thing.
	You	know,	every	now	and	then	something	is	made	like	that.


424
	Church	:
	Riess	:
	Church	:
	Riess	:
	Church	:
	I	said,	"There	is	this	series	of	books,	detective	stories
	about	San	Francisco	Chinatown	by	a	man	called	Sax	Rohmer."	(It
	was	a	Fu	Manchu.)	And	she	said,	"The	very	thing!"
	So	I	gave	her	a	whole	armload	of	them.	Off	she	went	and	she
	came	back	and	she	never	forgot	that.	She	said,	"That	was	the
	greatest	thing	that	could	have	been	done."	That	introduced	her	to
	Sax	Rohmer.
	Isn't	it	really	killing?	Why	I	just	couldn't	believe	itl	I
	mean	the	reason	I	knew	Sax	Rohmer	so	well	was	that	I'd	had	a
	very	gay	aunt	when	I	was	young	whose	beau	sent	her	a	new	Sax	Rohmer
	every	time	one	appeared.	We	could	hardly	wait	to	get	our	hands	on
	it	and	read	it.	So	I	was	very	familiar	with	it	but	I	thought	it	was
	only	for	frivolous,	I	didn't	realize	it	was	an	intellectual	pursuit.
	What	a	good	story	about	Gertrude	Stein.
	Yes,	she	was	quite	a	marvelous	woman.	They	were	quite	wonderful,
	both	of	those	ladies,	needless	to	say.
	Tommy	met	Toklas.	He	took	some	wonderful	pictures	of	her.	We
	were	all	in	Paris	at	one	time	later	on	with	some	people	and	we	looked
	her	up,	and	we	went	to	call	on	her	and	then	she	involved	us	in	a
	couple	of	interesting	things.	One	time	when	we	were	all	having	lunch
	or	dinner	or	something,	Tommy	took	these	pictures	of	her.	They're
	really	quite	stunning.
	Where	are	they?
	Oh,	they're	right	here	somewhere	if	I	can	put	my	hand	on	them.
	Toklas	remembered	me	and	she	was	very	lovely	and	gracious.	By
	that	time	she	was	living	all	by	herself	under	very	tragic	circumstances.
	We	introduced	Elizabeth	Gordon	to	Alice.	Elizabeth	was	the	one
	who	got	Alice's	book,	The	Alice	B.	Toklas	Cookbook,	published.
	28)	Anais	Nin,	the	Jolas,	and	Transition
	Church:	I	was	reading	about	Anais	Nin	the	other	day.	In	those	early	days	I
	was	such	an	ignorant	and	so	behind	the	times.	I	wasn't	with	it.	I
	do	think	she's	quite	a	wonderful	writer.	I	used	to	see	her	all	the
	time.	I	used	to	see	Picasso.	I	never	went	to	any	of	Gertrude's
	soirees	or	anything	like	that,	but	I	heard	her	read	several	times.


628	Letters	from	Rome	on	the	Council.
	Meanwhile	some	differences	have	arisen	among	the
	majority,	branching	off	at	last	into	what	may	be	called
	a	middle	party.	Even	Pie	of	Poitiers	is	no	longer
	altogether	in	accord	with	Manning	and	Deschamps,
	and	Fessler	said	lately	that	a	definition	could	not	be
	carried	against	80	dissentient	votes.	This	party	dis
	approves	Bilio	s	treatment	of	Maret,	which	is	disowned
	by	Cardinal	de	Luca,	who	in	other	respects	often	speaks
	openly	against	Manning.	Others,	including	Cardinals,
	say	plainly	in	reference	to	the	minority	Bishops	that	the
	Papacy	is	threatened	with	destruction.	The	definition
	must,	if	possible,	be	prevented	by	proroguing	the	Coun
	cil,	and,	failing	that,	the	difficulties	must	be	evaded	by
	an	ambiguous	formula.	The	prelates	who	speak	thus
	are	too	sober-minded	not	to	perceive	the	political	dangers
	the	new	dogma	would	bring	with	it.	They	not	only
	think	the	price	too	high,	but	they	dread	being	them
	selves	reduced	by	the	definition	under	the	intolerable
	dominion	of	the	Jesuit	party.	They	frequently	confer
	with	members	of	the	Opposition	with	the	view	of
	devising	a	compromise.
	The	French	Opposition	Bishops	have	lately	had
	another	meeting	and	resolved	to	continue	to	take	part
	in	the	debates.	The	little	misunderstanding	between


ENG.	POETRY	(History)
	913
	ENG.	POETRY	(Collections)
	-	BETHUNE,	G.	W.	British	female	poets.	Phila.,
	1849.	8".
	-	BROWNING,	Mrs.	E.	B.	The	Greek	Christian
	poets	and	the	Eng.	poets.	Lond.,	1863.	16.
	-	-	Xame.	Ne"W	York,	1863.	16.
	-	CAMPBELL,	T.	Essay	on	English	poetry.	Bos
	ton,	1819.	18.
	-	-	Same.	(In	Campbell,	T.	Brit,	poets,	v.	1.	1819.)
	-	GARY,	H.	F.	Lives	of	English	poets,	from
	Johnson	to	Kirke	White.	London,	1846.	8.
	-	GIBBER,	G.	Lives	of	the	poets	of	Gr.	Britain
	and	Ireland,	to	the	time	of	Dean	Swift.	Lon
	don,	1753.	5	v.	8.
	-	CLEVELAND,	A.	B.	Studies	in	poetry	and	verse.
	Bait.,	1832.	12.
	-	COLERIDGE,	II.	Notes	on	British	poets.	(In	his	Es
	says,	v.	2.	1851.)
	-	DE	QUINCEY,	T.	Essays	on	the	poets.	See	English
	literature	(Hist.),	p.	908.
	-	HAZLITT,	W.	Lectures	on	the	English	poets.
	Phila.,	1818.	8.
	--	Same.	2d	ed.	London,	1819.	8".
	Same.	(In	his	Miscel.	works,	v.	4.	1859.)
	-	HEY-WOOD,	T.	The	Earls	of	Derby	and	the
	verse	writers	of	the	16th	and	17th	centuries,
	Manchester,	1825.	4.
	Same.	Manchester,	1853.	4.	(Chetham	Soc.,
	v.	29.)
	-	JACOB,	G.	Poetical	register	;	lives	and	charac
	ters	of	the	English	poets	;	with	an	account
	of	their	writings.	London,	1723.	2	v.	8.
	-	JOHNSON,	S.	Lives	of	the	poets	;	and	a	criti
	cism	on	their	works.	Dublin,	1779.	8.
	-	-	Same.	Charlestown,	1810.	2	v.	8.
	-	LOWELL,	J.	R.	Conversations	on	some	of	the
	old	poets.	2d	ed.	Camb.,	1846.	12.
	-	MACDONALD,	G.	England	s	antiphon	;	[hist,	of
	English	religious	poetry,	with	selections].
	London,	[1868].	12.
	-	MASSON,	D.	Essays,	biog.	and	crit.,	chiefly	on
	English	poets.	Camb.,	1856.	8.
	-	NEELE.	H.	Lectures	on	English	poetry.	(In	his	Lit.
	remains.	1829.)
	-	PROCTER.	B.	W.	On	English	poetry-	(In	his	Essays,
	v.	2.	1853.)
	-	PUTTENHAM,	G.	The	arte	of	English	poetry	;
	ed.	by	E.	Arber.	London,	1869.	16.
	-	REED,	II.	Lectures	on	the	British	poets.	Phila.,
	1857.	2	v.	8.
	-	RITSON,	J.	Bibliographia	poetica	;	a	catalogue
	of	Eiigleish	poets	of	the	12th-16th	cent.
	London,	1802.	8.
	-	BOBBINS,	E.	Poetry	for	schools.	New	York,
	1828.	12.
	-	SHAIRP,	J.C.	Studies	in	poetry.	Edin.,	1868.	16.
	-	SOUTHEY,	K.	Essay	on	tlie	lives	and	works	of	our	un
	educated	poets.	(In	Jones,	J.	Attempts.	1831.)
	-	-	Progress	of	Eng.	poetry	from	Chaucer	to	Cowper.
	(In	Cowper,	\V.	Works,	v.	2.	1836.)
	-	TALFOURD,	T.	N.	Poetical	talent	of	the	present	age.
	(In	Pamphleteer,	1815;	v.	5	of	B	838)
	-	TUCKERMAN,	H.	T.	Thoughts	on	the	poets.
	New	ed.	New	York,	1851.	16.
	-	WARTON,	T.	History	of	English	poetry.	New
	ed.,	[by	R.	Price].	London,	1824.	4	v.	8.
	-	-	Same.	With	pref.	by	R.	Price,	and	notes
	variorum	;	ed.	by	W.	C.	Hazlitt.	London,
	1871.	4	v.	8.
	-	WILLMOTT,	R.	A.	Lives	of	the	English	sacred
	poets.	2d	ed.	London,	1839-53.	2	v.	8".
	-	WRIGHT,	T.	Anecdota	literaria.	London,
	1844.	8.
	See	(duo	English	poetical	romances	;	English	pop
	ular	literature	;	English	sonnets	;	and	the	notices
	prefixed	to	many	of	the	following	collections.
	Collections.
	ACADEMICAL	contributions	of	original	and
	translated	poetry.	Cambridge,	1795.	8.
	ANDERSON,	R.	Works	of	the	British	poets.
	London,	1795-1815.	14	v.	8.
	BATCHELDER,	S.	Poetry	of	the	bells.	[Camb.,]
	1858.	16".
	BRITISH	album	;	poems	of	Delia	Crusca,	Anna
	Matilda,	etc.	Fr.	4th	Lond.	ed.	Bost.,	1793.12.
	BRYANT,	W.	C.	Library	of	poetry	and	song.
	New	York,	1871.	8.
	BULFINCH,	S.	G.	The	harp	and	the	cross	;	re-
	lig.	poetry.	4th	ed.	Bost.,	A.U.A.,	1867.	16.
	BYSSHE,	E.	Art	of	English	poetry.	9th	ed.
	London,	1762.	2	v.	12.
	CAMPBELL,	T.	Specimens	of	the	British	poets.
	London,	1819.	7	v.	8.
	CHALMERS,	A.	Works	of	the	English	poets.
	London,	1810.	21	v.	8.
	COLLECTION	of	poems,	n.t.p.	8.	(B	643)
	COLLECTION	of	the	most	esteemed	pieces	of
	poetry,	[by	M.	Mendez,	etc.]	;	intended	as	a
	supplement	to	Dodsley.	London,	1767.	8.
	COLLEGE	rhymes	;	by	members	of	the	Univer
	sity	of	Oxford	and	Cambridge.	Vol.	2-11
	and	no.	34-40.	Oxf.,	1861-73.	10	v.	7	no.	8.
	CORSER,	T.	Collectanea	Anglo-poetica.	Man
	chester,	1860-73.	5	v.	4".	(Chetham	Soc.,
	v.	52,	55,	71,	77,	91.)
	DANA,	C.	A.	The	household	book	of	poetry.
	9th	ed.	New	York,	1864.	8.
	DODSLEY,	R.	Collection	of	poems.	London,
	1782.	6	v.	8.
	-	Fugitive	pieces.	London,	1761.	2	v.	8.
	EARLY	English	alliterative	poems	in	the	West
	Midland	dialect	of	the	14th	century	;	ed.	with
	notes	and	a	glossarial	index,	by	R.	Morris.
	London,	1864.	8.	(Early	Eng.	Text	Soc.)
	ELLIS,	G.	Specimens	of	early	English	poets.
	London,	1811.	3	v.	8.
	ENGLISH	hexameter	translations	from	Schiller,
	Goethe,	Homer,	etc.	London,	1847.	8.
	FURNIVALL,	F.	J.	Hymns	to	the	Virgin	and
	Christ,	The	Parliament	of	devils,	etc.	Lon
	don,	1867.	8.	(Early	Eng.	Text	Soc.)
	-	Early	English	poem.s	and	lives	of	saints	copied	and
	ed.	from	mss.	in	the	British	Museum.	(In	Philolog.
	Soc.	Trans.,	1858.)
	-	Political,	religious,	and	love	poems.	London,
	1866.	8.	(Early	Eng.	Text	Soc.)
	HALLECK,	F.	G.	Selections.	N.	Y.,	[18].
	2	v.	16.	(Harper	s	fam.	lib.,	v.	112,	113.)
	HALLIWELL,	J.	O.	Poetical	miscellanies.	Lon
	don,	1845.	8.	(Percy	Soc.,	v.	15.)
	HAZLITT,	W.	Select	poets	of	Great	Britain	;
	with	critical	notices.	London,	1825.	8.
	HULBERT,	C.	Choicest	flowers	of	Eng.	poetry.
	Shrewsbury,	n.d.	18.
	HUNT,	J.	H.	L.	Imagination	and	fancy	;	selec
	tions.	New	Y	r	ork,	1845.	8.
	-	Specimens	of	Brit,	poetesses.	(In	his	Men.	1847.)
	JENKS,	J.	W.	Rural	poetry	of	the	English
	language.	Boston,	1856.	8.
	LOCKER,	F.	Lyra	elegantiarum	;	vers	de	societe
	et	vers	d	occasioii.	London,	1867.	16".
	LONSDALE,	R.	E.	Friends	of	our	youth	;
	poems	by	Herrick,	Jonson,	Prior,	etc.	Lon
	don,	1853.	8.
	MACDONALD,	Q-.	England	s	antiphon.	See,	back,
	History	.
	NICHOLS,	J.	Select	collection	of	poems	with
	notes.	London,	1780-82.	8	v.	16".
	PARTON,	J.	Humorous	poetry.	Ste	English	wit.


28	German	Drama	in	English	on	Philadelphia	Stage
	i8i3."	10	The	theatres	maintained	until	long	after	1830	the
	arrangement	of	the	English	theatres	and	three	places	and	three
	prices	are	given,	seats	in	the	boxes	$1.00,	in	the	Pit	$.75	and	in
	the	Gallery	50	cents.	These	prices	were	maintained	fairly	uni
	formly	at	the	Chestnut	Street	house	until	1823,	when	for	the
	season	of	1823-24	the	Pit	was	reduced	to	50	cents,	and	the	Gal
	lery	to	25	cents.	11	Later	on	in	1827	the	price	of	the	Pit	was
	raised	again	to	75	cents,	the	Gallery	remaining,	however,	25
	cents,	the	price	also	of	the	New	Orleans	French	Company,
	which	played	a	number	of	short	seasons	at	the	Chestnut	Street
	house,	while	the	regular	company	was	away	from	home,	in	Bal
	timore	or	Washington.	When	the	theatre	opened	in	1829	under
	the	new	management	of	Pratt	and	Wemyss,	the	prices	of	Box
	$1.00,	Pit	50	cents	and	Gallery	25	cents	were	still	maintained,
	but	in	the	next	season	1829-30	there	was	a	significant	reduction
	of	seats	in	the	boxes	to	75	cents,	and	still	another	reduction	in	the
	seats	in	the	Pit	to	37^	cents.	The	decline	of	the	Chestnut
	Street	house	as	a	first	class	one	and	the	necessity	of	meeting
	the	competition	of	the	other	houses	is	apparent	in	this	particular
	also.	The	Walnut	maintained	in	1814	the	same	prices	as	the
	Chestnut,	$1.00,	75	cents	and	50	cents,	for	some	time	afterwards,
	though	in	1823	the	prices	are	given	as	boxes	50	cents,	pit	25
	cents,	and	the	same	prices	are	given	for	1827.	When	the	theatre
	opened	for	the	season	of	1827-28	as	the	"Philadelphia	Theatre,"
	the	prices	are	given:	Box	(Orchestra)	75	cents,	Box	5oc.	Pit
	37/^c.	Gallery	(a	portion	for	persons	of	colour)	25	cents,	which
	prices	were	maintained	until	1829	when	under	new	manage
	ment	they	appear	as	follows	:	boxes	75	cents,	pit	50	cents,	gal
	lery	25	cents.	These	prices	were	lowered	in	the	summer	season
	of	1829	to	boxes	50	cents,	pit	37^	cents	and	gallery	25	cents,
	with	a	few	orchestra	seats	at	75	cents,	and	in	the	winter	season
	1829-30	there	was	a	further	drop,	boxes	50	cents,	pit	25	cents
	and	gallery	i2	l	/	2	cents.	In	January	of	1830	there	was	a	re-ar
	rangement	under	the	form	of	boxes	in	first	tier	75	cents,	in	sec-
	10	Aurora,	1813.
	11	Cf.	Wood,	p.	299,	on	"Injudicious	Imitation	of	Rates	at	New	York
	Theatre."


