274
	THE	POETICAL	WORKS	OF	THOMAS	MOORE.
	At	once	a	hundred	voices	said,
	"	It	is	the	mask'd	Arabian	maid	!	"
	While	SELIM,	who	had	felt	the	strain
	Deepest	of	any,	and	had	lain
	Some	minutes	rapt,	as	in	a	trance,
	After	the	fairy	sounds	were	o'er,
	Too	inly	touch'd	for	utterance,
	Now	motion'd	with	his	hand	for	more	:
	Fly	to	the	desert,	fly	with	me,
	Our	Arab	tents	are	rude	for	thee	;
	But,	oh	!	the	choice	what	heart	can	doubt
	Of	tents	with	love,	or	thrones	without	!
	Our	rocks	are	rough,	but	smiling	there
	Th'	acacia	waves	her	yellow	hair.
	Lonely	and	sweet,	nor	lov'd	the	less
	For	flowering	in	a	wilderness.
	Our	sands	are	bare,	but	down	their	slope
	The	silvery-footed	antelope
	As	gracefully	and	gaily	springs
	As	o'er	the	marble	courts	of	kings.
	Then	come	thy	Arab	maid	will	be
	The	lov'd	and	lone	acacia-tree,
	The	antelope,	whose	feet	shall	bless
	With	their	light	sound	thy	loneliness.
	Oh	!	there	are	looks	and	tones	that	dart
	An	instant	sunshine	through	the	heart,
	As	if	the	soul	that	minute	caught
	Some	treasure	it	through	life	had	sought	;
	As	if	the	very	lips	and	eyes,
	Predestin'd	to	have	all	our	sighs,
	And	never	be	forgot	again,
	Sparkled	and	spoke	before	us	then	!
	So	came	thy	every	glance	and	tone,
	When	first	on	me	they	breath'd	and	shone	:
	New,	as	if	brought	from	other	spheres,
	Yet	welcome	as	if	lov'd	for	years.
	Then	fly	with	me,	if	thou	hast	known
	No	other	flame,	nor	falsely	thrown
	A	gem	away,	that	thou	hadst	sworn
	Should	ever	in	thy	heart	be	worn.
	Come,	if	the	love	thou	hast	for	me
	Is	pure	and	fresh	as	mine	for	thee,
	Fresh	as	the	fountain	under	ground,
	When	first	't	is	by	the	lapwing	found.	1
	But	if	for	me	thou	dost	forsake
	Some	other	maid,	and	rudely	break
	Her	worshipp'd	image	from	its	base,
	To	give	to	me	the	ruin'd	place	;
	Then,	fare	thee	well	I	'd	rather	make
	My	bower	upon	some	icy	lake
	When	thawing	suns	begin	to	shine,
	Than	trust	to	love	so	false	as	thine	!
	1	The	Hudhud,	or	Lapwing,	is	supposed	to	hare	the
	power	of	discovering	water	under	ground.
	There	was	a	pathos	in	this	lay,
	That,	ev'n	without	enchantment's	art,
	Would	instantly	have	found	its	way
	Deep	into	SELIM'S	burning	heart	;
	But,	breathing,	as	it	did,	a	tone
	To	earthly	lutes	and	lips	unknown	;
	With	every	chord	fresh	from	the	touch
	Of	Music's	Spirit,	't	was	too	much	!
	Starting,	he	dash'd	away	the	cup,
	Which,	all	the	time	of	this	sweet	air,
	His	hand	had	held,	untasted,	up,
	As	if	'twere	fix'd	by	magic	there,
	And	naming	her,	so	long	unnam'd,
	So	long	unseen,	wildly	exclaim'd,
	"Oh	NOURMAHAL	!	oh	NOURMAHAL	!
	Hadst	thou	but	sung	this	witching	strain,
	I	could	forget	forgive	thee	all,
	And	never	leave	those	eyes	again."
	The	mask	is	off	the	charm	is	wrought
	And	SELIM	to	his	heart	has	caught,
	In	blushes,	more	than	ever	bright,
	His	NOURMAHAL,	his	Haram's	Light	!
	And	well	do	vanish'd	frowns	enhance
	The	charm	of	every	brighteu'd	glance	;
	And	dearer	seems	each	dawning	smile
	For	having	lost	its	light	awhile	:
	And,	happier	now	for	all	her	sighs,
	As	on	his	arm	her	head	reposes,
	She	whispers	him,	with	laughing	e;
	"	Remember,	love,	the	Feast	of	j
	FADLADEEN,	at	the	conclusion	of	this	light
	rhapsody,	took	occasion	to	sum	up	his	opinion
	of	the	young	Cashmerian's	poetry,	of	which,
	he	trusted,	they	had	that	evening	heard	the
	last.	Having	recapitulated	the	epithets,	"frivo-
	lous"	"inharmonious"	"nonsensical,"	he
	proceeded	to	say	that,	viewing	it	in	the	most
	favourable	light,	it	resembled	one	of	those
	Maldavian	boats,	to	which	the	Princess	had
	alluded	in	the	relation	of	her	dream,	a	slight
	gilded	thing,	sent	adrift	without	rudder	or
	ballast,	and	with	nothing	but	vapid	sweets	and
	faded	flowers	on	board.	The	profusion,	indeed,
	of	flowers	and	birds,	which	this	poet	had	ready
	on	all	occasions,	not	to	mention	dews,	gems,
	&c.	was	a	most	oppressive	kind	of	opulence
	to	his	hearers	;	and	had	the	unlucky	effect	of
	giving	to	his	style	all	the	glitter	of	the	flower-
	garden	without	its	method,	and	all	the	flutter
	of	the	aviary	without	its	song.	In	addition	to
	this,	he	chose	his	subjects	badly,	and	was
	always	most	inspired	by	the	worst	parts	of
	them.	The	charms	of	paganism,	the	merits
	of	rebellion,	these	were	the	themes	honoured
	with	his	particular	enthusiasm	;	and,	in	the
	poem	just	recited,	one	of	his	most	palatable
	passages	was	in	praise	of	that	beverage	of	the
	Unfaithful,	wine	"	being,	perhaps,"	said	he,
	relaxing	into	a	smile,	as	conscious	of	his	own


Ve	ru^<
	^CL&Cry
	THE	LOVES	'OF	THE	ANGELS
	ORIGINAL	PREFACE
	THE	Eastern	story	of	the	angels	Harut	and
	Marut,	and	the	Rabbinical	fictions	of	the	loves
	of	Uzziel	and	Sharachazai,	1	are	the	only	sources
	to	which	I	need	refer,	for	the	origin	of	the
	notion	on	which	this	Romance	is	founded.	In
	addition	to	the	fitness	of	the	subject	for	poetry,
	it	struck	me	also	as	capable	of	affording	an
	allegorical	medium,	through	which	might	be
	shadowed	out	(as	I	have	endeavoured	to	do	in
	the	following	stories)	the	fall	of	the	Soul	from
	its	original	purity	2	the	loss	of	light	and
	happiness	which	it	suffers,	in	the	pursuit	of
	this	world's	perishable	pleasures	and	the
	punishments,	both	from	conscience	and	Diviue
	justice,	with	which	impurity,	pride,	and	pre-
	sumptuous	inquiry	into	the	awful	secrets	of
	Heaven	are	sure	to	be	visited.	The	beautiful
	story	of	Cupid	and	Psyche	owes	its	chief	charm
	to	this	sort	of	"veiled	meaning,"	and	it	has
	been	my	wish	(however	I	may	have	failed	in
	the	attempt)	to	communicate	to	the	following
	pages	the	same	moral	interest.
	Among	the	doctrines,	or	notions,	derived	by
	Plato	from	the	East,	one	of	the	most	natural
	and	sublime	is	that	which	inculcates	the	pre-
	existence	of	the	soul,	and	its	gradual	descent
	into	this	dark	material	world,	from	that	region
	of	spirit	and	light	which	it	is	supposed	to	have
	once	inhabited,	and	to	which,	after	a	long	lapse
	of	purification	and	trial,	it	will	return.	This
	belief,	under	various	symbolical	forms,	may	be
	traced	through	almost	all	the	Oriental	theo-
	logies.	The	Chaldeans	represent	the	Soul	as
	originally	endowed	with	wings,	which	fall	away
	1	HTDE,	efe	Rdig.	Vet.	Persarum,	p.	272.
	2	The	account	which	Macrobius	gives	(in	Somn.
	Scipionis,	cap.	12)	of	the	downward	journey	of	the
	Soal.	through	that	gate	of	the	zodiac	which	opens	into
	the	lower	spheres,	is	a	curious	specimen	of	the	wild
	fancies	that	passed	for	philosophy	in	ancient	times.
	In	the	system	of	Manes,	the	luminous	or	spiritual
	principle	owes	its	corruption	not	to	any	evil	tendency
	of	its	own,	bat	to	a	violent	inroad	of	the	spirits	of
	darkness,	who,	finding	themselves	in	the	neighbourhood
	of	this	pore	light,	and	becoming	passionately	enamoured
	of	its	beauty,	break	the	boundaries	between	them,	and
	take	forcible	possession	of	it.	See	a	Treatise	"De	la
	Religion	des	Verses,"	by	the	ABBK	FOUCHER,	Memoires
	de	VAudtmie,	torn.	xxxi.	p.	456.
	278
	when	it	sinks	from	its	native	element,	and	rcujt
	be	reproduced	before	it	can	hope	to	returu.
	Some	disciples	of	Zoroaster	once	inquired	of
	him,	"How	the	wings	of	the	Soul	might	be
	made	to	grow	again	?	"	"	By	sprinkling	them,"
	he	replied,	"with	the	Waters	of	Life."	"	But
	where	are	those	Waters	to	be	found?"	they
	asked.	"In	the	Garden	of	God,"	replied
	Zoroaster.
	The	mythology	of	the	Persians	has	alle-
	gorized	the	same	doctrine,	in	the	history	of
	those	genii	of	light	who	strayed	from	their
	dwellings	in	the	stars,	and	obscured	their
	original	nature	by	mixture	with	this	material
	sphere	;	while	the	Egyptians,	connecting	it
	with	the	descent	and	ascent	of	the	sun	in	the
	zodiac,	considered	Autumn	as	emblematic	of
	the	Soul's	decline	towards	darkness,	and	the
	reappearance	of	Spring	as	its	return	to	life	and
	light.
	Besides	the	chief	spirits	of	the	Mahometan
	heaven,	such	as	Gabriel,	the	angel	of	Revela-
	tions,	Israfil,	by	whom	the	last	trumpet	is	to
	be	sounded,	and	Azrael,	the	angel	of	death,
	there	were	also	a	number	of	subaltern	intelli-
	gences,	of	which	tradition	has	preserved	the
	names,	appointed	to	preside	over	the	different
	stages,	or	ascents,	into	which	the	celestial	world
	was	supposed	to	be	divided.	1	Thus	Kelail
	governs	the	fifth	heaven	;	while	Sadiel.	the
	presiding	spirit	of	the	third,	is	also	employed
	in	steadying	the	motions	of	the	earth,	which
	would	be	in	a	constant	state	of	agitation,	if
	this	angel	did	not	keep	his	foot	planted	upon
	its	orb.	2
	Among	other	miraculous	interpositions	in
	favour	of	Mahomet,	we	find	commemorated	in
	the	pages	of	the	Koran	the	appearance	of	five
	thousand	angels	on	his	side	at	the	battle	of	Bedr.
	The	ancient	Persians	supposed	that	Ormuzd
	appointed	thirty	angels	to	preside	successively
	over	the	days	of	the	month,	and	twelve	greater
	ones	to	assume	the	government	of	the	months
	themselves	;	among	whom	Bahman	(to	whom
	Ormuzd	committed	the	custody	of	all	animals
	1	"We	adorned	the	lower	heaven	with	lights,	and
	placed	therein	a	guard	of	angels."	Koran,	chap.	xli.
	2	Bee	D'HERBELOT,	pzssim.