INVENTIONS.	BUILDING,	ARCHITECTURE,	ETC.	8/
	a	Hemp	Mill,	engraved	by	Paul	Revere,	pp.	32,	i.	Boston,	1765
	Summary	View	of	the	Courses	of	Crops	in	the	husbandry	of
	England	and	Maryland,	etc.	Phila.	1784	Letter	from	Sir	Rich.
	Cox	to	T.	Prior,	she\ying	a	method	to	establish	the	Linen-
	Manufacture,	etc.	(Repr.}	Boston,	1720.	8	scarce	Tracts,	nearly	all
	uncut,	in	i	vol.,	hf.	blue	morocco.	4
	6686	Tracts.	(Am.	Inventions	and	Manufactures.)	Industry	and
	Frugality	Proposed	.	.	and	the	Linen	Manufacture	recommended.
	Boston,	1753	Treatise	on	the	Culture,	etc.	of	Pastel	or	Woad	.	.
	By	C.	P.	De	Lasteyrie.	Added,	Information	upon	.	.	Indigo.
	Trans,	by	H.	A.	S.	Dearborn,//.	140.	Boston,	1816	All	People
	Wrecked	at	Sea,	Saved.	Description	of	Machines	invented	for
	that	purpose.	By	A.	Du	Buc	Marentille.	Elizabeth-Town,	1803,
	RARE	Description	of	Clapp	s	Patented	Crank	Engine	for	raising
	and	throwing	Water,	folding	plate.	Greenfield,	1811	Description
	of	Ammi	White	s	Wooden	Suspension	Bridge,	wood	engravings.
	Cambridge,	1852	Experiments	on	Railroads,	in	England,	etc.
	Baltimore,	1829	Description	of	Ithiel	Town	s	improvement	in
	Bridges,	engravings.	New	Haven,	1821	Remarks	on	the	Rights
	of	Inventors,	etc.	Boston,	1807	J.	Rowland	s	Address	before	the
	Providence	Assoc	n	of	Mechanics	and	Manufacturers,	1810;	and
	14	others.	23	Pamphlets,	in	i	vol.,	hf.	blue	mor.	8
	6687	Valuable	Secrets	concerning	Arts	and	Trades,//.	240,	sheep.
	12	Norwich	[Conn.],	1795
	6688	TORPEDO	WAR	and	Submarine	Explosions.	By	Robert
	Fulton,//.	57,	(3),	\plates,	wants	one,	name	cut	from	head	of	title,
	VERY	SCARCE.	obi.	4	New	York,	1810
	6689	Invincible	Floating	Batteries,	including	manner	of	Using
	Torpedoes,	with	wood	cut	of	Battery	and	a	Torpedo	Discharger,
	n.	t.	p.,//.	8,	RARE.	8	New	York,	1813
	6690	HARTLEY	(David)	Account	of	the	Invention	of	Fire-Plates,	for
	the	security	of	Buildings	and	Ships	against	Fire,	//.	28,	(2),
	engraving	of	Obelisk	on	Putney	Common.	8	\London,	1785]
	BUILDING	and	ARCHITECTURE.
	6691	MAC	PACKE	(Jose)	OIKIAIA,	or	Nutshells:	being	Ichnographic
	Distributions	for	Small	Villas,	26	copper-plates,	pp.	89,	sheep.
	8	London,	1785
	6692	The	Town	and	County	Builder	s	Assistant,	etc.	Illustrated	by
	upwards	of	200	Examples,	engraved	[by	J.	Norman]	on	folio	copper
	plates,	engraved	frontispiece,	pp.	14,	and	60	plates,	sheep,	good	copy:
	autograph	of	Samuel	Gore	on	title,	folio,	Boston,	J.	Norman,	[1786]
	VERY	SCARCE.	At	the	end	of	the	Introduction,	"	The	Prices	of	Carpenter	s	Work
	in	the	Town	of	Boston,"	in	1786,	are	given,	in	detail.
	6693	The	same,	worn	copy.	Boston,	1786
	6694	BENJAMIN	(A.)	and	RAYNARD	(D.)	American	Builder	s	Companion;
	or,	a	new	System	of	Architecture,	44	engravings,	pp.	48,	stained.
	4	Boston,	1806
	6695	Villa	and	Farm	Cottages	.	.	with	designs.	By	H.	W.	Cleaveland,
	W.	Backus,	and	S.	D.	Backus,	24	designs,	and	numerous	wood-cuts.
	New	York,	1856	VAUX	(Calvert)	Villas	and	Cottages,	300
	engravings.	N.	K	1857.	2	vols.	cloth	gilt.


POETRY	(History)
	2366
	POETRY	(Gen.	works)
	ROLLIN,	C.	(In	Jiis	Method	of	teaching	and	studying
	the	belles	lettres.	1737.)
	E.OSENKRANZ,	C.	Handbuch	einer	allgemeinen
	GeschichtederPoesie.	Halle,	1832-33.	3	v.	8.
	General	toorks.
	PLATO.	lo.	See	Plato	(p.	2356-58).
	ARISTOTEI.ES.	De	arte	poetica.	Lugd.	Bat.,
	1611.	8.
	For	other	eds.	and	trans,	see	Aristoteles	(pp.
	135-36).
	HORATIUS	FLACCUS,	Q.	Ars	poetica.	London,
	1749.	8.
	Note.	For	other	eds.	and	trans,	see	Horatius	(p.	1449).
	VlDA,M.	G.	De	arte	poetica.	[1527?]	(In	Batteux,
	C.	Les	quatre	poetiques.	1771.)
	TRISSINO,	G.	G.	Delia	poetica.	[1529.]	(In	his	Tutti
	le	opere,	v.	2.	1729.)
	GOSSON,	S.	School	of	abuse	;	a	pleasant	in
	vective	against	poets,	etc.	[1579.]	London,
	1841.	8.	(Shakespeare	Soc.,	v.	2.)
	-	Schoole	of	abuse.	Apologie	of	the	Schoole	of
	abuse.	1579.	Ed.	by	E.	Arber.	London,
	1868.	12".	(Eng.	reprints,	v.	1.)
	-	Schoole	of	abuse.	(In	Somers,	J.	Col.,	v.	3.	1810.)
	WEBBE,	W.	Discourse	of	Eng.	poetrie.	1586.
	Ed.	by	E.	Arber.	London,	1870.	16.	(Eng.
	repr.,	v.	12.)
	PUTTENHAM,	G.	Arte	of	Eng.	poesie.	[1589.]
	Ed.	by	E.	Arber.	London,	1869.	12.	(Eng.
	reprints,	v.	7.)
	SIDNEY,	Sir	P.	Apologie	for	poetrie.	[1595.]
	Ed.	by	E.	Arber.	Lond.,	1868.	16.	(Eng.
	reprints,	v.	2.)
	-	Defence	of	poesy.	[1595.]	London,	1810.	4.
	-	Same.	(In	his	Miscel.	works.	1829;	and	in	Young,
	A.	Lib.	of	old	Eng.	prose	writers,	v.	2.	1831.)
	TASSO,	T.,	d.	1595.	Discorsi	del	poema	eroico.	Dis-
	corsi	dell"	arte	poetica.	(In	his	Opere,	v.	12.	1823.)
	Vossius,	G.	J.,	d.	1649.	De	artis	poeticse	natura.
	Poeticarum	inst.	De	imitatione	turn	praecipue
	poetica.	(In	his	Opera,	v.	3.	1697.)
	PELLEGRINI,	C.,	d.	1663.	II	carafa	ovvcro,	Dell	epica
	poesia,	dialogo.	(In	Tasso,	T.	Opere,	v.	2.	1735.)
	EOILEAU	DESPREAUX,	N.	L	art	poetique	;	prcc.
	des	consid.	sur	la	poetique	par	Fenelon,	des
	disc,	de	Racine	sur	la	poesie.	[1674.]	Lyon,
	1805.	18.
	-	L	art	poetique,	en	vers.	(In	his	CEnvres,	v.	2.	1772;
	v.	1.	1813;	and	in	Batteux,	C.	Lcs	quatre	poet.
	1771.)
	RACINE,	J.,	d.	1699.	Des	poemcs	didactiques.	(In
	Serieys,	A.	Bibl.	acad.,	v.	9.	1811.)
	DRYDEN,	J.,	d.	1700.	Art	of	poetry.	(In	his	Works,
	v.	15.	1808.)
	BYSSHE,	E.	Art	of	poetry.	[1702.]	9th	cd.
	London,	1762.	2	v.	12.
	Du	Bos,	J.	B.	Critical	reflections	on	poetry,
	painting,	and	music	;	tr.	by	T.	Nugent.
	[1719.]	London,	1748.	3	v.	8.
	MASSIEU,	G.,	d.	1722.	Defense	de	la	poesie.	(In
	Serieys,	A.	Bibl.	acad.,	v.	9.)
	RAPIN,	R.	Reflections	on	Aristotle	s	Treatise	of
	poesy.	(In	his	Crit.	works,	v.	2.	1731.)
	TRAIT,	J.	Praelcctiones	poetica:	.	Londini,
	1736.	2	v.	12.
	LUZAN,	I.	de.	La	poetica,	6	reglas	de	la	poesia.
	[1737.]	Madrid,	1789.	2	v.	12.
	POPE,	A.,	d.	1744.	Discourse	on	pastoral	poetry.	(In
	his	Works,	v.	1.	1806.)
	FONTENELLE,	B.	le	B.	de,	d.	1757.	Reflexions	sur	la
	poetique.	(In	his	CEuvres,	v.	4.	1825.)	Sur	la
	poesie.	(In	v.	5.)
	NEWBURY,	J.	Art	of	poetry	on	a	new	plan.
	London,	1761-62.	2	v.	12.
	MASON,	J.	Essays	on	poetical	and	prosaic
	numbers.	2d	ed.	London,	1761.	8.
	BEATTIE,	J.	On	poetry	and	music,	as	they	effect	the
	mind.	1762.	(In	his	Works,	v.	4-6.	1809.)
	LF.SSING,	G.	E.	Lnokoon.	oder	ilber	die	Grenzen	der
	Malerey	und	Poesie.	[1767.]	(In	his	Siimmtliche
	Schrift.,	v.	9.	1819.)
	MERIAN,	J.	B.	Comment	les	sciences	influent	dans
	la	poesie.	(In	Berlin.	Ak.	d.	Wiss.	Abb.,	1776,
	78,	81,	84,	86.	90-91.)
	-	Same,	extract.	(In	Serieys,	A.	Bibl.	acad.,	v.	8,
	9.	1811.)
	HLRD,	f	ev.	R.	Idea	of	universal	poetry.	(In	Hora
	tius	Flaccus,	Q.	Epistola?,	v.	2.	1776.)	Marks	of
	imitation.	(In	v.	3.)
	STEELK,	Sir	R.	Art	of	poetry.	(In	ftis	Youth	s	pre
	ceptor.	1782.)
	PREVOST,	P.	Quelle	est	la	cause	du	plaisir	qu	excite
	en	nous	la	poesie.	(In	Berlin.	Ak.	d.	Wiss.	Abh.,
	1785.)
	PRESTON,	W.	Thoughts	on	lyric	poetry,	[with	an]
	irregular	ode	to	the	moon.	(In	Roy.	Irish	Acad.
	Trans.,	v.	1.	1787.)
	SCHLEGEL,	A.	W.	von.	Briefe	ilber	Poesie,	Silben-
	mass,	und	Sprache.	1795.	(In	his	Sammt.	Werke,
	v.	7.	1846.)
	THOMAS,	A.	L.	Traito	de	la	langue	poetique.	(In
	ftis	CEnvres,	v.	7.	1802.)
	MARENCO,	V.	Delia	natura	poetica.	(In	Turin.	Ac.
	d.	Sci.	Mem.,	v.	13.	1803.)
	DEPEUET,	G.	Reflexions	sur	les	divers	systemes	de
	versification,	tendentes	a	prouver	qu	on	ne	pent
	introduire,	avec	succes,	dans	la	poesie	francaise,	les
	regies	prosodiqnes	des	Grecs	et	des	Latins.	(In
	Turin.	Ac.	d.	Sci.	Mem.,v.	15.	1805.)
	SCHILLER,	J.	C.	F.	von.,	d.,	1805.	Ueber	naive	und
	sentimentalische	Dichtung.	(In	his	Werke,	v.	12.
	1867.)
	ENGEL,	J.	J.	Theorie	der	Dichtungsarten.	(In	his
	Schriften,	v.	11.	1806.1
	THIF.BAULT,	D.,	d.	1807.)	Mem.	sur	cette	ques
	tion,	La	langue	d	un	peuple,	qtiel	qu	il	soil,
	est	plutot	propre	a	la	poesie	qu	a	la	prose.	(In
	Serieys,	A.	Bibl.	acad.,v.	11.	1811.)
	COPLESTON,	E.	Prtclectiones	academicse.	[1813.]
	Ed.	alt.	rev.	Oxonii,	1828.	8.
	SCOPPA,	A.,	abbate.	Des	beautes	poctiques	de
	toutes	les	languages.	[1815.]	Paris,	1816.	8.
	TALFOUUr),	T.	N.	Attempt	to	estimate	the	poetical
	talent	of	the	present	age	incl.	a	sketch	of	the	hist.
	of	poetry.	(In	Pamphleteer,	1815	;	v.	5	of	B	838)
	EDGEVORTH,	M.	and	R.	L.	Headings	on	po
	etry.	Boston,	1816.	18.
	BOWLES,	W.	L.	Letters	to	T.	Campbell,	as	regards
	poetical	criticism.	2d	cd.	(In	Pamphleteer,	1822	;
	v.	20	of	B	838)
	SHELLEY,	P.	B.,	d.	1S22.	Defense	on	poetry.	(In	his
	Essays,	v.	1.	1840.)
	SCHLEGEL,	F.	von.	d.	1829.	Kritik	und	Tbcorie	der
	alien	und	neuen	Poesie.	(In	his	Sammt.	Werke,
	v.	5.	1846.)
	MONTGOMERY,	J.	Lectures	on	poetry	and	gen
	eral	literature,	in	1830-31.	Lond	.,	1833.	8.
	-Same.	N.	Y.,	1846.	18.	(Harper	s	fain,	lib.)
	HEGEL,	J.	W.	F.,	d.	1831.	La	poetique	;	avcc
	preface,	examen	critique,	etc.,	par	C.	Benard.
	Paris,	1855.	2	v.	8.
	Tlrr.HES,	J.	Poetry-	(/	Smedley,	E.,	and	others.
	Encyc.	motrop.,	v.	5.	1845.)
	HUNT,	J.	If.	L.	Essay	in	answer	to	What	is	poetry	?
	(In	his	Imagination	and	fancy.	1845.)
	PROCTER,	B.	W.	Defence	of	poetry.	(In	his	Essay,
	v.	2.	1853.)
	CARRIERS,	M.	Das	Wesen	und	die	Formen
	der	Poesie.	Lpz.,	1854.	8.
	DAUMF.R,	G.	F.	Poetische	Ziigaben	aus	verschiedenen
	Volkern	und	LUndern.	(	In	his	Ilatis.	1856.)
	MASSON,	D.	Theories	of	poetry.	(In	his	Essays.
	1856.)
	WILSON,,!.	An	hour	s	talk	about	poetry.	(In	his
	Recreations	of	Christopher	North,	v.	1.	1857.)
	EASTLAKE,	C.	L.	Characteristic	difference	between
	the	formative	arts	and	descriptive	poetry.	1859.	(In
	his	Lit.	of	the	fine	arts,	v.	2.	1870.)
	RENAN,	E.	La	poesie	des	races	celtiques.	1859.	(In
	his	Essais,	1860.)
	MILL.	J.	S.	Thoughts	on	poetry	and	its	varieties.
	(In	his	Dies.,	v.	1.	1859.)
	ROBERTSON,	F.	W.	Two	lectures	on	the	influence	of
	poetry	on	the	working	classes.	(In	his	Lectures.
	1859.)
	KENNEDY,	E.	On	the	principles	and	uses	of	allitera
	tion	in	poetry.	(In	Afternoon	lectures,	3d	ser.1865.)


POETRY
	2367
	POINT
	-	DOYLE,	Sir	F.	H.,	Bart.	Lectures	before	the
	Univ.	of	Oxford,	1868.	London,	1869.	8.
	NEWMAN,	F.	W.	Lectures	on	poetry.	(In	his	Miscel.
	1869.)
	Dictionary,
	-	VANIERE,	J.	Dictionarium	poeticum.	Lugd.,
	1722.	4.
	Set	also	Ballads	;	Bucolie	poetry	;	Centos	;
	Eclogues	;	Epic	poetry	;	Hymns	;	Macaronic
	poetry	;	Minne-singers	;	Rhymes;	Romances	;
	Songs	;	Versification.
	For	collections	ami	histories	of	poetry	in	various	lan
	guages	tire	English	poetry	(pp.	912-14);	Hebrew
	literature	(p.	1376);	Latin	poetry	(p.	1682);	Ori
	ental	literature	(p.	2189)	;	also	the	division	Literature
	(Poetry)	under	the	various	countries,	as	France	(p.	1058);
	Germany	(p.	1141);	Greece	(p.	1266-67);	Italy
	(p.	1548-4	J)	;	United	States.
	Poetry	of	love	;	selection	of	the	poets	of	the	16th
	and	17th	cent.	London,	1844.	16.
	Poetry	of	printing.	Boston,	1842.	32.
	Poetry	of	science.	See	Hunt,	K.
	Poetry	of	the	Anti-Jacobin.	4th	ed.	See	Anti-Jacobin
	(p.	112).
	Poetry	of	the	passions.	London,	1840.	18.
	Poetry	of	the	sentiments.	London,	1841.	18.
	Poets.	HII.I.AKD,	G.	S.	Relation	of	the	poet	to
	his	age;	disc,	before	the	Phi	Beta	Kappa	Soc.	of
	Harvard	College,	Aug.	24.	Boat.,	1843.	8.	(B1181)
	Same.	2d	ed.	Boston,	1843.	8.	(B	1181)
	JAMESON,	A.	M.	Memoirs	of	the	loves	of	the
	poets.	Boston,	1833.	2	v.	8.
	-	KRASICKI,	I.	O	rymotworstwie	i	rymotworeneh.	(Vol.
	3	of	his	Pzieta,	1840.	Bobrowicz,	J.	Bibl.,	v.	3.)
	-	PAULI,	F.	\Vegweiser	fiir	Freunde	der	Poesie.
	Lpz.,	1806.	8".	(Biographieen.)
	Note	.	For	lives	of	the	poets	in	any	language	gee	Eng
	lish	poetry	(912-13);	Latin	poetry	(p.	16S2);	also
	the	division	Literature	(Poetry)	under	the	various	conn,
	tries,	as	Europe.	Literature	(p.	941);	France.	Poetry
	(p.	1058)	;	Greece.	Poetry	(p.	1266-67)	;	Scotland	;
	United	States.
	Poets	laureate.	AUSTIN,	W.	S.,	Jr.,	and	J.	R.
	The	lives	of	the	poets-laureate;	with	an
	introd.	essay	on	the	title	and	office.	Lond.,
	18-53.	8.
	Du	RESNEL,	J.	F.	du	B.,	Vabbe.	Bur	les	poetes	con-
	ro	nnes.	(In	Serieys,	A.	Bibl.	acad.,	v.	10.	1811.)
	-	LANCETTI,	V.	Memorie	int.	ai	poeti	laureati
	d	ogni	tempo	e	d	ogni	nazione.	Milano,
	1839.	8.
	Note.	For	lives	and	works	of	the	poets	laureate	see
	their	names:	Cibber,	C.	;	Davenant,	Sir	W.	;
	Dryden,	J.;	Eusden,	L.	;	Jonson,	15.	;	Pye,	II.
	J.	;	Rowe,	N.	;	Shadwell,	T.	;	Southey,	K.	;
	Tate,	N.	;	Tennyson,	A.	;	Warton,	T.	;	White-
	head,	W.	;	Wordsworth,	W.
	Poey,	Andres.	Antiquities	of	Cuba.	(In	Amer.	Ethnolog.
	Soc.	Trans.,	v.	3,	pt.	1.	1853.)	Probable	increase
	in	the	number	of	bail	storms	in	Cuba,	esp.	1844-54.
	(In	Proc.,	v.	8.	1855.)
	Poggendorf,	Johann	Christian.	Biog.-literarisches
	Handworterbuch	zur	Geschichte	der	exacten
	"Wissenschaften.	Lpz.,	[1858-J63.	2	v.	8.
	Contmts.	Vol.1.	A-L.	2.	M-Z.
	Poggi,	Enrico.	Intorno	alia	storia	e	collezione	delle	leggi
	riferibili	all	agricoltura	del	Padovano.	(In	Ar-
	chivio	stor.	Hal.,	n.n.,	v.	4,	pt.	1.	1H56.)	Origin!	c
	vicende	dei	feudi	in	italia.	(hi	\.	6,	pt.	2.	1857.)
	Delia	legislazione	italiann.	(In	v.	8,	pt.	2.	1858.)
	Poggi,	Francesco.	Elogio	di	8.	Dnrazzn.	(hi	Grille,	L.
	Elogi	di	Lig.,	v.	2.	1846.)	Elogio	di	G.	Spotorno.
	(In	v.	3.	1846.)
	Illust.	al	viaggio	al	Afonte	Sinai	di	8.	Sigoli.	(In
	Sigoli,	8.	Viag.	1829.)
	Poggiale,	Gactano.	Serie	dei	testi	di	lingua	posse-
	dutada	P.	Livorno,	1813.	2	v.	8.
	Poggiali,	Cristoforo.	Memorie	per	la	storia	lette-
	raria	di	Piacenza.	Piacenza,	1799.	2	v.	4.
	Poggio	Bracciolini,	Giovanni	Francesco.	Dialo
	gue,	An	seni	sit	uxor	ducenda	;	ed.	G.
	Shepherd.	Liverpoolue,	1807.	8.
	Fables.	(In	L	Estrange,	Sir	R.	Fables,	etc.,	1692.)
	De	fortune	varietate	urbis	Horn	at	et	de	ruinu	ejusdem
	descriptio.	(In	Sallengre,	A.	II.	Nov.	thes.	antiu.
	Kom.,	v.	1.	1716.)
	Ilistoria	Florentina.	(In	Grwvius.	Thes.	antiq.	Ital.,
	v.	8.	1723;	and	in	Muratori,	Her.	Ital.	scr.,	v.	20.
	1731.)
	Testamento.	(In	Giornale	degli	archivi	toscani.	v.	2.
	1858.)
	Travels	of	X.	Conti	in	the	Kast	in	15th	cent.	;	tr.	by	J.
	W.	Jones.	(In	Major,	H.	II.	India	in	the	15th
	cent.	1857.	Hakluyt	Soc.,	v.	22.)
	-	LENFANT,	J.	Poggiana,	ou	La	vie	et	bon
	mots	de	Pogge.	Amst.,	1720.	2	v.	16.
	NICEKON,	J.	P.	(In	his	Mem.,	v.9.	1729;	and,	Germ.,
	v.	10.	1754.)
	RECANETO,	G.	B.	Vita	P.	(In	Muratori.	Her.	Ital.
	scr.,	v.	20.	1731.)
	SALI.ENGRE,	A.	H.	(In	his	Mem.	de	lit.,	v.	1.	1717.)
	-	SHEPHERD,	W.	Life	of	P.	Liverpool,	1802.	4.
	Poggio-Bracciolini,	Jacopo.	Vita	di	F.	Scolari	;	tr.	da	B.
	Fortini.	(In	Archivio	stor.	Ital..	v.	4.,	pt.	1.	1843.)
	Poggiolini,	Oiiiseppinn.	La	sera.	Le	memorie	dell	irifan-
	zia.	La	Zingara.	La	Sorrentina.	Preghiera.
	(In	Poeti	Ital.	1843.)
	Poggiolini,	Roberto.	Lacetra;	rime.	Venetia,	1613.
	16.
	Pohlman,	Rev.	Henry	N.,	and	others.	Memorial
	vol.	of	the	semi-cent,	anniv.	of	Hartwick
	Seminary,	Aug.	21,	1866.	Albany,	1867.	8.
	Contents.	Smith,	C.	A.	Introduction.	Pohlman,
	II.	N.	Historical	address.	Hull,	W.	Poem.
	Smith,	C.	A.	Biography	of	Rev.	E.	L.	Hazelius.
	Killer,	Mrs.	II.	Biography	of	G.	B.	Miller.	Smith,
	C.	A.	Hartwick	and	its	surroundings.	Adelberg,	H.
	Golden	wedding	of	Kev.	Dr.	and	Mrs.	Miller.	Docu
	ments	rel.	to	the	hist,	of	Hartwick	Seminary.
	Poignee	de	verite,	Une	;	par	A.	Karr.	Paris,	1857.
	12.
	Poincy,	Louis	de.	Ilistoire	nat.	et	morale	des	lies	Antilles.
	See.	Rochefort,	C.	de.
	Poindexter,	George.	Speech	on	the	revenue	col.	bill.	(In
	Political	register,	suppl.,	1833.	B	1495^
	Speech	on	the	Seminole	war.	n.t.p.	[1819.]	12.	(B527)
	Poinsett,	Joel	Roberts,	LL.	D.	Discourse	on	the
	objects,	etc..	of	the	Nat.	Inst.	for	the	Prom,	of	Sci.
	established	at	Washington,	1840,	first	anniv.	Wash.,
	1841.	8.	(B	1171,	1186,	1583,	1652^
	New	products	for	the	South,	(fn	De	Bow,	J.	D.	B.
	Industrial	resources,	v.	1.	1852.)
	-	Notes	on	Mexico.	1822.	Phila.,	1824.	8.
	Same.	London,	1825.	8.
	Substance	of	a	speech,	Oct.	5.	Charleston,	1832.	8.
	(B	1067)
	LA	BOQOETTXi	de.	Notice	biog.	Bur	M.	le	col.
	Poinsett.	(In	Paris.	Soc.	de	Geog.	Bui.,	4e	ser.,
	v.	7.	1854.)
	SKETCH.]	tin	Longacre,	J.	B.,rmrZ	Herring,	J.	Nat.
	portr.	gal.,	v.	1.	1837.)
	ZAVAI-A,	L.	de.	Manifiesto	de	los	principles	pollticos
	[de]	P.	Mexico,	1828.	8.	(B	1848)
	Poinsinet,	Antoine	Alexandrc	Henri.	Le	cercle,	ou	La
	soiree	a	la	mode.	Paris,	1770.	8.	(C	292)
	Same,	(hi	Le	Texier,	.	Receuil,	v.	3.	1785;
	and	in	Petitot,	C.	B.	Theatre,	v.	23.	1818.)
	Poinsinet	de	Sivry,	Louis.	Briseis.	ou	La	co!6rc
	d	Achille;	tragedie.	(In	Petitot,	C.	B.	Theatre,
	v.	6.	1817.)
	Recherches	sur	la	science	des	mcdailles,	in
	scriptions,	etc.	Maastricht,	1778.	4.
	Poinsot,	Antoine	Edmond	(pseud.	Georges	d	Heil-
	ly).	Dictionnaire	des	pseudonymcs.	Paris,
	1868.	18.
	Journal	du	siege	de	Paris.	Paris,	[1871-74].
	3	v.	8.
	-	Morts	royales.	Paris,	1867.	18.
	Contents.	Louis	xiv.	Madame	de	Muintenon.
	Pierre	III.	Louis	XV.	Gustavo	III.	Catherine	II.
	Paul	I.	Napoleon	I.	Louia	xvill.	Napoleon	II.
	Marie-	Amelle.
	Point	d	honnenr,	Le;	comedie.	See	Le	Sage,	A.	R.


CONTENTS.
	CHAPTER	I.
	DIET.
	Dietetic	abuses	the	principal	cause	of	human	degeneration	Physio-
	logical	effects	Redeeming	influences	Hygienic	regeneration
	The	safeguards	of	Nature	Simple	tastes	of	children	Their
	study	as	a	dietetic	criterion	Stimulants	Their	repulsiveness
	to	normal	men	Infantine	diet	Milk	Best	substitutes	Wean-
	ing	Wet-nurses	The	nurses	of	the	Pays	de	Vaud	Argyll
	peasants	Ionian	Islanders	Baby-food	Xenophtm's	recipe
	Hygienic	precautions	Man-food	Haller's	definition	Natural,
	artificial,	and	anti-natural	diet	Common	errors	Peptic	stimu-
	lants	Spicing	and	cooking	Concentrated	food	Objections	to
	Biological	conjecture	Perfect	health	Uncooked	food	Ex-
	perience	of	French	soldiers	Vegetable	diet	Its	great	variety
	Semi-animal	food	Eggs,	milk,	and	butter	Cheese	Objec-
	tions	to	Brewer's	yeast	Fastidiousness	Inconsistencies	of
	dietetic	purists	Best	food	for	various	climates	For	different
	seasons	Summer	diet	Frugivorous	nations	Fresh	fruit
	Hygienic	value	of	Frugality	Its	original	meaning	The	regi-
	men	of	the	Cyropsedia	Roman	dinners	Cornaro	Dietetic
	reformers	Lacour,	the	'longshoreman	"	quatorze	oignons	"
	Commissariat	of	Turkish	soldiers	Carlists	Experience	of	a
	newspaper	correspondent	Bread	as	an	exclusive	diet	Silvio
	Pellicc	The	prisoners	of	the	Khedive	Russian	convicts	The
	story	of	Nebuchadnezzar	Polenta-meal	Diet	of	a	Corsican
	farmer	Marvels	of	abstinence	The	soldiers	of	Lucknow
	Shamyl	Grecian	philosophers	Lycurgus	Spartan	soup	Phil-
	osophic	symposia	The	Mosaic	health-code	Strange	prejudices
	Dietetic	predilections	Papuan	tidbits	Locust-caters	Pan-
	dc-monte	Clay-eaters	Cannibalism	The	Borneo	Dyaks	An
	Algerian	anthropophage	Dr.	Alcott's	suggestion	Flesh-food
	Popular	fallacies	Cold	climate	Vegetable	fat	vs.	meat	Vege-
	tarian	athletes	Vegetable	diet	as	a	brain-food	Illustrations
	Animal	diet	Its	physical	and	mental	influence	Man	a	frugiv-
	orous	animal	Stimulants	The	poison-habit	Stimulants	and
	poisons	as	synonymous	terms	Unnatural	habits	The	secret	of


ANALYSIS	OF	EXPRESSION.	259
	expression	of	the	abstract	thing,	happiness,	in	terms
	of	nerve-muscular	signs,	we	find	material	problems
	to	deal	with	capable	of	physical	investigation.
	John	Bulwer's*	descriptions	of	expression	were
	given	in	terms	of	nerve-muscular	signs.
	In	Bell's	account	of	joy,	the	first	paragraph	is
	in	terms	of	nerve-muscular	movements;	then	comes
	the	paragraph,	"	the	eye	full,	lively,	and	sparkling."
	This	is	an	artistic	expression	I	fail	to	analyze.	Does
	the	"full	eye"	mean	a	condition	of	parts	outside
	the	eye	?	Does	the	term	"	lively	"	apply	to	a	mus-
	cular	condition	?	Does	the	"	sparkling	"	eye	depend
	on	tension	due	to	muscular	action	?	I	trust	that
	further	knowledge	may	enable	us	to	include	these
	under	our	principles	of	expression.
	Analyzing	Bell's	description,	we	find,	then,	that
	with	the	exception	of	one	paragraph	the	terms
	used	are	all	movements	and	results	of	movements.
	What	good,	what	advantage	is	there	in	these
	special	modes	of	describing	what	we	see	?	Our
	modes	of	description	are	such	as	allow	of	compari-
	sons	being	made.	We	translate	abstract	quantities
	such	as	"joy	"	into	concrete	terms,	such	as	nerve-
	muscular	signs,	or	conditions	of	form	or	development.
	We	translate	the	terms	used	to	describe	the	abstract
	property	into	other	terms	the	expression	of	the
	abstract.	The	term	"happiness"	is	a	word	in^
	tended	to	indicate	a	certain	condition	of	feeling
	which	we	all	more	or	less	understand;	the	thing
	happiness	in	the	abstract	is	an	abstraction,	it	has
	no	material	existence	as	an	entity	;	but	if	we	can
	*	See	chap,	xviii.,	p.	323.


"WHEN,	LOOKING	DEEPLY	IN	THY
	FACE."
	WHEN,	looking	deeply	in	thy	face,
	I	catch	the	undergleam	of	grace
	That	grows	beneath	the	outward	glance,
	Long	looking,	lost	as	in	a	trance
	Of	long	desires	that	fleet	and	meet
	Around	me	like	the	fresh	and	sweet
	White	showers	of	rain	which,	vanishing,
	'Neath	heaven's	blue	arches	whirl,	in	spring	;
	Suddenly	then	I	seem	to	know
	Of	some	new	fountain's	overflow
	In	grassy	basins,	with	a	sound
	That	leads	my	fancy,	past	all	bound,
	Into	a	region	of	retreat
	From	this	my	life's	bewildered	heat.
	Oh	if	my	soul	might	always	draw
	From	those	deep	fountains	full	of	awe,
	The	current	of	my	days	should	rise
	Unto	the	level	of	thine	eyes	!