CATS	OF	HIGH	DEGREE	2O7
	Very	beautiful	is	that	shade	technically	called
	"blue,"	but	perhaps	more	familiar	to	us	as
	Maltese.	A	superb	specimen	of	this	color	a
	few	years	ago	lived	royally	in	a	house	where
	I	visited.	She	was	named	after	a	queen	of
	old,	and	no	royal	personage	ever	bore	herself
	more	magnificently	I	am	sure.	One	of	very
	rich	colors,	also	seen	in	New	York,	was	a	deep
	orange	running	to	smoke	-color.	Nothing
	could	be	more	exquisite	to	look	at,	though
	this	mottled	effect	is	not	considered	"the
	thing,"	and	detracts	greatly	from	the	value	of
	the	wearer.	The	black	Persian,	with	orange-
	colored	eyes,	is	one	of	the	rarest	and	most
	highly	prized	of	the	race,	and	the	pure	white
	is	perhaps	not	second	in	estimation.	There
	are	also	several	varieties	of	tabbies,	and	in
	nearly	every	one	the	deep	yellow	eye	is	the
	most	desired.	The	eyes	should	be	large	and
	full	;	the	hair	should	line	the	ears	and	fringe
	the	legs,	and	even	the	toes,	of	this	beautiful
	beast.
	The	love	of	liberty	is	the	ruling	passion	of
	the	Persian,	as	it	is	of	the	Angora.	Every	one
	of	the	long-haired,	indeed,	delights	in	long,
	solitary	tramps.	It	seems	impossible	to	cure


244	U8US	QUADRIGARUM.
	Nec	quidquam	irarum	reminiscitur	ilia	;	furoris
	Tarn	cito	defervet	vis	animique	cadunt.
	Quid	docet	haec	sella,	attente	perpenderis	;	et	nil
	Socraticam	dices	par	docuisse	scholam.
	USUS	QUADRIGARUM.
	IN	curru	conduce	locum,	visurus	amicum,
	Millia	qui	decies	distat	ab	urbe	novem.
	Impatiens	auriga	morae	nos	urget,	et,	hora
	Cum	nondum	sonuit	tertia,	jungit	equos.
	Vix	experrectus,	media	inter	somnia,	surgo,
	Per	longum	misere	discutiendus	iter.
	Ingredior,	sedeo	;	cubitumque	coarctor	utrumque	;
	Atque	duas	pingues	comprimor	inter	anus.
	Cum	matre	e	contra	puer	est,	milesque	protervus	;
	Distento	hos	inter	corpore	caupo	sedet.
	Nec	vix	illuxit,	quin	hinc	agitamur	et	illinc,
	Aspera	qua	ducit,	qua	salebrosa	via.
	Altera	tussit	anus,	rixatur	et	altera	;	jurat
	Miles,	pojKa^ei	caupo,	vomitque	puer.
	Dulce	sodalitium	!	si	sint	haec	usque	quadrigis
	Commoda,	maluerim	longius	ire	pedes.


CONTENTS
	SKETCH	OF	THE	LIFE	OF	THE	AUTHOR,
	DISSERTATIONS.
	Antiquity	of	Poetry,	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.1
	Origin	of	Poetry,	.......	2
	Nine	Muses,	...	...	3
	Origin	of	Poetry	in	general,	.....	4
	What	is	Poetry?	-.	...	5
	Hebrew	Poetry,	.......	7
	Poetry	of	the	Book	of	Job,	......	9
	Poetry	of	King	David,	......	10
	Song	of	Degrees,	.	.	.	.	.	.	.11
	Poetry	of	Isaiah,	.	.	.	.	.	.	.12
	Causes	of	the	Peculiarities	of	Hebrew	Song.	.	13
	Eulogium	on	Homer,	.......	14
	The	Iliad	.	.	.	....	.16
	Characters	in	the	Iliad,	.	.	.	.	.	.17
	Minor	Poetic	Writers	of	Greece,	.....	19
	Causes	of	the	Peculiarities	of	Grecian	Poetry,	.	.	.21
	Lament	for	Grecia,	.......	22
	Christian	Poetry,	.	.	.	.	.	.23
	Prospects	of	Genius,	.	.	23
	Origin	of	Poetic	Rome,	.	.	.	.24
	Her	true	Poetical,	.......	25


ORIGIN	OF	POETRY	IN	GENERAL.	5
	gi,	we	discern	those	rude	effusions,	made	to	celebrate	their	reli
	gious	festivals;	to	lament	their	public	and	private	calamities;	the
	death	of	friends	and	the	loss	of	warriors;	to	express	joy	on	their
	victories,	and	the	victories	of	their	heroes.	In	her	barbarian
	state,	therefore,	Greece	had	her	poetry	and	song.	There	is	a
	power	in	them	which	delights	the	wildest	of	barbarians.	History
	bears	witness	to	the	fact,	and	in	addition,	tells	us	that	the	philo
	sophers	and	statesmen	of	Greece	delivered	their	instructions	first
	in	song.	And	wherefore?	Because	in	the	age	of	tradition	verse
	would	lend	more	than	a	temporary	assistance	to	memory.	Mi
	nos	and	Thales,	according	to	Strabo,	sang	to	the	lyre	the	laws
	which	they	composed.	And	previous	to	the	age	of	Herodotus,
	history	appears	in	no	other	form	than	that	of	poetic	story.	Such
	is	the	origin	of	poetry	in	Greece;	and	such	is	it	in	the	primitive
	periods	of	every	nation.	The	same	enthusiasm	and	fire	mark
	the	early	poetry	of	all.	To	all	are	the	same	bold	and	extrava
	gant	figures.	Mankind	resemble	each	other	too	much,	in	the
	beginnings	of	society,	for	any	one	to	pronounce	the	hyperbolical
	manner	more	oriental	than	belonging	to	the	west.	It	is	peculiar
	to	the	east;	it	is	peculiar	also	to	the	great	and	widely	extended
	west.	One	thing	of	necessity	would	occasion	a	diversity	in	the
	strain	of	the	first	poetry	of	Greece,	as	also	in	that	of	her	kindred
	nations;	and	that	is,	variety	of	climate	and	manner	of	living.
	The	songs	of	the	Goth	are	of	slaughter	and	of	blood;	the	songs
	of	the	effeminate	children	of	the	incas	of	Peru,	and	of	the	seques
	tered	men	of	China,	are	of	the	milder	cast.	The	poetry	of	Athens
	had	a	cast	of	the	philosophical.	Poetry,	in	short,	was	first	sung,
	and	of	consequence,	falling	into	regular	numbers,	we	see	the
	origin	of	one	grand	characteristic	of	the	noble	art,	to	which	is
	given	the	appellation	of	verse.	So	much	upon	the	rise	of	poetry
	in	classic	Greece,
	DISSERTATION	V.
	WHAT	IS	POETRY?
	What	is	it	that	constitutes	genuine	poetry?	what	is	that	some
	thing	in	which	true	poetry	consists?	In	order	to	answer	this
	difficult	question,	the	term	itself	requires	explanation.	It	is	of
	Grecian	original.	When	poetry	had	in	some	measure	lost	its


THE	CONTENDING	BROTHERS.	93
	L.	SPEND,	No,	my	love	:	it	was	only	a	part	of
	thofe	infernal	fchemes,	contrived	to	deprive	me	of	my
	title,	and	inheritance,--But	what	are	titles,	and	eftates,
	or	the	world,	and	all	its	wealth,	compared	to	a	mo
	ment	like	this	?
	Miss	G.	rrOhmy	HENRY!	I	yet	gaze,	and	tremble,
	and	doubt	of	the	reality	of	my	happinefs.	But	ftill,
	there	are	other	concerns,	to	which	it	becomes	necek
	fary	to	attend.	Your	brother	BENJAMIN	gives	out
	that	your	father	bequeathed	him	the	whole	of	his
	fortune.
	L	SPEND.	That	my	dear	and	tender	father	(hould
	have	treated	me	with	fuch	iuiuflice,	is	qujt	impofli-
	ble,	my	love.
	Miss	G.	Impoflibilities	may	be	proved,	my	Lord	;
	to	money,	all	things	are	poflible.	'Tis	at	Law	as	at
	Arms	where	the	finews	of	war	are,	the	banner	will
	be	beft	atte	nded.	Your	brother	is	in	poffeffion,	and
	in	the	receipt	of	20,000!	a	year	;	and	little	iefs	than	as
	large	a	revenue	will	be	able	to	eject	him.
	L.	SPEND.	I	go,	to	fee	with	what	effrontery	he
	dare	to	ftand	againft	truth,	and	the	fight	of	an	el
	der	brother.
	Miss	G.	Ah	my	Lord	!	beware	that	he	is	not
	prepared	to	receive	you,	and	to	confirm	his	treache
	ry,	by	fome	ad	of	violence.
	L.	SPEND.	Fear	nothing,	my	love!	I	wi|l	not
	gp	unattended.
	Miss


BRITAIN.	249
	By	long	oppression,	by	Religion	roused,
	The	guardian	army	came.	Beneath	its	wing
	Was	call'd,	though	meant	to	furnish	hostile	aid,
	The	more	than	Roman	senate.	There	a	flame
	Broke	out,	that	clear'd,	consumed,	renew'd	the	land.
	In	deep	emotion	hurl'd,	nor	Greece,	nor	Rome,
	Indignant	bursting	from	a	tyrant's	chain,
	While,	full	of	me,	each	agitated	soul
	Strung	every	nerve,	and	flamed	in	every	eye,
	Had	e'er	beheld	such	light	and	heat	combined,
	Such	heads	and	hearts	;	such	dreadful	zeal,	led	on
	By	calm	majestic	Wisdom,	taught	its	course
	What	nuisance	to	devour	;	such	wisdom,	fired
	With	uuabating	zeal,	and	aim'd	sincere
	To	clear	the	weedy	state,	restore	the	laws,
	And	for	the	future	to	secure	their	sway.
	"	This,	then,	the	purpose	of	my	mildest	sons.
	But	man	is	blind	:	a	nation,	once	inflamed
	(Chief	should	the	breath	of	factious	Fury	blow,
	With	the	wild	rage	of	mad	enthusiast	swell'd),
	Not	easy	cools	again.	From	breast	to	breast,
	From	eye	to	eye,	the	kindling	passions	mix
	In	heighten'd	blaze	;	and,	ever	wise	and	just,
	High	Heaven	to	gracious	ends	directs	the	storm.
	Thus	in	one	conflagration	Britain	wrapp'd,
	And	by	Confusion's	lawless	sons	despoil'd,
	King,	Lords,	and	Commons,	thundering	to	the	ground,
	Successive	rush'd	:	Lo	!	from	their	ashes	rose,
	Gay-beaming	radiant	youth,	the	Phoenix-state.	1
	"	The	grievous	yoke	of	vassalage,	the	yoke
	Of	private	life,	lay	by	those	flames	dissolved	;
	And,	from	the	wasteful,	the	luxurious	king,	2
	1	'	Phoenix-state	:	'	at	the	Restoration.	-	'	Luxurious	king	:	'	Charles	II.


368	NOTES.
	unable	to	trace	in	any	dictionary,	appears	to	be	equivalent
	to	the	French	avoir	beau.
	IV.	To	Sleepe,	p.	151.	Suggested	by	the	following
	sonnet	of	Bembo	(Rime,	In	Venetia,	MDXL.,	p.	28)	:
	Sogno	;	che	dolcemente	m*	hai	furato
	A	morte,	&	del	mio	mal	posto	in	oblio	;
	Da	qual	porta	del	ciel	cortese	&	pio
	Scendesti	a	rallegrar	un	dolorato	?
	Qual	angel	hai	la	su	di	me	spiato	;
	Che	si	mouesti	al	gran	bisogno	mio	?
	Scampo	a	lo	stato	faticoso	&	rio
	Altro	che	'n	te	non	ho	lasso	trouato.
	Beato	se',	ch	j	altrui	beato	fai	:
	Se	non	ch'	usi	troppo	ale	al	dipartire	;
	E	'n	poca	hora	mi	toi	quel,	che	mi	dai.
	Almen	ritorna	:	&	gia	che	'1	camin	sai,
	Fammi	talhor	di	quel	piacer	sentire	;
	Che	senza	te	non	spero	sentir	mai.
	VI.	A	Chaine	of	Gold,	p.	152.	Compare	the	follow
	ing	madrigal	by	Marino	(Rime,	1602,	pt.	ii.	p.	114)	:
	Che	noue	arti	son	queste	?
	Per	catenarmi	il	core,
	Vai	catenate	Amore	?
	Che	uale	altra	catena,
	Oue	la	bianca	man,	P	aurato	crine
	Mille	ne	tesse,	e	piu	tenaci,	e	fine	?
	Cosi	per	premio	di	mia	lunga	pena
	Con	queste	braccia	un	dl	dato	mi	sia
	Di	far	catena	a	la	catena	mia.
	VII.	Epitaph,	p.	152,	1.	5.	grosse	:	"	big,"	"	fat,"
	VIII.	A	Translation,	p.	153.	We	have	not	succeeded
	in	discovering	the	original	of	this	piece.
	1.	2.	Exild	the	Champian	Ground	:	the	adjective
	"champian"	(or	champion),	of	which	the	modern
	equivalent	is	champaign,	means	"	pertaining	to	the	open
	unenclosed	country,"	"	the	open	land."