INDEX	NIETZSCHE
	those	conditions	suggested,	vi.	170	;	the	exalting
	and	inspiring	effect	of	the	belief	in	superhuman
	powers,	170;	and	nullity,	171;	its	rise,	215;
	and	the	voice	of	history,	216;	in	conflict	with
	the	ideal	state,	218.
	Genius,	and	talent,	vii.	79	;	in	what	it	lies,	99	;	the	injustice
	of,	102	;	what	it	is,	170	;	its	use,	177.
	no	"Providence"	for	genius,	viii.	185	;	the	work	of
	breeding,	187.
	the	tincture	of	insanity	in,	ix.	21;	the	contradiction
	incarnate	and	animated	in,	248;	its	purifying	eye,
	347	;	its	moral	insanity,	364	;	the	valuation	of,
	379-
	requisites	of,	xii.	86	\	in	nations,	the	"engendering	"
	and	"	fructifying,"	205-6.
	characteristics	of	English,	French,	German,	and	Italian
	national	genius,	xv.	269-70.
	Nietzsche	s	concept	of,	xvi.	101.
	Genius,	the,	his	suffering	and	its	value,	vi.	160.
	the	only	man	who	can	truly	value	and	deny	life,	viii.
	189.
	his	relation	to	the	average	scientific	man,	xii.	138	;	the
	two	kinds	of	the	"	engenderer	"	and	the
	"	fructifyer,"	205-6.
	his	relationship	to	his	age,	xvi.	102	;	his	characteris
	tics,	103.
	Genius	of	the	heart	,	the,	xii.	260.
	Genoa,	the	city	and	its	builders,	x.	225.
	Nietzsche	s	first	winter	in,	and	The	Dawn	of	Day	^	xvii.
	10	;	The	Dawn	of	Day	written	near,	92;	Nietz
	sche	an	invalid	at,	103.
	The	volumes	referred	to	under	numbers	are	as	follow	:	I,	Birth
	of	Tragedy.	II,	Early	Greek	Philosophy.	Ill,	Future	of	Educa
	tional	Institutions.	IV,	Thoughts	out	of	Season,	i.	V,	Thoughts	out
	of	Season,	ii.	VI,	Human,	all-too-Human,	i.	VII,	Human,	ail-too-
	100


IROOUOIS	USES	OF	MAI2E	ICQ
	been	cultivated	but	little	before	the	colonial	period.	After	and	dur-
	ing	that	time	however	the	Iroquois	began	to	plant	potatoes	in	increas-
	ing	quantities	until	now	as	a	food	they	are	consumed	in	greater
	quantities	than	corn.	To-	give	the	Indian	method	of	preparing	po-
	tatoes	-	for	food	now	would	be	merely	to	repeat	what	every	modern
	cookbook	gives.	Their	favorite	recipes,	however,	were	potato	soup,
	boiled	and	baked	potatoes.	Distinctive	flavoring	was	given	by	mixing
	in	bear	oil,	sunflower	oil	and	w	r	hite	ashes.	Potatoes	were	sometimes
	dried	and	made	into	a	flour:
	The	Seneca	cultivated	the	potato	long	before	the	Revolutionary
	War.	To	them	it	was	known	as	onon'nonda'	while	groundnuts
	were	often	called	onon'nonda'oii'we	11	,	original	potatoes.
	The	root	of	Solomon's	seal	is	said	to	have	been	used	for	food.
	The	mature	roots	were	gathered	in	the	fall,	dried,	pounded	and
	worked	up	into	bread.	Harris	cites	that	a	Seneca	Indian	in	passing
	through	Highland	Park,	Rochester,	called	the	attention	of	his	white
	companion	John	Nott	to	the	plant	saying	it	was	once	highly	prized
	for	its	root.
	The	roots	of	skunk	cabbage	Lyiuplocarpiis	foetid	us	were	also	used
	being	dried	and	pulverized.	Harris	says	it	was	sometimes	roasted
	or	baked	to	extract	its	juice.	The	modern	Seneca	call	it	bear	root.
	The	stalk	of	the	milkweed	rises	-from	a	tuberous	root	of	consider-
	able	size.	Western	Indians	it	is	said	boil	these	roots	for	food.	One
	writer	1	says	that	the	Sioux	gather	the	roots	early	in	the	morning
	while	the	dew	is	on	the	plant	and	prepare	a	crude	sugar	from	them,
	lie	also	states	that	the	young	seed	pods	are	eaten	after	boiling	them
	with	buffalo	meat	and	that	the	young	stalks	were	used	as	white	men
	use	asparagus.
	"Wild	rice	was	an	important	food	of	the	Indians	of	the	eastern
	portion	of	the	continent,	especially	along	the	great	lakes	and	the
	Mississippi	valley.	It	was	little	used	by	the	Iroquois	however,
	although	there	are	records	of	its	employment.	The	Seneca	some	40
	years	ago	gathered	a	great	quantity	of	it	but	the	writer	does	not
	know	of	its	use	subsequently.
	1	Palmer,	Dr	E.	U.	S.	Agric.	Com'n	Rep't	1870,	p.	405.


466	APPENDIX	N.
	passed	to	the	conqueror	the	king	no	estate	passed	at
	all,	and	the	whole	district	would	be	administered	by	offi-
	cials	whose	office	and	prerogatives	would	alone	become
	hereditary.*
	The	laws	of	the	Cymri	disclose	institutions	similar	at
	once	and	different,	not	a	little	resembling	the	state	of
	society	amongst	the	Lombards	when	the	Primus	and	the
	Gasindius	maximtis	the	head	of	the	lineage	and	the
	official	noble	of	the	highest	class	stood	side	by	side,	a
	state	of	society	which	may	have	existed	at	some	earlier
	period	amongst	the	Scottish	Gael.	Half	the	Cymmud
	seems	to	have	been	allodial,	held	by	Breyrs,	the	repeated
	divisions	and	subdivisions	of	property	disclosing	the	prin-
	ciple	of	joint-occupancy	between	the	Breyr	and	his	Aelodeu,
	or	kinsmen	within	the	fourth	degree,	rather	than	the	fixed
	and	absolute	property	of	each	individual	in	any	one	spot
	of	land.	The	remaining	half	was	fiscal,	held	by	the	royal
	officials	and	Alltudion,	the	latter	only	acquiring	by	descent
	a	right	to	remain	in	their	respective	cottages,	and	cultivate
	in	common	the	district	to	which	they	were	attached,	whilst
	there	is	no	direct	evidence	that	the	offices	of	Maer	and
	*	The	intermediate	or	tributary	state	have	probably	enabled	him,	as	his	race
	is	exemplified	in	the	case	of	"the	increased	in	numbers	and	power,	to
	O'Driscoll."	According	to	the	old	make	over	"	the	country	of	Collimore	"
	custom	the	eldest	of	the	race	succeeded	to	one	of	his	own	kinsmen	;	in	which
	to	the	property,	MacCarthy	More	case	the	representative	of	the	old	line	of
	giving	him	on	the	occasion	of	his	sue-	kings	of	the	alien	race	of	"	Clan	Dhair-
	cession	a	rod	in	token	of	seizin,	after	fine"	would	have	been	reduced	to	the
	which	he	was	obeyed	as	lord	of	the	condition	of	a	Biatagh,	or	tenant-farmer
	country	of	Collimore,	paying	a	certain	on	his	own	property.	Such	changes
	rent	and	service	to	the	MacCarthy.	must	have	not	been	unfrequent,	and	an
	The	O'Driscolls	had	originally	been	attempt	of	this	description	appears	to
	independent	of	the	MacCarthies.	This	have	been	made	by	a	junior	branch	of
	state	of	affairs	was	ended	by	Sir	Finan	the	O'Dubdha,	which,	after	first	ex-
	O'Driscoll	"	taking	his	lands	by	letters	eluding	the	elder	line	of	O'Caemhan
	patent	from	Queen	Elizabeth	;"	and	in	from	the	chieftainship	of	Hy	Fiachrach,
	a	similar	manner	the	charter	had	super-	next	tried	to	deprive	them	of	their
	seded	the	earlier	form	of	tenure	in	lands,	or	rather	of	their	due	has	right,
	many	another	locality	besides	Ireland,	and	thus	i-educe	them	to	the	condition
	In	the	older	state	of	society,	the	law	of	of	tributary	Zta^r-clans.	(MiscelL	Celt.
	"might	makes	right,"	by	which	the	Soc.,	Ap.	D,	note.	Hy	Fiachrach,
	MacCarthy	had	originally	reduced	pp.	109,	253.)
	O'Driscoll	to	this	dependance,	would


498
	BILL	OF	RIGHTS.
	[69th	day.
	Thursday,]
	MILLER	BIIIGGS.
	[July	28th.
	against	what	would	be	considered	law	by	the
	best	judges	in	the	land	;	the	judge	has	no	right	to
	83t	aside	that	judgment.
	Again,	suppose	the	judge	should	charge	against
	the	prisoner	;	and,	suppose,	in	the	opinion	of	all
	the	other	judges	in	the	country,	he	charged	the
	jury	wrong	;	but,	suppose	that	upon	that	charge
	the	jury	should	convict	the	prisoner,	there	is	no
	way	in	which	that	error	can	be	corrected,	and	the
	prisoner	must	therefore	suffer	the	penalty	of	the	law
	wrongly	administered.	I	hold	that	the	adop
	tion	of	this	principle	will	have	the	effect	to	take
	away	one	of	the	private	rights	of	the	individual
	citizen.	It	will	have	directly	the	opposite	effect
	from	that	intended	by	the	mover.	If	it	is	inserted
	into	the	Constitution,	its	practical	operation	will
	be	to	render	the	security	of	every	person	less
	safe	than	it	is^under	the	Constitution	as	it	now
	stands.
	I	have	a	word	to	say	in	relation	to	what	the	law
	is	now.	The	courts	say	in	their	decisions	and	it
	is	now	the	law	of	the	community	that	the	jury
	must	take	the	law	from	the	court,	but	they	are
	not	bound	by	it.	They	are	to	consider	it	as	de
	livered	by	the	court	;	but	still,	they	have	the	right
	to	decide	the	law,	as	well	as	the	fact.	But	if	the
	jury	convict	upon	a	wrong	construction	of	law,
	the	court	has	the	power	to	set	the	verdict	aside.
	It	seems	to	me,	therefore,	that	the	community
	have	greater	security	under	the	Constitution
	as	it	now	stands,	than	they	will	have	under	the
	provision	which	it	is	now	proposed	to	adopt.	I
	shall,	therefore,	for	this	reason,	vote	against	the
	passage	of	the	resolve.
	Mr.	BBIGGS,	of	Pittsfield.	I	understand	the
	ground	upon	which	this	provision	is	put,	is	to
	increase	the	security	and	safety	of	the	citizen.	It
	is	said	that	the	courts,	even	in	our	country,	and
	in	this	Commonwealth,	are	constantly	encroach
	ing	upon	the	rights	of	the	jury.	I	believe	one
	gentleman	said,	that	in	this	respect,	the	courts
	had	usurped	powers	which	did	not	belong	to
	them.	Now,	I	confess,	it	would	be	strange	to
	me	if	this	was	so.	In	the	name	of	common	sense,
	what	motive	is	there	for	the	court	to	intrench
	upon	the	jurisdiction	or	vested	rights	of	the	jury	?
	What	possible	interest	or	gratification	would	it	be
	fcr	the	court	to	take	from	the	jury	a	responsibility
	and	right,	which	belongs	to	them	?
	Sir,	the	law	favors	the	prisoner,	and	the	courts
	favor	the	prisoner.	By	the	present	law,	every
	decision	of	the	judge,	from	the	beginning	to	the
	end	of	the	trial,	in	favor	of	the	prisoner,	is	final.
	The	prosecuting	officer	may	be	ever	so	much	dis
	satisfied	with	the	decision	;	he	may	feel	ever	so
	strongly	that	the	judge	is	mistaken,	the	decision
	is	final,	and	cannot	be	appealed	from.	Yet,
	if	the	judge,	during	the	progress	of	the	trial,
	makes	any	decision	against	the	prisoner,	the
	prisoner	s	counsel	has	the	right	to	object	to	it,	and
	he	has	the	right	to	appeal	to	the	highest	judicial
	tribunal	in	the	Commonwealth,	to	test	its	correct
	ness.	If	in	charging	the	jury,	the	judge	charges
	in	favor	of	the	prisoner,	and	the	jury	acquit	him,
	that	is	the	end	of	the	matter	;	but,	if	the	judge
	charges	them	against	the	prisoner,	and	expounds
	the	law	wrongly,	and	upon	it	they	convict	the
	defendant,	exceptions	may	be	taken,	the	matter
	tested	before	the	highest	judicial	tribunal,	the
	error	corrected,	and	the	prisoner	allowed	the
	benefit	of	another	trial.	So	that	gentlemen	must
	see	that	under	the	present	law,	everything	goes
	to	assert	and	carry	out	that	great	principle	of
	humanity,	as	well	as	law,	that	every	person	is
	deemed	to	be	innocent	until	proved	to	be	guilty.
	That	is	the	law	of	the	land.
	There	is	one	instance	upon	our	records,	within
	my	recollection,	where	this	scrupulosity	of	the
	court,	in	allowing	the	verdict	of	the	jury	to	be
	set	aside	upon	a	mere	technicality,	which	could
	not,	of	itself,	be	of	the	slightest	importance	;	but,
	by	means	of	which,	the	prisoner	saved	his	life.
	Forty	years	ago,	in	the	county	of	Hampshire,	a
	man	was	arraigned	and	tried	for	his	life.	He	was
	convicted,	but	the	verdict	was	set	aside,	upon	the
	ground	that	he	was	not	properly	arraigned.	The
	law	required	that	a	criminal	indicted	for	a	capital
	offence,	should	be	arraigned	and	put	to	plead	be
	fore	a	full	court.	A	full	court	were	in	session	in
	Northampton	;	but,	on	the	morning	before	they
	had	assembled,	one	of	the	judges	went	into	court,
	the	prisoner	was	brought	to	the	bar,	and	plead	not
	guilty.	At	a	subsequent	term	he	was	tried	and
	convicted	;	but,	after	the	conviction,	a	motion	was
	made	to	set	aside	the	verdict,	because	he	was
	not	arraigned	before	a	full	court.	That	great
	man,	and	distinguished	jurist,	Chief	Justice	Par
	sons,	in	giving	the	opinion	of	the	court,	said	every
	body	could	see	that	it	was	perfectly	immaterial
	to	the	prisoner,	in	a	matter	like	this,	whether	he
	was	placed	at	the	bar	and	said,	not	guilty,	before
	one	judge,	or	before	a	full	court.	The	objection
	made	was	a	mere	technical	one	a	mere	legal
	quibble	;	"	but,"	said	he,	"	a	man	has	a	right	to
	quibble	for	his	life."	They	set	aside	the	verdict.
	A	new	jury	was	impanelled,	a	new	trial	was	had,
	and	he	was	acquitted.
	I	name	this	circumstance	to	show	how	careful
	the	courts	are	of	human	life,	and	human	liberty.
	So	it	was	then,	and	so	it	is	now.
	Now,	will	this	alteration	will	the	incorpora
	tion	into	the	Constitution,	of	the	principle	that
	the	jury	are	to	be	the	ultimate	judges	of	the	law
	as	well	as	the	fact,	increase	the	security	of	liberty


130	FROM	THE	ESTABLISHMENT	OP	THE
	CHAP,	the	gospel	itself,	have	spread	to	an	extent
	hardly	ever	before	known	among	us	:	we	are
	to	guard,	no	doubt,	against	those	who	would
	tamper	with	them,	and	dilute	them,	and	frus
	trate	their	efficacy	by	worldly	associations	and
	a	worldly	spirit	:	but	we	are	no	less	to	guard
	against	those	who	would	push	them	to	an	ex
	treme	;	who	would	overstate	and	overstrain
	them	;	who	would	vitiate	them	by	unscriptural
	inferences,	and	lay	them	open	to	antinomian
	abuse	by	crude	and	unwarranted	statements	;
	or	who	disgrace	them	by	violence	of	spirit,
	and	a	contemptuous	treatment	of	such	as
	cannot	go	their	lengths.	1	By	such	proceed
	ings	the	seeds	of	decay	were	sown	in	the
	Lutheran	church	at	a	very	early	period	:	and,
	as	Romish	superstition	has	generated	infidelity,
	so	it	is	to	be	apprehended	that	the	refinements
	and	the	contentions,	which	followed	the	death
	of	Luther,	might	do	much	towards	gradually
	preparing	the	way	for	the	neology	and	the
	other	abominations	of	modern	German	pro
	testantism.	2	"	Be	not	high-minded,	but	fear.
	Let	him	that	thinketh	he	standeth	take	heed
	lest	he	fall."
	1	Of	tlie	spirit	of	some	German	protestants	of	Melanc-
	thon	s	time	we	may	judge	from	their	calling	the	English
	martyrs	under	the	Marian	persecution,	"	the	devil	s	martyrs,"
	and	proposing	to	expel	the	French	and	English	refugees	on
	account	of	their	differences	from	them.	Mel.	Epist.	iv.	893.
	Consil.	ii.	251253.
	2	In	the	fancies	of	Caspar	Schwenckfeldt,	apparently	a
	pious,	but	weak	and	enthusiastic	man,	who	caused	some
	trouble	to	the	reformers,	we	may	perhaps	trace	somewhat
	of	the	mysticism	which	infests	protestant	Germany	;	while
	Thamraerus,	of	whom	Melancthon	asserts,	that	he	"	trans
	formed	the	gospel	into	heathenish	allegories,	"	may	have
	afforded	an	early	specimen	of	modern	German	infidelity.
	See	Mel.	Consil.	ii.	303.	Mosheim	iv.	3032.	Melch.
	Ad.	i.	64,	73,	162,	231.