77
	MY	PLEDGE
	I	here	desire	to	give	my	pledge
	To	do	my	best	for	peace;
	So	help	me,	God,	to	do	my	part
	To	make	all	wars	to	cease.


TO	SIMON.	305
	And	belles	of	high	and	low	degree,
	From	Broadway	up	to	Cherry	Street.
	This	will	insure	you	free	admission
	To	all	our	routs,	for	years	to	come	;
	And	when	you	die,	a	long	procession
	Of	dandies	shall	surround	your	tomb.
	We	ll	raise	an	almond	statue	where
	In	dust	your	honored	head	reposes	;
	Mothers	shall	lead	their	daughters	there,
	And	bid	them	twine	your	bust	with	roses.
	H.	AND	D.


CONTENTS	xvii
	PAGE
	in	Poetry,	though	yet	Unexplained,	not	Inexplicable	True
	Poetry	inevitably	Natural	and	Original	Inspiration	Mo-
	mentary,	but	preceded	by	Incubation	and	Preparation
	Mental	and	Physiological	Creation	analogous	Invocation
	a	Solicitation	of	the	Unconscious	Mind	Relation	of	the	Con-
	scious	and	Unconscious	to	the	Two	Modes	of	Thought	86
	CHAPTER	VII
	THE	UNIVERSALITY	OF	POETRY
	I.	The	Imaginative	Thought	tends	to	Universality	First	be-
	cause	it	is	Freed	in	Time	and	Space	In	Vision	Time	and
	Space	Modified;	even	Dispensed	with	Poetry	partakes	of
	this	Freedom	II.	Secondly	because	it	is	Unpractical	and
	Disinterested	It	draws	on	a	Larger	and	less	Individual
	Fund	Poetry	shares	this	Advantage	The	Deeper	Thought
	producing	Poetry	Racial	as	well	as	Individual	The	Uncon-
	scious	runs	into	the	General	Mind	Thus	the	Poet's	Inspira-
	tion	comes	from	Without	106
	CHAPTER	VIII
	THE	DESIRES	AND	EMOTIONS	IN	POETRY
	I.	Dream	Vision	affords	Imaginary	Satisfaction	to	the	Desires
	The	Wish	Theory	of	Dreams;	supported	by	Literature
	Poetry	affords	similar	Imaginary	Satisfaction	The
	Desires	the	Motive	Force	Objections	Considered	II.	The
	Poetic	Creation	Analogy	to	Physiological	Creation;	to
	Divine	Creation	III.	The	Desires	arouse	Emotions	Emo-
	tions	essential	to	Poetry	Immediately	felt	or	Recollected	in
	Tranquillity	Of	Various	Kinds	in	other	respects	A	Vital
	and	Determining	Element	122
	CHAPTER	IX
	THE	IMAGINATION:	INTERNAL	AND	EXTERNAL	ELEMENTS
	I.	The	Imagination	the	Eye	of	the	Mind	Indispensable	to
	Poetry	Spurious	Substitutes	Fancy	and	Imagination


44	THE	POETIC	MIND
	matters	taken	in	their	entirety."	Reverie,	then,	joins	concretes
	or	wholes.	Reasoning	on	the	other	hand	is	essentially	analysis
	and	abstraction.	1	It	breaks	up	the	concrete	whole	and	sub-
	stitutes	for	it	an	abstracted	property	or	attribute;	it	purposely
	divides	it	and	uses	the	parts	as	tools	for	a	practical	end.	The
	first	is	the	method	of	poetry,	for	poetry	deals	always	with	con-
	cretes.	I	do	not	mean	of	course	that	an	abstraction	is	never	to
	be	found	in	what	we	call	a	poem,	but	only	that	poetry	is	essen-
	tially	concrete,	and	the	poetic	vision	which	in	its	source	is
	practically	always	so.	In	other	words	pure	poetry	uses	the
	method	of	mere	imagination	throughout,	and	deals	entirely
	with	images.	"Imaging,"	as	Dryden	declares,	"is	hi	itself	the
	very	height	and	life	of	poetry."	2
	We	may	turn	first	to	the	dream	which	is	clearly	concrete.	The
	dream	represents	not	ideas,	but	persons,	actions,	scenes.	In	a
	dream	we	take	part	hi	an	action	or	see	a	situation	before	our
	eyes	with	its	appropriate	background.	A	dream	is	a	kind	of
	ciramatic	representation,	a	series	of	scenes	in	that	theatre	of	the
	mind	of	which	Stevenson	speaks.	It	may	of	course	include
	sounds,	and	other	sensations,	that	is,	the	images	of	these.
	But	it	is	properly	a	vision.
	Poetry	is	strictly	analogous;	it	is	correctly	defined	by	David
	Masson	as	"	the	art	of	producing	a	fictitious	concrete."	3	"	With
	abstractions,"	says	Theodore	Watts,	"the	poet	has	nothing	to
	do,	save	to	take	them	and	turn	them	into	concretions."	4	This
	in	fact	provides	the	most	readily	applicable	test	of	the	presence
	of	poetry.	When	the	poet	uses	abstraction	he	is	giving	us
	reflection,	philosophy	in	verse,	not	poetry	proper.	When,	as
	so	often	Carlyle,	the	prose	writer	sees	his	idea	before	him	as	a
	picture	he	becomes	a	poet.	"The	quality	of	mercy	is	not
	strained,"	at	least	by	itself,	is	not	poetry,	though	it	is	Shake-
	speare's.	But	take	the	following	of	Teufelsdrockh:	"His	look	is
	1	Psychology,	vol.	ii,	pp.	325,	330.
	2	"The	Author's	Apology	for	Heroic	Poetry	and	Poetic	License."
	3	Wordsworth,	Shelley,	Keats,	and	Other	Essays,	p.	201.
	4	Encyclopedia	Britannica,	"Poetry."


THE	USES	OF	POETRY	295
	fictional,	and	concealed	plan	of	action;	the	concealment	pre-
	vents	our	seeing	its	true	value.	Or,	though	poetry	is	a	necessary
	preliminary	to	action,	we	are	too	intent	on	the	end	in	action	to
	see	the	value	of	the	means.	The	philosopher	does	not	see	that
	poetry	must	come	first;	the	man	of	action	is	absorbed	in	his
	final	but	special	part	of	the	whole	process;	even	the	teacher
	does	not	see	that	poetry	is	the	first	and	fundamental	requisite
	to	education.	We	are	all	practical	in	a	narrow	sense,	and	too
	short-sighted	to	see	that	poetry	is	indispensable	to	practice.
	Finally,	though	poetry	is	perennial,	it	is	always	tending	to	lose
	its	inspired	and	prophetic	character,	and	to	become	empty
	form	and	artistry.	It	then	ceases	to	be	poetry,	and	to	have	the
	value	of	poetry,	but	it	has	the	form,	and	charges	against	its
	emptiness	seem	charges	against	poetry	itself.	I	shall	not	engage
	in	a	defense	of	poetry,	which	has	always	taken	care	of	itself
	as	far	as	it	is	true	poetry.	I	am	only	trying	to	explain	the	reasons
	for	its	universally	recognized	value,	and	also	for	its	almost	as
	general	depreciation.
	The	universality	of	Shakespeare,	the	Shelleyan	Prometheus,
	representing,	as	we	have	seen,	not	the	individual	man	but	man-
	kind,	the	person	of	Christ	in	his	representative	character,	and
	other	examples	of	the	same	kind,	urge	us	to	rise	above	an	indi-
	vidual	to	a	generalized	conception	of	the	poetic	process	to
	the	conception	of	man	universal	as	poet	and	creator.	Science,
	which	generalizes	tardily,	must	still	look	upon	such	a	conception
	as	speculative	and	transcendental;	poetry,	always	first	in	the
	unifying	and	constructive	work	which	constitutes	human	prog-
	ress,	not	only	suggests	but	enforces	such	a	conception.	Poets,
	from	Plato	to	Wordsworth	and	Emerson,	have	recognized	that
	"	there	is	one	mind	common	to	all	individual	men,"	a	common
	human	mind,	finite	perhaps,	but	affording	our	natural	approach
	to	a	conception	of	the	divine	and	infinite.	"There	is	no	bar
	or	wall	in	the	soul,	where	man,	the	effect,	ceases,	and	God,	the
	cause,	begins."	The	poets	see	all	our	human	needs,	desires,
	aspirations	growing	into	one	as	they	approach	the	will	of	God.
	They	speak,	like	Wordsworth,	of	a	"	human	soul	of	universal


280	SWITZERLAND
	He	faded,	and	so	calm	and	meek,
	So	softly	worn,	so	sweetly	weak,
	So	tearless,	yet	so	tender,	kind,
	And	grieved	for	those	he	left	behind;
	With	all	the	while	a	cheek	whose	bloom
	Was	as	a	mockery	of	the	tomb,
	Whose	tints	as	gently	sunk	away
	As	a	departing	rainbow's	ray;
	An	eye	of	most	transparent	light,
	That	almost	made	the	dungeon	bright,
	And	not	a	word	of	murmur,	not
	A	groan	o'er	his	untimely	lot,
	A	little	talk	of	better	days,
	A	little	hope	my	own	to	raise,
	For	I	was	sunk	in	silence	lost
	In	this	last	loss,	of	all	the	most;
	And	then	the	sighs	he	would	suppress
	Of	fainting	nature's	feebleness,
	More	slowly	drawn,	grew	less	and	less:
	I	listen'd,	but	I	could	not	hear;
	I	call'd,	for	I	was	wild	with	fear;
	I	knew	'twas	hopeless,	but	my	dread
	Would	not	be	thus	admonished;
	I	call'd,	and	thought	I	heard	a	sound
	I	burst	my	chain	with	one	strong	bound,
	And	rushed	to	him	:	I	found	him	not,
	7	only	stirr'd	in	this	black	spot,
	7	only	lived,	7	only	drew
	The	accursed	breath	of	dungeon-dew;
	The	last,	the	sole,	the	dearest	link


The	Garden
	And	he	read	"Old	Homes,"	the	poem	lie	bad
	read	to	me	earlier	that	morning,	to	the	delight
	of	all.
	When	he	had	finished	he	looked	at	me	and	then
	at	Mary,	as	if	there	was	some	secret	between	us
	and	remarked	:
	"Here	is	another	I	had	forgotten;	I	should
	like	to	read	it	to	you,	if	you	have	no	objections.
	It	is	called	The	Chipmunk.	"
	"Oh,	let	s	have	it!"	I	said.	"We	saw	three
	of	them	playing	catcher	on	the	fence	a	while	ago."
	"Yes,"	said	Mr.	Babbit,	"let	s	have	it	at
	once."
	And	the	Poet	read	in	a	cheerful	voice	:
	He	makes	a	roadway	of	the	crumbling	fence,
	Or	on	the	fallen	tree	brown	as	a	leaf
	Fall	stripes	with	russet	gambols	down	the	dense
	Green	twilight	of	the	woods.	We	see	not	whence
	He	comes,	nor	whither	(in	a	time	so	brief)
	He	vanishes	swift	carrier	of	some	fay,
	Some	pixy	steed	that	haunts	our	child-belief
	A	goblin	glimpse	upon	a	wildwood	way.
	What	harlequin	mood	of	nature	qualified
	Him	so	with	happiness!	and	limbed	him	with
	Such	young	activity	as	winds,	that	ride
	The	ripples,	have,	dancing	on	every	side?
	As	sunbeams	know,	that	urge	the	sap	and	pith
	73