IN	THE	WAR	OF	THE	REVOLUTION.	653
	LEFEYRE,	SAMUEL.	List	of	men	mustered	by	Nathaniel	Barber,	Muster	Master	for
	Suffolk	Co.,	dated	Boston,	March	30,	1777;	Col.	Crane	s	regt.
	LEFFINGWELL,	.	[This	name	also	appears	under	the	form	of	Lepinwell.]
	LEFFINGWELL,	JOSHUA.	Fifer,	Capt.	Isaac	Marsh	s	co.,	Col.	Sears	s	regt.	;	mustered
	July	21,	1781	;	discharged	Nov.	2,	1781	;	service,	3	mos.	12	days,	under	Brig.	Gen.
	Stark	;	regiment	raised	in	Berkshire	Co.	and	stationed	at	Fort	Plains,	Tryon	Co.	;
	order	for	payment	of	amount	of	roll,	dated	at	Stockbridge	and	signed	by	Capt.
	Marsh.
	LE	FORD,	JAMES.	Seaman,	ship	"Mars,"	commanded	by	Capt.	Simeon	Samson;
	engaged	July	20,	1780	;	discharged	Oct.	24,	1780	;	service,	3	mos.	4	days	;	reported
	as	having	received	wages	on	account	in	France	;	roll	dated	Boston	;	also,
	Armorer,	same	vessel	and	commander;	engaged	Oct.	25,	1780;	discharged	March
	12,	1781	;	service,	4	mos.	17	days	;	reported	as	having	received	wages	on	account
	in	France	;	roll	dated	Boston.
	LE	FOUNT,	JOHN,	Salem.	Seaman,	brig	"Union,"	commanded	by	Capt.	Jonathan
	Gardner	;	descriptive	list	of	officers	and	crew,	sworn	to	Nov.	3,	1780	;	age,	23	yrs.	;
	stature,	4	ft.	10	in.	;	complexion,	brown	;	residence,	Salem.
	LEG,	NATHAN.	List	of	men	mustered	by	Thomas	Newhall,	Muster	Master	for	Worcester
	Co.	;	Capt.	Warren	s	co.,	Col.	Bailey	s	regt.	;	mustered	May	27,	1777	;	term,	3
	years.
	LEGAC,	WILLIAM,	France.	List	of	men	raised	to	serve	in	the	Continental	Army	from
	Col.	Jonathan	Cogswell	s	(3d	Essex	Co.)	regt.,	as	returned	to	Brig.	Gen.	Farley;
	residence,	France;	engaged	for	to\vn	of	Ipswich;	joined	Capt.	Lunt	s	co.,	Col.
	David	Henley	s	regt.	;	term,	during	war	;	also,	list	of	men	mustered	by	Nathaniel
	Barber,	Muster	Master	for	Suffolk	Co.,	dated	Boston,	Feb.	1,	1778;	Capt.	Lunt	s
	co.,	Col.	Henley	s	regt.	;	also,	Col.	David	Henley	s	regt.	;	return	of	recruits	for
	knapsacks,	dated	Boston,	Feb.	16,	1778;	reported	under	marching	orders;	also,
	return	certified	at	Camp	near	Morristown,	April	30,	1780,	of	officers	and	men	be
	longing	to	Col.	Lee	s,	Col.	Henley	s,	and	Col.	Jackson	s	regts.,	and	men	belonging
	to	Massachusetts	in	Col.	Henry	Sherburne	s	regt.,	who	were	incorporated	into	a
	regiment	under	the	command	of	Col.	Henry	Jackson,	agreeable	to	the	arrange
	ment	of	April	9,	1779;	rank,	Private;	residence,	Boston;	enlisted	Feb.	1,	1778;
	enlistment,	during	war	;	said	Legac	appears	among	men	belonging	to	Col.	David
	Henley	s	regt.	who	had	been	discharged	from	the	rolls	prior	to	above	arrange
	ment;	reported	never	joined.
	LE	GAINES,	.	[This	name	also	appears	under	the	form	of	Le	Garre.]
	LE	GAINES,	CHRISTOPHER,	France.	List	of	men	raised	to	serve	in	the	Continental
	Army	from	Col.	Jonathan	Cogswell	s	(3d	Essex	Co.)	regt.,	as	returned	to	Brig.
	Gen.	Farley,	dated	Ipswich,	Feb.	17,	1778;	residence,	France;	engaged	for	town
	of	Ipswich;	joined	Capt.	D.	Allen	s	co.,	Col.	Crane	s	regt.;	term,	3	years.
	LK	GARRE,	CHRISTOPHER.	List	of	men	mustered	by	Nathaniel	Barber,	Muster	Master
	for	Suffolk	Co.,	dated	Boston,	Jan.	18,	1778;	Col.	Crane	s	regt.
	LEGARS,	JOHN,	Machias.	List	of	men	raised	to	serve	in	the	Continental	Army	from
	2d	Plymouth	Co.	regt.,	as	returned	agreeable	to	order	of	Council	of	Nov.	7,	1777	;
	residence,	Machias;	engaged	for	town	of	Scituate	;	joined	Col.	Jackson	s	regt.;
	term,	3	years.
	LEGATE,	.	[This	name	also	appears	under	the	form	of	Leagate,	Legete,	Legget.]
	LEGATE,	JACK.	Receipt	dated	Worcester,	May	17,	1782,	for	bounty	paid	said	Legate	by
	Nathaniel	Evens,	Chairman	of	Class	No.	4	of	the	town	of	Leominster,	to	serve	in
	the	Continental	Army	for	the	term	of	3	years.


INTELLIGENT	COOKING	83
	1.	Cooking	removes	the	danger	from	parasites;	this
	applies	particularly	to	meats.
	2.	Cooking	develops	the	flavor	of	foods,	which	means	that
	we	enjoy	eating	them	more,	and	so	digest	them	better.
	3.	Cooking	makes	most	food	easier	to	digest;	this	is
	especially	true	of	all	starchy	foods.
	In	general,	food	is	cooked	in	order	to	improve	it	;	so
	one	of	the	first	problems	in	cooking	is	to	learn	how	to
	apply	heat	to	different	kinds	of	food	in	the	way	that
	shall	improve	them	most.	Fats	are	melted	or	made
	softer	when	heated.	Heat	swells	the	grains	of	starch
	and	causes	them	to	soften,	so	that	they	are	more	easily
	digested	(see	Figure	22).	It	has	an	opposite	effect	on
	meat	and	eggs	;	they	are	hardened	by	heat,	as	are	most
	other	proteins,	and	they	are	therefore	more	difficult	to
	digest	after	cooking.	The	reason	for	cooking	them	is
	because	most	people	enjoy	their	flavor	better	after	they
	are	cooked.	With	meat	there	is	an	additional	reason	;
	raw	meat	is	less	safe	than	cooked	meat	because	of	the
	parasites	that	may	be	in	it.	With	proteins,	therefore,
	one	problem	is	to	cook	them	in	such	ways	that	the	heat
	used	shall	not	harden	them	too	much.
	Three	Different	Ways	of	Cooking.	In	a	cookbook
	there	are	hundreds	of	recipes	for	preparing	food.	When
	it	is	ready	for	cooking,	there	are	only	three	ways	in	which
	the	cooking	is	done	:	boiling,	baking,	frying.	Potatoes
	may	be	cooked	in	any	one	of	these	ways,	and	the	use	of
	different	methods	at	different	times	gives	the	needed
	variety.	In	cooking	protein	food,	we	have	to	consider
	more	than	how	to	secure	variety.	Sometimes	we	want	to
	keep	the	rich,	nutritious	part	of	the	meat	inside	of	it	;


242	LETTERS	OF	JAMES	RUSSELL	LOWELL	[1879
	Spanish	civil	service	with	its	inevitable	results,	and	our
	own.	Politics	here	is	a	scramble	for	office.	Leaders,
	therefore,	represent	not	a	principle,	but	simply	a	chance.
	A	government	once	in	power	cooks	the	elections	to	its
	fancy,	and	there	is	absolutely	no	way	to	a	change	except
	through	a	pronunciamiento.	Are	we	not	moving	more
	or	less	rapidly	in	the	same	direction	?	As	we	have	no
	standing	army,	we	choose	the	more	cowardly	way	of
	fraud	rather	than	the	bolder	of	brute	force.	But	the	root
	of	the	matter	seems	the	same	the	hopelessness	of	get
	ting	power	and	place	against	the	patronage	and	myriad
	means	of	influence	of	the	cabal	in	possession.	I	have
	great	faith	in	the	good	sense	of	our	people,	but	deteri
	oration	of	national	character	is	always	so	gradual	and	im
	perceptible,	and	we	are	receiving	so	strong	a	dose	of
	alien	and	more	impatient	blood,	that	there	is	certainly
	room	for	doubt.	It	all	depends	on	our	force	of	diges
	tion,	but	with	the	utter	decay	of	the	principle	of	au
	thority	the	world	has	a	new	problem	before	it.	Per
	haps	Judge	Lynch	is	not	so	bad	a	fellow	after	all	from
	some	points	of	view.	.	.	.
	TO	LESLIE	STEPHEN
	Madrid,	June	8,	1879.
	My	dear	Stephen,	.	.	.	What	you	say	of	politics
	and	the	D	1	reminds	me	of	the	Universalist	who	an
	nounced	his	conversion	to	Calvinism	during	our	civil
	war,	because	"	he	was	satisfied	that	Hell	was	a	mili
	tary	necessity."	But	to	me	over	here	in	Spain,	which
	is	pretty	much	what	it	was	when	Gil	Bias	saw	it,	any


351
	THE	REV.	J.	MOULTRIE
	Is	known	to	us	only	as	the	author	of	the	following	exquisite	piece.
	It	displays	the	true	spirit	of	poetry.
	MY	BROTHER'S	GRAVE.
	BENEATH	the	chancel's	hallowed	stone,
	Exposed	to	every	rustic	tread,
	To	few,	save	rustic	mourners,	known,
	My	brother,	is	thy	lowly	bed.
	Few	words,	upon	thy	rough	stone	graven,
	Thy	name	thy	birth	thy	youth	declare-
	Thy	innocence	thy	hopes	of	heaven,
	In	simplest	phrase	recorded	there.
	No	'scutcheons	shine,	no	banners	wave,
	In	mockery	o'er	my	brother's	grave	!
	The	place	is	silent.	Rarely	sound
	Is	heard	these	ancient	walls	around,
	Nor	mirthful	voice	of	friends	that	meet
	Discoursing	in	the	public	street	;
	Nor	hum	of	business	dull	and	loud,
	Nor	murmur	of	the	passing	crowd,
	Nor	soldier's	drum,	nor	trumpet's	swell,
	From	neighbouring	fort	or	citadel	;
	No	sound	of	human	toil	or	strife
	In	death's	lone	dwelling	speaks	of	life,
	Or	breaks	the	silence	still	and	deep
	Where	thou,	beneath	thy	burial	stone,
	Art	laid	in	that	unstartled	sleep
	The	living	eye	hath	never	known.
	The	lonely	sexton's	footstep	falls
	In	dismal	echoes	on	the	walls,
	As,	slowly	pacing	through	the	aisle,
	He	sweeps	the	unholy	dust	away,
	And	cobwebs,	which	must	not	defile
	Those	windows	on	the	Sabbath-day	;


SECOND	GENERAL	COUNCIL.
	will	be	prepared	very	soon	to	complete	the	list	of	chairmen	for
	all	the	meetings.
	The	motion	of	Dr.	Knox	was	then	agreed	to	by	the	Council.
	The	following	is	the	list	of	Presidents	as	finally	perfected	:
	Rev.	Professor	Henry	Calderwood,
	LL.D.
	"	Joseph	B.	Stratton,	D.	D.
	"	D.	A.	Wallace,	D.	D.
	"	Thomas	C.	Porter,	D.	D.,
	LL.	D.
	Hon.	Wm.	Strong,	Justice	Supreme
	Court,	U.	S.	A.
	Rev.	Professor	Wm.	Henry	Green,
	D.	D.,LL.D.
	Hon.	Horace	Maynard,	Postmaster-
	General,	U.	S.	A.
	Rev.	Wm.	Roberts,	D.	D.
	Francis	Brown	Douglass,	Esq.
	Rev.	Professor	D.
	Rev.	John	Marshall	Lang,	D.	D.
	u	Professor	Nicholas	Hofmeyr.
	Wm.	P.	Webb,	Esq.
	Rev.	Thomas	Main,	D.	D.
	"	James	M.	Rodgers.
	T.	W.	Taylor,	Esq.
	Rev.	Robert	Watts,	D.	D.
	"	James	Dodds,	D.	D.
	n	Wm.	Wood.
	"	Abraham	R.	Van	Gieson,
	D.	D.
	Hon.	Samuel	Sloan.
	Jacob	Rader,	Esq.
	Rev.	James	Nish.
	R.	Kerr,	D.	D.
	BUSINESS	COMMITTEE.
	The	Chairman.	—	The	next	point	is	the	appointment	of	the
	Business	Committee.
	Professor	Flint,	of	Edinburgh.	—	The	motion	which	I	have
	to	lay	before	the	Council	is	one	in	connection	with	which	it
	Would	be	unseasonable	that	I	should	take	up	the	time	of	the
	Council	any	longer	than	it	requires	simply	to	read	it.	Its	neces-
	sity	is	self-evident,	and	the	names	included	in	it	will	be	an	addi-
	tional	recommendation	of	it.	I	therefore	move	that	the	follow-
	ing	members	constitute	the	Business	Committee	of	the	Council
	Ministers.
	Rev.
	S.	Irenaeus	Prime,	D.	D.
	Philip	Schaff,	D.	D.,	LL.	D.
	James	McCosh,	D.D.,LL.	D.
	Robert	Knox,	D.	D.
	D.	R.	Kerr,	D.	D.
	Wm.	Paxton,	D.	1).
	E.	T.	Jeffers,	D.	D.
	Wm.	H.Green,	D.D.,	LL.D.
	William	Brown,	D.	D.
	Rev.	Joachim	Elmendorf,	D.	D.
	"	Charles	A.	Dickey,	D.	D.
	"	Robert	Rainy,	D.	D.
	H	Tohn	Marshall	Lang,	D.	I).
	"	Wm.	J.	Reid,	D.	D.
	"	Wm.	Roberts,	D.	D.
	1	■	John	H.	A.	Bomberger,	D.	D.
	"	R.	McCheyne	Edgar.
	"	Wm.	P.	Breed,	D.	D.