POETRY	AND	CONTEMPORARY	SPEECH	7
	even	the	smallest	Elizabethans	have	a	knack	of	thrilling	our	minds
	with	delicious	verbal	explosions	though	doubtless	they	often	have
	nothing	else	for	us.	Is	it	not	likely,	that	the	reason	for	this	is	that
	the	poetry	of	that	time	was	so	intimately	in	touch	with	common
	speech	?	In	spite	of	huge	avidity,	sometimes	laudable,	sometimes
	absurd,	for	books	and	learning,	the	accent	and	idiom	of	Elizabethan
	poetry	seems	always	close	to	the	accent	and	idiom	of	speech.	It	is,
	of	course,	as	different	from	the	actuality	of	speech	as	any	poetry	;
	but	yet.it	very	noticeably	seems	poetry	which	found	its	prime	material,
	not	in	a	language	already	broken	in	by	literature,	but	in	the	language
	of	people	talking,	of	speech,	full	of	the	rapid	shadows	and	gleams,	the
	expressive	irregularities	and	careless	experiments,	of	conversation.
	It	could	not,	perhaps,	be	otherwise.	Elizabethan	poetry	took	place
	in	the	midst	of,	and	as	a	direct	consequence	of,	the	general	life	of
	its	time	:	its	language	had	to	belong	vividly	to	its	time	in	conse
	quence	even	had	to	take	up	the	slang	of	its	time.	Subsequently,
	poetry	for	the	most	part	took	place	in	a	corner,	and	became	an
	aberrant	form	of	life	:	and	it	was	then	that	poetry	developed	a
	conscience	about	the	use	of	slang.	Moreover,	Elizabethan	poetry
	happened	just	as	modern	English	finished	its	schooling.	There	was
	scarcely	any	language	available	for	an	Elizabethan	poet	except	the
	language	spoken	all	about	him	:	English	(I	mean,	of	course,	modern
	English)	scarcely	existed	as	printed	literature.
	Well,	when	poetry	is	not	compelled,	like	the	Elizabethan,	to	rely
	on	contemporary	speech	for	the	chief	supply	of	verbal	potential,
	it	runs	a	great	risk	unless	it	does	this	deliberately.	Language
	exists	as	indisputably	and	as	wonderfully	in	literature	as	in	speech	;
	but	it_is_speech	that	is	the	main	reservoir	of	thepoetic	power	of
	Janguage.	In	the	first	place,	the	original	element	of	poetic	expression
	is	the	spoken	word.	It	would	be	absurd	to	deny	the	immense	impor
	tance	of	printing	and	reading	to	poetry.	But	the	printed	word	is,
	for	the	poet,	nothing	but	a	symbol	of	the	spoken	word	;	and	by	always
	treating	it	as	that,	the	poet,	when	he	gets	his	work	printed,	manages
	without	losing	his	appeal	to	the	ear	the	inward	ear	to	appeal	also
	to	the	much	quicker	and	finer	apprehension	of	the	eye.	But	poetry,
	however	greatly	advantageous	printing	may	be	as	a	notation,	is	not
	made	out	of	printed	words,	but	out	of	spoken	words	;	it	is	no	abstract
	existence	of	words	that	the	poet	has	to	feel,	but	their	actual	changeful
	life	in	speech.	Then,	in	the	second	place,	where	do	words	get	their
	stored-up	potential	vigour	from	?	They	get	it	almost	entirely	from
	use,	from	constant	use	in	connexion	with	action.	No	two	actions	are
	the	same	;	but	the	words	for	them	may	very	well	be	the	same.


POETRY	AND	CONTEMPORARY	SPEECH	7
	even	the	smallest	Elizabethans	have	a	knack	of	thrilling	our	minds
	with	delicious	verbal	explosions	though	doubtless	they	often	have
	nothing	else	for	us.	Is	it	not	likely,	that	the	reason	for	this	is	that
	the	poetry	of	that	time	was	so	intimately	in	touch	with	common
	speech	?	In	spite	of	huge	avidity,	sometimes	laudable,	sometimes
	absurd,	for	books	and	learning,	the	accent	and	idiom	of	Elizabethan
	poetry	seems	always	close	to	the	accent	and	idiom	of	speech.	It	is,
	of	course,	as	different	from	the	actuality	of	speech	as	any	poetry	;
	but	yet	it	very	noticeably	seems	poetry	which	found	its	prime	material,
	not	in	a	language	already	broken	in	by	literature,	but	in	the	language
	of	people	talking,	of	speech,	full	of	the	rapid	shadows	and	gleams,	the
	expressive	irregularities	and	careless	experiments,	of	conversation.
	It	could	not,	perhaps,	be	otherwise.	Elizabethan	poetry	took	place
	in	the	midst	of,	and	as	a	direct	consequence	of,	the	general	life	of
	its	time	:	its	language	had	to	belong	vividly	to	its	time	in	conse
	quence	even	had	to	take	up	the	slang	of	its	time.	Subsequently,
	poetry	for	the	most	part	took	place	in	a	corner,	and	became	an
	aberrant	form	of	life	:	and	it	was	then	that	poetry	developed	a
	conscience	about	the	use	of	slang.	Moreover,	Elizabethan	poetry
	happened	just	as	modern	English	finished	its	schooling.	There	was
	scarcely	any	language	available	for	an	Elizabethan	poet	except	the
	language	spoken	all	about	him	:	English	(I	mean,	of	course,	modern
	English)	scarcely	existed	as	printed	literature.
	Well,	when	poetry	is	not	compelled,	like	the	Elizabethan,	to	rely
	on	contemporary	speech	for	the	chief	supply	of	verbal	potential,
	it	runs	a	great	risk	unless	it	does	this	deliberately.	Language
	exists	as	indisputably	and	as	wonderfully	in	literature	as	in	speech	;
	but	it	is	speech	that	is	the	main	reservoir	of	the	poetic	power	of
	language.	In	the	first	place,	the	original	element	of	poetic	expression
	is	the	spoken	word.	It	would	be	absurd	to	deny	the	immense	impor
	tance	of	printing	and	reading	to	poetry.	But	the	printed	word	is,
	for	the	poet,	nothing	but	a	symbol	of	the	spoken	word	;	and	by	always
	treating	it	as	that,	the	poet,	when	he	gets	his	work	printed,	manages
	without	losing	his	appeal	to	the	ear	the	inward	ear	to	appeal	also
	to	the	much	quicker	and	finer	apprehension	of	the	eye.	But	poetry,
	however	greatly	advantageous	printing	may	be	as	a	notation,	is	not
	made	out	of	printed	words,	but	out	of	spoken	words	;	it	is	no	abstract
	existence	of	words	that	the	poet	has	to	feel,	but	their	actual	changeful
	life	in	speech.	Then,	in	the	second	place,	where	do	words	get	their
	stored-up	potential	vigour	from	?	They	get	it	almost	entirely	from
	use,	from	constant	use	in	connexion	with	action.	No	two	actions	are
	the	same	;	but	the	words	for	them	may	very	well	be	the	same.