IN	A	NEW	HOME.	19
	way	of	thinking.	There's	lots	for	little	girls	to	learn,
	though	I	dare	say	Uncle	Win	will	think	it	can	all	come
	out	of	a	book."
	"	Some	of	it	might	come	out	of	a	cookbook,"	said
	Betty	demurely.
	"	Your	mother's	the	best	cookbook	I	know	about
	good	enough	for	anyone."
	"	But	we	can't	send	mother	all	round	the	world."
	"	We	just	don't	want	to,"	said	Warren.
	Mrs.	Leverett	smiled.	She	was	proud	of	her	ability	in
	the	culinary	line.
	Mr.	Leverett	looked	at	Doris	presently.	"	Come,
	come,"	he	began	good-naturedly,	"	this	will	never	do	!
	You	are	not	eating	enough	to	keep	a	bird	alive.	No
	wonder	you	are	so	thin	!	"
	"	But	I	ate	a	great	deal	of	breakfast,"	explained	Doris
	with	naive	honesty.
	"	And	you	are	not	homesick?	"
	Doris	thought	a	moment.	"	I	don't	want	to	go	away,
	if	that	is	what	you	mean."
	"	Yes,	that's	about	it,"	nodding	humorously.
	Warren	thought	her	the	quaintest,	prettiest	child	he
	had	ever	seen,	but	he	hardly	knew	what	to	say	to	her.
	When	the	men	had	eaten	and	gone	the	dishes	were
	soon	washed	up,	and	then	mother	and	daughter	brought
	their	sewing.	Mrs.	Leverett	was	mending	Warren's
	coat.	Betty	darned	a	small	pile	of	stockings,	and	then
	she	took	out	some	needlework.	She	had	begun	her
	next	summer's	white	gown,	and	she	meant	to	do	it	by
	odd	spells,	especially	when	Aunt	Priscilla,	who	would
	lecture	her	on	so	much	vanity,	was	not	around.
	Mrs.	Leverett	gently	questioned	Doris	she	was	not
	an	aggressive	woman,	nor	unduly	curious.	No,	Doris
	had	not	sewed	much.	Barby	always	darned	the	stock
	ings,	and	Miss	Easter	had	come	to	make	whatever


244	HISTORY	OF	THE	POPES.
	April	1527,	stayed	in	England	as	head	of	an	embassy	to
	the	English	court,	and	then	discussed	a	proposal	of	marriage
	between	Mary,	Henry	s	daughter,	and	Francis	I.	or	one
	of	his	sons.	The	Bishop,	so	Henry	asserted	at	a	later
	date,	had	given	utterance	to	suspicions	of	the	legitimacy
	of	the	Princess	Mary,	as	the	marriage	of	Henry	and
	Catherine	had	not	been	valid.	There	can	be	no	doubt
	that	the	words	attributed	to	the	Bishop	of	Tarbes	were
	a	pure	invention	and	Henry	s	pretended	scruples	sheer
	hypocrisy.	1
	On	the	day	after	the	departure	of	the	French	Ambassador
	(May	8th)	Wolsey	appears	to	have	been	initiated,	for	the
	first	time,	into	the	secret	of	the	divorce,	but	not	in	any	way
	into	the	ulterior	object,	the	fresh	marriage	with	Anne
	1	Historians	of	more	recent	date,	however,	have	still	been	taken	in
	and	take	both	statements	as	of	genuine	value	;	thus	REUMONT,
	Beitrage,	III.,	75.	See	on	the	other	hand	EHSES,	in	Histor.	Jahrb.,
	1888,	612	seq.\	BAUMGARTEN,	Charles	V.,	III.,	637;	GAIRDNER	in
	Engl.	Hist.	Review,	1896,	675	seq.	BUSCH	(Histor.	Taschenb.,	1889,
	285	seq.}	says	"that	pangs	of	conscience	on	account	of	a	sinfully
	contracted	marriage	with	his	brother	s	widow	led	the	King	to	suspect
	the	validity	of	his	marriage	is	hypocrisy	and	falsehood.	It	would
	have	required	a	sensitively	scrupulous	conscience	to	have	raised
	religious	objections	to	the	immunity	given	by	the	Church	itself.	The
	Pope	and	the	Church	did	all	they	could	and	offered	all	they	could	to
	allay	any	existing	scruples	of	conscience,	but	Henry,	with	ever-
	increasing	irritation,	waived	such	attempts	aside	:	for	he	did	not	wish
	his	conscience	to	be	set	at	rest.	He	wished	the	divorce.	...	In	the
	whole	process	the	most	pitiable	part	played	was	that	of	the	King."
	BREWER-	GAIRDNER,	II.,	178:	"Granting	that	the	King	was	troubled
	with	thoughts	of	his	succession,	and	doubts	of	the	legitimacy	of	his
	marriage	with	Catherine,	can	anyone	imagine	that	a	pure	and
	scrupulous	conscience	would	have	adopted	such	a	method	as	this	for
	removing	his	perplexities?"	Cf.	also	DREUX,	Le	premier	divorce	de
	Henry	VIII.,	in	Posit,	de	theses	de	1	ecole	d.	chart,	1900,	42	seq.,	and
	BOURILLY-DE-VAISSIERE,	Amb.	de	J.	du	Bellay,	464	note.


536	MILK.
	lime-salts.	The	constituents	of	the	ash	have	two	functions	to	perform,
	namely,	the	building	up	of	the	tissues	and	secondly	the	preparation	of	the
	excreta,	especially	the	urine.	The	faster	the	young	grows	the	more	is	the
	first	in	evidence,	while	the	slower	it	develops,	the	second	is	prominent.
	The	quantity	of	mineral	bodies	in	the	milk,	and	especially	the	amount
	of	lime	and	phosphoric	acid,	as	shown	by	BUNGE	and	PROSCHER	and	PAGES,
	stands	in	close	relationship	to	the	rapidity	of	growth,	because	the	amount
	of	these	mineral	constituents	in	the	milk	is	greater	in	animals	which	grow
	and	develop	quickly	than	in	those	which	grow	only	slowly.	A	similar
	relationship	exists	also,	as	shown	by	the	researches	of	PROSCHER,	and	espe-
	cially	of	ABDERHALDEN,	1	between	the	quantity	of	protein	in	the	milk	and
	the	rapidity	of	development	of	the	sucking	young.	The	amount	of	protein
	is	greater	in	the	milk	the	quicker	the	animal	develops.
	The	influence	of	the	food	on	the	composition	of	the	milk	is	of	interest
	from	many	points	of	view	and	has	been	the	subject	of	many	investigations.
	From	these	we	learn	that	in	human	beings	as	well	as	in	animals	an	insuffi-
	cient	diet	decreases	the	quantity	of	milk	and	the	quantity	of	solids,	while
	abundant	food	increases	both.	From	the	observations	of	DscAiSNE	2	on
	nursing	women	during	the	siege	of	Paris	in	1871,	the	amount	of	casein,	fat,
	sugar,	and	salts,	but	especially	the	fat,	was	found	to	decrease	with	insufficient
	food,	while	the	quantity	of	lactalbumin	was	found	to	be	somewhat	increased.
	Food	rich	in	proteins	increases	the	quantity	of	milk,	and	also	the	solids
	contained,	especially	the	fat,	according	to	most	statements.	The	quantity
	of	sugar	in	woman's	milk	is	found	by	certain	investigators	to	be	increased
	after	food	rich	in	proteins,	while	others	claim	it	is	diminished.	A	diet	rich
	in	fat	may,	as	the	researches	of	SOXHLET	and	many	others	3	have	shown,
	cause	a	marked	increase	in	the	fat	of	the	milk	when	the	fat	partaken	is	in	a
	readily	digestible	and	assimilable	form.	The	presence	of	large	quantities	of
	carbohydrates	in	the	food	seems	to	cause	no	constant,	direct	action	on	the
	quantity	of	the	milk	constituents.	4	In	carnivora,	as	shown	by	SsuBOTiN,	5
	the	secretion	of	milk-sugar	proceeds	uninterruptedly	on	a	diet	consisting
	^roscher,	Zeitschr.	f.	physiol.	Chem.,	24;	Abderhalden,	ibid.,	27;	Pages,	Arch,
	de	Physiol.	(5),	7.
	2	Cited	from	Hoppe-Seyler,	1.	c.,	739.
	8	See	Maly's	Jahresber.,	26.	See	also	Basch,	Ergebnisse	der	Physiologic,	2,	Abt.	1.
	4	In	regard	to	the	literature	on	the	action	of	various	foods	on	woman's	milk,	see
	Zalesky,	"Ueber	die	Einwirkung	der	Nahrung	auf	die	Zusammensetzung	und	Nahr-
	haftigkeit	der	Frauenmilch,"	Berlin,	klin.	Wochenschr.,	1888,	which	also	contains	the
	literature	on	the	importance	of	diet	on	the	composition	of	other	kinds	of	milk.	In
	regard	to	the	c	xtensive	literature	on	the	influence	of	various	foods	on	the	milk	pro-
	duction	of	animals,	see	Konig,	Chem.	d.	menschl.	Nahrungs	und	Genussmittel,	3.	Aufl.,
	1,	298.	See	also	Maly's	Jahresber.,	29,	30,	31,	and	Morgen,	Beger	and	Fingerling,
	Landw.	Versuchs-t.,	61.
	6	Centralbl.	f.	d.	med.	Wissensch.,	1866,	337.


GENERAL	INTRODUCTION
	TO	THE
	POETICAL	BOOKS	OF	THE	OLD	TESTAMENT.
	PAGE.
	LITERATURE	vii
	1.	ORIGIN	OF	POETRY	viii
	g2.	POETRY	AND	RELIGION	viii
	g3.	THE	POETRY	OF	THE	BIBLE	viii
	\	4.	THE	SPIRIT	OF	HEBREW	POETRY	x
	5.	POETIC	MERIT	xii
	6.	DIFFERENT	KINDS	OF	HEBREW	POETRY	xiy
	g7.	LYRIC	POETRY	XT
	$8.	DIDACTIC	POETRY	xxi
	g	9.	PROPHETIC	POETRY	xxvi
	10.	DRAMATIC	POETRY	xxviii
	11.	POETIC	DICTION	xxxii
	g	12.	VERSIFICATION.	PARALLELISM	OF	MEMBERS	xxxiii


GENERAL	INTRODUCTION	TO	THE	POETICAL	BOOKS.
	g	1.	ORIGIN	OF	POETRY.
	Poetry	and	music	the	highest	and	most	spiritual	of	the	fine	arts	are	older	than	the
	human	race	;	they	hail	from	heaven	and	from	a	pre-historic	age.	The	old	legend	traces	the
	origin	of	music	to	the	angels,	and	Raphael	paints	St.	Cecilia,	the	patroness	of	church	music,
	as	faintly	echoing	the	higher	and	sweeter	chorus	from	the	celestial	world.	The	same	applies
	to	poetry,	for	music	presupposes	poetry	and	derives	from	it	its	inspiration.	Christianity	was
	sung	into	life	by	the	anthem	of	the	heavenly	hosts,	who	existed	before	the	hexaemeron	or
	certainly	before	man,	and	who	are	the	agents	of	God	in	the	realm	of	nature	as	well	as	in	all
	great	epochs	of	revelation.	The	same	angels	raised	their	anthems	of	glory	and	peace	at	the
	completion	of	the	first	creation	by	the	hand	of	the	Almighty.	Then
	"	The	morning	stars	sang	together,
	And	all	the	sons	of	God	shouted	for	joy."*
	As	poetry	and	music	began	in	heaven,	so	they	will	end	in	heaven,	and	constitute	a
	rich	fountain	of	joy	to	angels	and	sanctified	men.
	$2.	POETRY	AND	RELIGION.
	Poetry	and	music	came	from	the	same	God	as	religion	itself,	and	are	intended	for	the
	same	holy	end.	They	are	the	handmaids	of	religion,	and	the	wings	of	devotion.	Nothing
	can	be	more	preposterous	than	to	assume	or	establish	an	antagonism	between	them.	The
	abuse	can	never	set	aside	the	right	use.	The	best	gifts	of	God	are	liable	to	the	worst	abuse.
	Some	have	the	false	notion	that	poetry	is	necessarily	fictitious	and	antagonistic	to	truth.
	But	poetry	is	the	fittest	expression	of	truth,	its	Sabbath	dress,	the	silver	picture	of	the	golden
	apple,	the	ideal	embodied	in	and	shining	through	the	real.	"	Let	those,"	says	Lowth,f	"	who
	affect	to	despise	the	Muses,	cease	to	attempt,	for	the	vices	of	a	few,	who	may	abuse	the	best
	of	things,	to	bring	into	disrepute	a	most	laudable	talent.	Let	them	cease	to	speak	of	that	art
	as	light	and	trifling	in	itself,	to	accuse	it	as	profane	or	impious	;	that	art	which	has	been
	conceded	to	man	by	the	favor	of	his	Creator,	and	for	the	most	sacred	purposes	;	that	art,
	consecrated	by	the	authority	of	God	Himself,	and	by	His	example	in	His	most	august	minis
	trations."	Dean	Stanley	says	:	"	There	has	always	been	in	certain	minds	a	repugnance	to
	poetry,	as	inconsistent	with	the	gravity	of	religious	feeling.	It	has	been	sometimes	thought
	that	to	speak	of	a	book	of	the	Bible	as	poetical,	is	a	disparagement	of	it.	It	has	been	in
	many	Churches	thought	that	the	more	scholastic,	dry,	and	prosaic	the	forms	in	which	reli
	gious	doctrine	is	thrown,	the	more	faithfully	is	its	substance	represented.	Of	all	human
	compositions,	the	most	removed	from	poetry	are	the	Decrees	and	Articles	of	Faith,	in	which
	the	belief	of	Christendom	has	often	been	enshrined	as	in	a	sanctuary.^	To	such	sentiments
	the	towering	greatness	of	David,	the	acknowledged	preeminence	of	the	Psalter	are	constant
	rebukes.	David,	beyond	king,	soldier,	or	prophet,	was	the	sweet	singer	of	Israel.	Had	Ra
	phael	painted	a	picture	of	Hebrew	as	of	European	Poetry,	David	would	have	sate	aloft	at	the
	summit	of	the	Hebrew	Parnassus,	the	Homer	of	Jewish	song."
	\	3.	THE	POETRY	OF	THE	BIBLE.
	More	than	one-third	of	the	Old	Testament	is	poetry.
	This	fact	is	concealed,	and	much	of	the	beauty	of	the	Bible	lost	to	many	readers	by
	the	uniform	printing	of	poetry	and	prose	in	our	popular	Bibles.	The	current	versicular	divi
	sion	is	purely	mechanical,	and	does	not	at	all	correspond	to	the	metrical	structure	or	the	laws
	of	Hebrew	versification.
	The	poetry	of	the	Old	Testament	is	contained	in	the	Poetical	Books,	which	in	the	Jewish
	*	Job	xxxviii.	7.
	f	Lectures	on	H.	P.,	Stowe	s	ed.,	p.	28.
	J	History	of	the	Jewish	Church.	II.	164,	Am.	ed.
	\	This	disparaging	remark	about	creeds	is	too	sweeping	and	inapplicable	to	the	oldest	and	best,	the	Apostles	and	Nicene
	creeds,	which	sound	like	liturgical	poems	through	all	ages	of	Christendom,	together	with	the	Te	Deum	and	Gloria	in	ExceUi*
	of	the	lame	age.


GENERAL	INTRODUCTION	TO	THE	POETICAL	BOOKS.
	of	Songs	celebrates	the	Hebrew	ideal	of	pure	bridal	love,	as	reflecting	the	love	of	Jehovah
	to	His	people,	and	prefiguring	the	union	of	Christ	with	His	Church.
	|	4.	THE	SPIRIT	OF	HEBREW	POETRY.
	In	a	wider	sense	all	true	poetry	is	inspired.	The	civilized	nations	of	antiquity,	particu
	larly	the	Greeks,	regarded	it	as	a	divine	gift,	and	poets	as	prophets	and	intimate	friends	of
	the	gods	;	and	all	the	ceremonies,	oracles	and	mysteries	of	their	religion	were	clothed	in
	poetic	dress.	There	is,	however,	a	two-fold	inspiration,	a	Divine,	and	a	Satanic;	and	the
	poetry	which	administers	to	pride	and	sensual	passion,	idolizes	the	creature,	ridicules	virtue,
	and	makes	vice	attractive,	is	the	product	of	the	evil	spirit.
	The	poetry	of	the	Hebrews	is	in	the	highest	and	best	sense	the	poetry	of	inspiration	and
	revelation.	It	is	inspired	by	the	genius	of	the	true	religion,	and	heuce	rises	far	above	the
	religious	poetry	of	the	Hindoos,	Parsees	and	Greeks,	as	the	religion	of	revelation	is	above
	the	religion	of	nature,	and	the	God	of	the	Bible	above	the	idols	of	the	heathen.	It	is	the
	poetry	of	truth	and	holiness.	It	never	administers	to	trifling	vanities	and	lower	passions	;
	it	is	the	chaste	and	spotless	priestess	at	the	altar.	It	reveals	the	mysteries	of	the	divine	will
	to	man,	and	offers	up	man	s	prayers	and	thanks	to	his	Maker.	It	is	consecrated	to	the	glory
	of	Jehovah	and	the	moral	perfection	of	man.
	The	most	obvious	feature	of	Bible	poetry	is	its	intense	Theism.	The	question	of	the
	existence	of	God	is	never	raised,	and	an	atheist	if	there	be	one	is	simply	set	down	as	a
	fool	(Ps.	xiv.).	The	Hebrew	poet	lives	and	moves	in	the	idea	of	a	living	God,	as	a	self-
	revealing,	personal,	almighty,	holy,	omniscient,	all-pervading	and	merciful	Being,	and	over
	flows	with	his	adoration	and	praise.	He	sees	and	hears	God	in	the	works	of	creation,	and
	in	the	events	of	history.	Jehovah	is	to	him	the	Maker	and	Preserver	of	all	things.	He
	shines	in	the	firmament,	He	rides	on	the	thunder-storm,	He	clothes	the	lilies,	He	feeds	the
	ravens	and	young	lions,	and	the	cattle	on	a	thousand	hills,	He	gives	rain	and	fruitful	seasons.
	He	is	the	God	of	Abraham,	Isaac	and	Jacob,	of	Moses,	David	and	the	prophets,	He	dwells
	with	Israel,	He	is	their	ever-present	help	and	shield,	their	comfort	and	joy,	He	is	just	and
	holy	in	His	judgments,	good,	merciful	and	true	in	all	His	dealings,	He	overrules	even	the
	wrath	of	man	for	His	own	glory	and	the	good	of	His	people.
	To	this	all-prevailing	Theism	corresponds	the	anthropology.	Man	is	always	represented
	under	his	most	important	moral	and	religious	relations,	in	the	state	of	innocence,	in	the	ter
	rible	slavery	of	sin,	or	in	the	process	of	redemption	and	restoration	to	more	than	his	original
	glory	and	dominion	over	the	creation.	Hebrew	poetry	reflects	in	fresh	and	life-like	colors
	the	working	of	God	s	law	and	promise	on	the	heart	of	the	pious,	and	every	state	of	his	expe
	rience,	the	deep	emotions	of	repentance	and	grief,	faith	and	trust,	gratitude	and	praise,	hope
	and	aspiration,	love	and	peace.
	Another	characteristic	of	Bible	poetry	is	the	childlike	simplicity	and	naturalness	with
	which	it	sets	forth	and	brings	home	to	the	heart	the	sublimest	ideas	to	readers	of	every	grade
	of	culture,	who	have	a	lively	organ	for	religious	truth.*	The	scenery	and	style	are	thoroughly
	oriental	and	Hebrew,	and	yet	they	can	be	translated	into	every	language	without	losing	by	the
	process	which	cannot	be	said	of	any	other	poetry.	Greek	and	Eoman	poetry	have	more	art
	and	variety,	more	elegance	and	finish,	but	no	such	popularity,	catholicity	and	adaptability.
	The	universal	heart	of	humanity	beats	in	the	Hebrew	poet.	It	is	true,	his	experience	falls	far
	short	of	that	of	the	Christian.	Yet	nearly	every	phase	of	Old	Testament	piety	strikes	a	cor
	responding	chord	in	the	soul	of	the	Christian;	and	such	are	the	depths	of	the	divine	Spirit
	who	guided	the	genius	of	the	sacred	singers	that	their	words	convey	far	more	than	they
	themselves	were	conscious	of,	and	reach	prophetically	forward	into	the	most	distant	future.!
	*	"	Not	less	in	relation	to	the	most	highly-cultured	minds	than	to	the	most	rude	not	less	to	minds	disciplined	in	ab
	stract	thought,	than	to	8uch	ai	are	unused	to	generalization	of	any	kind	the	Hebrew	Scriptures,	in	the	metaphoric	style,
	and	their	poetic	diction,	are	the	fittest	medium	for	conveying,	what	is	their	purpose	to	convey,	concerning	the	Divine	Na
	ture,	and	concerning	the	spiritual	life,	and	concerning	the	correspondence	of	man	the	finite,	with	God	the	Infinite."
	This	idea	is	well	carried	out	in	the	work	of	Isaac	Taylor,	see	p.	50.	4
	t	The	higher	order	of	secular	poetry	furnishes	an	analogy.	Shakespeare	was	not	aware	of	the	deep	and	far-reaching


MR.	PETH	DOES	AMAZING	THINGS	175
	Jarrovr	put	his	hands	up	to	his	face,	to	make	a
	trumpet,	and	called	loudly	for	"Mr.	Peth"	several
	times.	His	voice	was	thrown	back	from	the	hill	over
	the	water	in	long-drawn	echoes	that	died	away	hi	the
	murmur	of	the	gentle	surf	breaking	on	the	other	side
	of	the	point	and	along	the	backbone	of	the	main	reef.
	"For	all	the	world	like	pag'ng	a	gorilla,"	chuckled
	Locke.	They	went	aft	and	stood	by	Marjorie,	and
	Shanghai	Tom	looked	out	from	the	cabin	door,	white-
	capped	and	white-aproned,	and	a	trifle	bored.
	Jarrow	moved	up	nearer	the	rim	of	the	jungle,	and
	was	rendered	almost	invisible	to	those	on	the	schooner
	against	the	glittering	white	sand.
	Doc	put	his	bucket	in	the	boat,	and	stood	by	the
	bow,	looking	after	the	captain.	Once	he	turned	to-
	ward	the	schooner,	and	waved	his	hand.	Dinshaw
	was	moving	toward	the	point	slowly,	head	bent,	mak-
	ing	a	careful	examination	of	the	shore,	stooping	now
	and	then	to	pick	up	a	handful	of	sand	and	let	it	run
	through	his	fingers.
	"Look	over	beyond	Captain	Dinshaw	in	the
	brush!"	said	Marjorie,	pointing.
	A	figure	in	blue	emerged	cautiously	from	the	tangle


THE	ROMANCE	OF	JOHN	TWEDDELL
	reason	;	it	is	a	struggle	to	get	rid	of	our	earthly	encum-
	brances;	it	is	a	virtuous	feeling,	flowing	from	a	quick
	susceptibility	of	the	beauty	and	the	goodness	of	God's
	works.	Do	you	never	feel	this,	my	beloved	friend	?	If
	you	do,	good	and	kind	as	you	are	at	all	moments,	yet	in
	such	as	these	you	feel	some	more	than	ordinary	inclina-
	tion,	some	loftier	and	more	sublime	propensities,	to
	relieve	distress,	to	comfort	the	afflicted,	and	to	diffuse
	far	and	wide,	without	distinction	and	without	limit,	the
	blessings	and	the	benefits	of	heavenly	charity.	Oh,	my
	dearest	friend,	what	would	I	not	have	given	to	have
	had	you	with	me	this	morning	!	Farewell.	Write	and
	comfort	me."
	PART	IV
	THE	last	letter	of	the	series	is	dated	May	23rd,	and
	tells	its	own	melancholy	story.	From	it	may	be	gathered
	the	reasons	given	by	Bel	for	putting	an	end	to	the
	correspondence.
	'	MY	DEAR	FRIEND	[it	runs],
	'	I	could	give	you	a	world	of	reasons	why	I	have	not
	yet	answered	your	last	letter.	But	it	is	of	little	use
	to	mention	them.	Neither	shall	I	attempt	to	make	you
	conceive	the	severe	affliction	which	I	have	suffered,	and
	yet	suffer.	My	sorrows	only	concern	myself,	and	I	feel
	them	too	acutely	to	affect	to	describe	them.	I	confess
	that	I	was	surprised	I	was	not	quite	prepared	;	for	I
	did	not	perceive	the	necessity	for	making	me	miserable.
	Yet	as	you	mean	me	well,	I	must	be	grateful	for	your
	kindness,	tho	1	it	is	associated	with	death.	Once	in
	my	life	I	have	been	made	uncomfortable,	and	once
	beyond	measure	wretched,	by	two	persons	who	chose	to
	consult	my	happiness,	not	by	my	idea	of	it,	but	by	theirs.
	363


THE	EVOLUTION	OF	THE	NOVEL	13
	methods	religious,	educational,	and	political,
	in	theories	of	the	relation	of	the	individual
	to	his	life	work	and	life	duty,	has	always
	been	from	the	expression	of	the	external	form,
	from	the	consideration	of	the	external	charac
	teristics,	from	the	suggestion	of	the	external
	remedies	for	evils	and	rewards	for	endeavor,
	to	the	expression	of	the	abstract	thought
	beneath	the	external	form,	to	the	considera
	tion	of	the	internal	character	which	finds
	embodiment	in	the	external	characteristics,
	to	study	into	the	causes	of	evils,	and	to	the
	satisfaction	of	the	soul	with	duty	done	in
	place	of	external	reward	of	endeavor.	It
	is	a	progress	that	advances	from	the	physi
	cal	to	the	intellectual,	from	the	carnal	to
	the	spiritual.	I	shall	endeavor	to	apply	this
	theory	to	the	novel	with	intent	to	suggest
	that	such	development	of	expression	as	we
	find	in	form	of	novels	advances	from	the
	depiction	of	far-off	occurrences	and	adven
	tures	to	the	narration	and	representation	of
	contemporaneous,	immediate,	domestic	occur
	rences	;	and,	finally,	to	the	presentation	of
	conflicts	of	the	mind	and	soul	beneath	the


198	HETEROGENEOUS	MASS.
	CHAP.	XII.
	"	What	various	swains	our	motley	walls	contain	!
	Fashion	from	Moorfields,	honour	from	Chick-lane	,
	Bankers	from	Paper-buildings	here	resort,
	Bankrupts	from	Golden-square,	and	Riches-court	;
	From	the	Haymarket	canting	rogues	in	grain,
	Gulls	from	the	Poultry,	sots	from	Water-lane	;
	The	lottery	cormorant,	the	auction	shark,
	The	full-price	master,	and	the	half-price	clerk	;
	Boys,	who	long	linger	at	the	gallery-door,
	With	pence	twice	five,	they	want	but	twopence	more,
	Till	some	Samaritan	the	twopence	spares,
	And	sends	them	jumping	up	the	gallery-stairs.
	Critics	we	boast,	who	ne'er	their	malice	baulk,
	But	talk	the*	minds	we	wish	they'd	mind	their	talk	,
	Big-worded	bullies,	who	by	quarrels	live,
	Who	give	the	lie,	and	tell	the	lie	they	give	;
	Jews	from	St	Mary-Axe,	for	jobs	so	wary,
	That	for	old	clothes	they'd	even	axe	St,	Mary	;
	And	bucks	with	pockets	empty	as	their	pate,
	Lax	in	their	gaiters,	laxer	in	their	gait.
	Say,	why	these	Babel	strains	from	Babel	tongues	?
	Who's	that	calls	"	Silente"	with	such	leathern	lungs?
	He,	who,	in	quest	of	quiet,	"	Silence"	hoots,
	Is	apt	to	make	the	hubbub	he	imputes,"
	IN	a	iew	minutes	they	entered	Dolly's,
	whence,	after	partaking	of	a	cheerful	repast	and
	an	exhilarating	glass	of	wine,	a	ooach	conveyed
	them	to	Drury-lane.
	"	Now,"	said	the	Hon.	TOM	DASH	ALL,	"I	shall
	introduce	you	to	a	new	scene	in	REAL	LIFE,	well
	worth	your	close	observation.	We	have	already


CAPÍTULO	VIII
	LAGUERRA	CIVIL
	I.	Partida	de	Almagro	a	Chile.—	Hernando	Pizarro	se	niega	a	entregar
	el	título	de	Gobernador	para	Almagro.—	Rebelión	del	Inca	Manco.—
	Vuelta	de	Almagro.—	Logra	del	Inca	la	suspensión	de	hostilidades.—
	Una	carta	de	Manco.—	II.	Almagro	ante	el	Cuzco.—	Procura	entrar	en
	ella	sin	violencias.—	Treguas.—	Las	rompe	Hernantío.—Pruebas.—	En-
	tra	Almagro	en	el	Cuzco.—	Prisión	de	Hernando.—	I	[I.	El	combate
	de	Abancay.
	No	nos	incumbe	narrar	por	ahora	las	peripecias
	del	viaje	de	Almagro	a	Chile.	Realizó	la	ida	por	los
	Andes;	verificó	la	vuelta	por	el	desierto	de	Atacama.
	Por	el	primer	camino	hubo	de	atravesar	los	llama-
	dos	pasos	nevados,	es	decir,	salir	a	los	terrenos	de	la
	costa,	trasponiendo	los	Andes	chilenos,	travesía	pe-
	nosísima	a	causa	de	la	nieve.	En	la	segunda	ruta,	a
	su	vuelta	al	Cuzco,	recorrió	un	árido	desierto,	sin
	agua,	de	más	de	ochenta	a	cien	leguas	de	extensión.
	Aquellos	soldados,	la	mayoría	de	los	cuales	se	ha-
	bían	encontrado	con	Pedro	de	Alvarado	en	el	viaje
	de	Manabí	a	las	llanuras	interandinas	del	Ecuador,
	son	superiores,	por	estas	marchas,	pero	sin	compara-
	ción,	a	todos	cuantos	nos	recuerda	la	historia.	Las


TH	MA	S	WE	S	TWO	D.	369
	"	And	have	you	no	kind	mother,	child	:"
	I	asked,	with	softened	tone.
	f<	My	mother	went	away	lang	syne,
	And	left	me	here	alone.
	"	'Twas	in	the	winter	weather,	black,
	.	The	night	lay	on	the	moor;
	The	angry	winds	went	howling	by
	Our	creaking	cottage	door.
	tf	My	mother	lay	upon	her	bed,
	She	shook	and	shivered	sore	;
	She	clasped	me	in	her	trembling	arms,
	She	kissed	me	o'er	and	o'er.
	"	I	knelt	beside	her	on	the	ground,
	I	wailed	in	bitter	sorrow	;
	The	wind	without	upon	the	moor
	My	wailing	seemed	to	borrow.
	"	My	mother	strove	to	soothe	my	grief;
	But	while	she	spoke,	alas	!
	Across	her	sunken	face	I	saw
	A	sudden	shadow	pass.
	"	And	she	fell	back,	so	weak	and	wan,
	Oh	!	Sir,	I	never	heard
	Her	voice	again,	or	caught	the	sound
	Of	one	fond	farewell	word	!
	"	The	black	winds	blew	my	eyes	were	dry	;
	I	hushed	my	bitter	moan,
	But	I	knew	that	she	was	gone	away,
	And	I	was	left	alone.
	1	6*


THE	MILE	NT	PASSENGER.
	THE	SILENT	PASSENGER.
	With	its	inanimate	and	living	freight
	The	noisy	train	whirls	on.
	And	happy	hearts
	Beat	lightly	as	the	buzzing	wheels	speed	by
	The	meadows	and	the	corn	;	the	orchard	fair,
	With	all	its	goodly	trees	of	blushing	fruit,
	Its	foliage	spinning	ribbons	as	we	fly,
	Its	fence	a	quivering	cord	;	the	homestead	meek,
	Its	windows	muslin-draped	and	wreathed	with	vines.
	The	lazy	house-dog,	sleeping	in	the	sun,
	Upstarts	a	moment	to	his	feet,	with	one
	Deep,	sonorous	bark,	and	then	two	lesser	notes,
	And	folds	his	limbs	again.	The	maid	steals	out,
	With	broom	in	hand	and	apron	o	er	her	head,
	To	see	this	daily	show,	which	comes	and	goes
	As	the	cloud-shadow	flitting	o	er	the	grain,
	As	the	loud	thunder	shaking	all	the	plain.
	And	here	the	village,	in	its	white	and	green,


38	True	Province	of	natural	Wisdom	:
	the	Cross	is	to	them	that	perish	foolishness	;	but	to	us	who	are
	saved	it	is	the	power	of	God.	For	it	is	written,	I	will	destroy
	the	wisdom	of	the	wise,	and	the	understanding	of	the	prudent
	ivill	I	bring	to	nothing.	Nothing	from	himself	which	might
	give	offence,	does	he	advance	up	to	this	point	;	but	first	he
	comes	to	the	testimony	of	the	Scripture,	and	then,	furnished
	with	boldness	from	thence,	adopts	more	vehement	words	and
	saith,
	Ver.	20,	21.	Hath	not	God	made	foolish	the	wisdom	of	this
	world?	Where	is	the	wise?	Where	the	Scribe?	Where	the
	disputer	of	this	world?	Hath	not	God	made	foolish	the	wisdom
	of	this	world?	For	after	that,	by	the	wisdom	of	God,	the
	world	by	wisdom	knew	not	God,	it	pleased	God,	by	the	foolishness
	of	preaching,	to	save	them,	that	believe.	Having	said,	It	is
	written,	I	will	destroy	the	wisdom	of	the	wise,	he	subjoins
	the	demonstration	from	facts,	saying,	Where	is	the	wise	?
	where	the	Scribe	?	at	the	same	time	glancing	at	both
	Gentiles	and	Jews.	For	what	sort	of	philosopher,	which
	among	those	who	have	studied	logic,	which	of	those	knowing
	in	Jewish	matters,	hath	saved	us,	and	made	known	the	truth	?
	Not	one.	It	was	the	Fishermen	s	work,	the	whole	of	it.
	Having	then	inferred	what	he	had	in	view,	and	brought
	down	their	pride,	and	said,	Hath	not	God	made	foolish	the
	wisdom	of	this	world	?	he	states	the	reason	also,	why	these
	things	were	so	done.	For	after	that	by	the	wisdom	of	God,
	saith	he,	the	world	by	w	isdom	knew	not	God,	the	Cross
	appeared.	Now	what	means,	by	the	wisdom	of	God	?	The
	wisdom	apparent	in	those	works,	whereby	it	was	His	will
	to	make	Himself	known.	For	to	this	end	did	He	frame	them,
	1	vXfl-	and	frame	them	such	as	they	are,	that	by	a	sort	of	proportion	1	,
	from	the	things	which	are	seen,	admiration	of	the	Maker
	might	be	learned.	Is	the	heaven	great,	and	the	earth	bound
	less	?	Wonder	then	at	Him	who	made	them.	For	this	heaven,
	great	as	it	is,	not	only	was	made	by	Him,	but	made	with
	ease	;	and	that	boundless	earth	too,	was	brought	into	being
	2	PS.	even	as	if	it	had	been	nothing.	Wherefore	of	the	former	He
	102.25.	S	aith	2	,	The	works	of	Thy	fingers	are	the	heavens	;	and	con	-
	{.	cerning	the	earth	3	,	Who	hath	made	the	earth	as	it	were
	^	xx	nothing.	Since	then	by	this	wisdom	the	world	was	unwilling
	23.	to	acknowledge	God,	He	employed	what	seemed	to	be
	LXX.


242	MATTHEW	ARNOLD
	"	'	The	future	of	poetry	is	immense,	because	in	poetry,	where	it
	is	worthy	of	its	high	destinies,	our	race,	as	time	goes	on,	will	find
	an	ever	surer	and	surer	stay.	There	is	not	a	creed	which	is	not
	shaken,	not	an	accredited	dogma	which	is	not	shown	to	be	ques
	tionable,	not	a	received	tradition	which	does	not	threaten	to
	dissolve.	Our	religion	has	materialized	itself	in	the	fact,	in	the
	^supposed	fact;	it	has	attached	its	emotion	to	the	fact,	and	now
	the	fact	is	failing	it.	But	for	poetry	the	idea	is	everything;	the
	[rest	is	a	world	of	illusion,	of	divine	illusion.	Poetry	attaches	its
	emotion	to	the	idea;	the	idea	is	the	fact.	The	strongest	part	of
	our	religion	to-day	is	its	unconscious	poetry.'	[From	Arnold's
	Introduction	to	a	work	entitled	The	Hundred	Greatest	Men,	1879.]
	"	Let	me	be	permitted	to	quote	these	words	of	my	own,	as
	uttering	the	thought	which	should,	in	my	opinion,	go	with	us	and
	govern	us	in	all	our	study	of	poetry.	In	the	present	work	it	is
	the	course	of	one	great	contributory	stream	to	the	world-river	of
	poetry	that	we	are	invited	to	follow.	We	are	here	invited	to	trace
	the	stream	of	English	poetry.	But	whether	we	set	ourselves,	as
	here,	to	follow	only	one	of	the	several	streams	that	make	the
	mighty	river	of	poetry,	or	whether	we	seek	to	know	them	all,	our
	governing	thought	should	be	the	same.	We	should	conceive	of
	poetry	worthily,	and	more	highly	than	it	has	been	the	custom	to
	conceive	of	it.	We	should	conceive	of	it	as	capable	of
	higher	uses,	and	called	to	higher	destinies,	than	those	which
	in	general	men	have	assigned	to	it	hitherto.	More	and	more
	mankind	will	discover	that	we	have	to	turn	to	poetry	to
	interpret	life	for	us,	to	console	us,	to	sustain	us.	Without
	poetry,	our	science	will	appear	incomplete;	and	most	of
	what	now	passes	with	us	for	religion	and	philosophy	will	be
	replaced	by	poetry.	Science,	I	say,	will	appear	incomplete	without
	it.	For	finely	and	truly	does	Wordsworth	call	poetry	'the	im
	passioned	expression	which	is	in	the	countenance	of	all	science	'	;
	and	what	is	a	countenance	without	its	expression?	Again,	Words
	worth	finely	and	truly	calls	poetry	'	the	breath	and	finer	spirit	of
	all	knowledge	'	[both	quotations	are	from	Wordsworth's	Preface
	to	the	Lyrical	Ballads]	:	our	religion,	parading	evidences	such	as
	those	on	which	the	popular	mind	relies	now:	our	philosophy,
	pluming	itself	on	its	reasonings	about	causation	and	finite	and
	infinite	being;	what	are	they	but	the	shadows	and	dreams	and	false
	shows	of	knowledge?	The	day	will	come	when	we	shall	wonder	at
	ourselves	for	having	trusted	to	them,	for	having	taken	them	seri
	ously;	and	the	more	we	perceive	their	hollowness,	the	more	we	shall
	prize	'	the	breath	and	finer	spirit	of	knowledge	'	offered	to	us	by
	poetry."


i
	INTERVIEW	HISTORY
	This	oral	history	with	Mrs.	William	P.	Roth	was	conceived	as	a	series
	of	interviews	on	the	history	of	Filoli,	the	Roths	home	in	Woodside,
	California;	on	shipping,	from	the	Matson	Navigation	Company	point	of	view;
	and	on	horse	shows.	One	or	all	of	these	aspects	of	Mrs.	Roth	s	life
	the	house	and	garden,	now	in	the	National	Trust	for	Historic	Preservation,
	the	heritage	of	shipping,	through	her	father,	William	Matson,	and	her	husband,
	William	Roth,	and	the	activities	on	the	horse	show/horse	breeding	circuits
	are	what	the	name	Lurline	Matson	Roth	means	to	many.
	Beyond	these	major	subjects,	the	interviews	are	about	a	girl	growing	up
	on	both	sides	of	the	San	Francisco	Bay,	and	in	Hilo,	and	on	shipboard,
	about	her	education	and	career	interests,	about	being	wife	and	mother	and
	volunteer,	and	about	taking	further	community	leadership	roles,	especially
	with	the	Red	Cross	in	wartime.
	-	-
	Mrs.	Roth	was	extremely	modest	in	the	face	of	the	ego-stretching	possi
	bilities	of	being	an	oral-history	interviewee.	She	did	not	easily	say
	"I	did..."	this	or	that.	For	a	wider	view	of	her	life	at	Filoli	the	reader
	will	want	especially	to	read	her	daughter	Lurline	Roth	Coonan	s	talk	to	the
	docents	appended,	and	the	interview	with	horticulturist	Toichi	Domoto,	and
	the	notes	sent	by	designer	Tony	Duquette.	The	shipping	interview	with	Mrs.
	Roth	and	maritime	historian	Karl	Kortum	is	supplemented	by	appended	reprints
	on	shipping	history,	and	biographical	material	on	Captain	Matson.
	The	interviews	took	place	September	22,	30,	and	October	6,	20,	1980,
	on	November	13,	with	Mr.	Kortum,	and	on	December	17,	and	then	after	time	out
	for	the	holidays,	a	cruise	and	a	trip	to	her	home	in	Hilo,	the	interviewing
	resumed	with	two	meetings,	May	4	and	11,	1981.	The	attached	interview	with
	Mr.	Domoto	was	done	on	May	26,	1981.
	The	setting	for	the	interviews	was	Mrs.	Roth	s	study,	a	bright,	pretty
	room	with	beautiful,	fragrant	bowls	of	flowers,	a	fireplace,	books,	horse
	portraits,	and	two	walls	of	windows	with	views	of	the	Thomas	Church-designed
	garden	that	came	with	the	Hillsborough	house	that	Mrs.	Roth	moved	to	when
	she	left	Woodside	in	1975.	In	October,	when	I	arrived,	Mrs.	Roth	was	making
	her	social	plans	for	the	horse	show,	in	December	she	was	writing	her	Christmas
	cards,	in	May	putting	together	the	Red	Cross	s	part	in	the	benefit	opening
	of	Maxwell	s	Plum	in	Ghirardelli	Square	an	historically	and	architecturally
	significant	and	beautiful	property	saved	and	developed	by	the	Roths.	The
	November	meeting	where	we	talked	Ilatson	history	with	Karl	Kortum	in	the	Roth
	offices	in	Ghirardelli	Square	was	followed	by	an	excellent	Chinese	lunch	at
	Kan	s.	Mrs.	Roth	knows	good	food	my	arrival	sometimes	interrupted	menu-
	planning,	and	the	opened	cookbooks	were	inspiring.	Once,	as	the	result	of
	a	misunderstanding	at	the	fish	market,	Mrs.	Roth	was	having	to	face	a	lot	of
	caviar	for	lunch,	and	leftovers	for	dinner.


44
	employed	here	at	Sebastian!	Winery,	working	currently	in	the
	winemaking	department.
	Don	Sebastiani	had	three	children,	two	boys	and	a	girl.	Donny
	was	born	in	1977,	so	he	s	twenty-three	years	old.
	Hicke:	The	oldest?
	Davis:	The	oldest	son.	He	s	working	here	also.	So	there	are	two	fourth-
	generation	members	of	the	Sebastiani	family	here.
	The	thing	that	I	wanted	to	point	out,	Carole,	about	Sylvia:
	For	many	years,	she	was	the	typical	Italian	mother,	married	to	the
	typical	Italian	man,	meaningin	this	case	and	I	think	in	a	lot	of
	cases	she	tended	the	home	and	took	care	of	the	children.	She
	didn	t	have	to	be	concerned	with	the	checkbook	or	business	or
	anything	like	that,	and	had	very	little,	if	any,	contact	with	what
	was	going	on	business-wise	because	that	s	what	the	man	did.
	But	one	thing	that	she	did	in	1970	with	her	husband	August	s
	encouragement	was	to	write	a	cookbook	called	Mangiamo.	I	think	a
	lot	of	people	suffer	mistakenly,	as	I	do,	as	to	how	simple	it	must
	be	to	write	a	book.	But	it	s	not	simple	to	write	a	book	and	get
	it	all	done	and	proofread	and	all	that	stuff,	particularly	a
	cookbook.	And	August	was	very	insistent	on	this,	that	he
	personally	taste	every	one	of	her	recipes.
	Hicke:	Oh,	that	s	a	great	idea.
	Davis:	It	took	him	a	long	time	to	get	it	done.	These	recipes	were	from
	family	and	friends,	and	they	literally	went	through	and	test,	each
	one,	so	you	can	understand	why	it	took	a	long	time.	That	cookbook
	remains	very,	very	popular	today.	I	can	t	tell	you	how	many
	different	printings	it	has	gone	through,	but	I	think	it	s	got	to
	be	seven	or	eight	printings	of	it	at	this	time.	And,	of	course,
	it	s	gone	from	the	typical	old	ring	binder	type,	where	you	can
	flip	it	over	and	it	stays	flat,	to	today	it	has	the	hard	copy,
	glitzy,	glossy	finish	on	it.	And,	of	course,	the	wines	being
	offered	in	the	recipes	have	changed,	as	Sebastiani	wines	have
	changed,	for	all	those	years.	The	recipes,	however,	do	remain	the
	same.
	I	wanted	to	make	sure	Sylvia	got	plenty	of	credit	for	this
	cookbook	that	was	a	heck	of	a	lot	more	effort	and	work	than	one
	would	expect	to	have	happen,	but	by	golly,	she	did	it,	and	she	s
	still	quite	proud	of	it,	as	she	should	be.
	When	our	hospitality	department	is	back	active	again,	I	m	sure
	she	will	be	ack	down	there,	autographing	her	cookbook	for	people,


HISTORY
	Page	Ten
	103
	February	1957
	October	3,	1958
	^	^j-	^-
	1958
	1961

	1962
	1962
	1962-1964
	April	24,	1964
	1964-1965
	March	31,	1965
	1965
	1967
	March	9,	1967
	October	5,	1967
	September	3,	1968
	1970
	1970
	August	opens	tasting	room	at	winery	to
	public	on	weekends.	Long-time	friend
	Joe	Lennon	runs	tasting	room	on	Sundays.
	Sabina	s	husband,	James	S.	McTaggart,
	passes	away.	They	had	one	son,	Ken.
	Sam	begins	attendance	at	Santa	Clara
	University	for	an	undergraduate	degree.
	Four	acres	of	Barbera	are	planted	at
	Eagle	Vineyard.
	Eleven	acres	of	Cabernet	Sauvignon	are
	planted	at	Eagle	Vineyard.;.
	One	acre	of	Cabernet	Sauvignon	is
	planted	at	Sylvia	s	vineyards
	Sam	does	military	service,	first	with
	Army	in	Texas	and	then	with	NATO	force
	in	Germany.
	Samuel	August	Sebastiani	is	born.
	Sam	attends	Santa	Clara	University	for
	MBA.	Upon	graduation,	he	returns	to
	the	winery	and	works	in	Marketing	&	Sales.
	Lisa	Ann	Sebastiani	is	born.
	Binning	cellars	1	and	#2	are	built.
	Retired	graphic	artist,	Earle	Brown,	*^	6	^
	carves	a	Sebastiani	oak	cask	and	ended
	up	carving	over	300	oak	carvings	throughout
	the	winery.
	Moira	Ellen	Sebastiani	is	born.
	Lorenzo	Sebastiani	Jr.	passes	away.
	Joseph	John	Sebastiani	is	born.
	Barrel	aging	cellars	are	built.
	Sylvia	Sebastiani	s	book	is	released.
	Sebastiani	Family	Cookbook:	Mangiamo,	.	:
	Let	s	Eatl	sells	over	100,	OOj	copies	in
	10	years	time.


113
	2.
	Sylvia	first	gained	a	reputation	as	a	gourmet	cook	and	hostess	and
	now	as	the	author	of	a	best-selling	wine	cookbook	"Mangiamo"	.
	Then	along	came	two	sons,	Sam	and	Don,	and	a	daughter,	Mary	Ann.
	Today	there	are	also	five	grandchildren.
	In	the	day-to-day	activities	of	Sebastiani	Vineyards,	Sam	is
	a	strong	right-arm	today	active	in	the	laboratory,	in	sales	and
	marketing	and	in	production.	The	younger	son,	Don,	is	also	heavily
	involved	and	a	son-in-law,	Richard	Cuneo,	is	the	company	controller.
	I
	Because	winery-	founder	Samuele	became	such	a	prominent	figure
	in	the	early	days	of	Sonoma	s	civic	development,	he	played	a	leading
	role	as	a	property	owner.	In	walking	about	the	downtown	area	today
	one	finds	the	name	of	Sebastiani	above	the	bus	depot	and	other	prop
	erties	in	town.	At	one	time,	the	elder	Sebastiani	owned	the	theater,
	a	skating	rink,	a	bowling	alley,	a	motel,	a	hotel,	a	fruit	and	vege
	table	cannery,	apartment	houses	and	rental	homes	but	the	winery	and
	vineyards	always	had	first	priority	for	the	Sebastiani	family.
	To	the	young	August	"my	father	s	shoes	always	looked	very	big".
	However,	he	never	had	any	reason	to	change	his	mind	about	the	role
	he	inherited	from	the	older	patriarch.
	There	is	a	basic	philosophy	which	guides	the	Sebastiani	family
	and	it	stems	from	an	old	saying:	"If	one	glass	invites	another	then
	the	wine	is	good"	.	This	is	the	way	old	Samuele	phrased	it	and	this
	is	still	the	feeling	of	August	and	his	sons.
	August	Sebastia-i	s	major	love	is	wine	but	he	would	be	the
	first	to	admit	that	his	love	of	birds	and	bird	conservation	is	long
	lasting	and	passionate.	Described	in	a	1974	edition	of	the	Ford
	Times	magazine	as	"Sonoma	s	Birdman"	,	Sebastiani	is	known	as	one	of
	America	s	foremost	rare	bird	collectors.	As	an	internationally
	recognized	ornithologist,	he	maintains	large	aviaries	filled	with
	exotic	swans,	geese,	ducks	and	doves	from	throughout	the	world
	around	his	stone-walled	hilltop	home.	His	collection	of	doves	is
	regarded	as	one	of	the	worlds	most	extensive.	Because	of	his	keen
	interest	and	knowledge	of	wildfowl,	the	Federal	Government	awarded
	Sebastiani	a	rare	pair	of	trumpeter	swans	for	safekeeping	and	breed
	ing	purposes.	He	has	worked	on	the	tule	goose	project	where	he
	furnished	radio	sending	equipment	in	an	attempt	to	find	the	nesting
	grounds	of	the	tule	goose.
	Among	the	ninety	or	so	varieties	of	doves	that	he	has	there
	are	many	on	the	endangered	list.	He	is	not	only	trying	to	build	up
	a	supply	of	these	birds	to	help	preserve	the	species	but,	also	trying
	to	interest	other	breeders	to	do	the	same	thing	in	the	form	of	a
	world	bank	of	doves.	He	is	attempting	to	have	some	of	the	rare	swans
	and	geese	breed	in	captivity	so	as	to	develop	strains	that	will	be
	easy	to	breed	in	captivity	in	the	future.
	Each	morning	at	dawn,	this	dedicated	bird	conservationist	heads
	out	for	a	large	vineyard	pond	that	he	maintains	as	a	bird	refuge.
	Here	at	times	can	be	seen	thousands	of	wild	ducks,	geese	and	swans