122	The	Philosophy	of	tJie	Beautiful	CHAP.
	Learning	(1605).	An	Apologie	of	Poetry,	by	Sir	John
	Harington	(1634).	Dryden	s	Essay	of	Dramatic
	Poesie	(1668).	Wordsworth	s	"Preface	"to	the	second
	volume	of	Lyrical	Ballads	(1800)	;	his	"Appendix"	to
	that	Preface	(1802);	his	"	Dedication,"	to	Sir	George
	Beaumont	(1815);	his	"Preface"	to	the	edition	of	his
	Poems	(1815);	and	his	"Essay,	supplementary	to	the
	Preface"	(1815).	Lectures	on	the	English	Poets,	by	W.
	Hazlitt	(1818).	Shelley	s	Defence	of	Poetry	(1821).
	"	Poetry,	with	reference	to	Aristotle	s	Poetics,"	by	John
	Henry	Newman,	in	The	London	Review	(1828)	;	repub-
	lished	in	the	Cardinal	s	Essays,	Critical	and	Historical
	(1872).	Imagination	and	Fancy,	by	Leigh	Hunt	(	1	844).
	Poetics:	an	Essay	on	Poetry,	by	E.	S.	Dallas	(1852).
	Essays,	by	Ralph	Waldo	Emerson	(1852).	"	Theories	of
	Poetry	"	in	Essays,	Biographical	and	Critical,	by	David
	Masson	(1856).	"Poetry	and	Criticism,"	in	Essays,	by
	George	Brimley	(1858).	"Thoughts	on	Poetry,	and	its
	Varieties,"	in	Dissertations	and	Discussions,	by	John
	Stuart	Mill	(1867).	Lectures	delivered	before	the
	University	of	Oxford,	by	Sir	Francis	*Doyle	(1869).
	Essays,	by	Richard	Holt	Hutton,	vol.	ii.	(1871).
	Studies	in	Poetry	and	Philosophy,	by	John	Campbell
	Shairp	(1872).	Theology	in	the	English	Poets,	by
	Stopford	A.	Brooke	(1874).	The	Poetic	Interpretation	of
	Nature,	by	John	Campbell	Shairp	(1877).	Essay	on
	"	Poetry	"	in	Physiological	^Esthetics,	by	Grant	Allen
	(1877).	Preface	to	Poems	of	Wordsworth,	chosen	and
	edited	by	Matthew	Arnold	(1879).	Aspects	of	Poetry,
	by	John	Campbell	Shairp	(1881).	The	Liberal
	Movement	in	English	Literature,	by	W.	J.	Courthope


CH.	77]	LIGHTING	AND	FOCUSING	53
	dence	divided	by	the	sine	of	the	angle	of	refraction	equals	the	index	of	refraction.
	In	the	figures,	\	.	7	=	index	of	refraction.	Worked	out	completely	in
	oin	C	lj	J\
	Fig.	54,
	the	index	of	refraction	from	air	to	water	is	1.33.	(See	$	33.)	In	Figs.	55-56,
	illustrating	refraction	in	crown	glass,	the	angles	being	given,	the	problem	is	easily
	solved	as	just	illustrated.	(For	table	of	natural	sines	see	third	page	of	cover	;	for
	interpolation,	|	32).
	|	98.	Absolute	Index	of	Refraction.	This	is	the	index	of	refraction	obtained
	when	the	incident	ray	passes	from	a	vacuum	into	a	given	medium.	As	the	index
	of	the	vacuum	is	taken	as	unity,	the	absolute	index	of	any	substance	is	always
	greater	than	unity.	For	many	purposes,	as	for	the	object	of	this	book,
	air	is	treated	as	if	it	were	a	vacuum,	and	its	index	is	called	unity,	but	in	reality
	the	index	of	refraction	of	air	is	about	3	ten-thousandths	greater	than	unity.
	Whenever	the	refractive	index	of	a	substance	is	given,	the	absolute	index	is
	meant	unless	otherwise	stated.	For	example,	when	the	index	of	refraction	of
	water	is	said	to	be	1.33,	and	of	crown	glass	1.52,	etc.,	these	figures	represent	the
	absolute	index,	and	the	incident	ray	is	supposed	to	be	in	a	vacuum.
	\	99.	Relative	Index	of	Refraction.	This	is	the	index	of	refraction	between
	two	contiguous	media,	as	for	example	between	glass	and	diamond,	water	and
	glass,	etc.	It	is	obtained	by	dividing	the	absolute	index	of	refraction	of	the	sub-
	stance	containing	the	refracted	ray,	by	the	absolute	index	of	the	substance	trans-
	mitting	the	incident	ray.	For	example,	the	relative	index	from	water	to	glass	is
	1.52	divided	by	1.33.	If	the	light	passed	from	glass	to	water	it	would	be,	1.33
	divided	by	1.52.
	By	a	study	of	the	figures	showing	refraction,	it	will	be	seen	that	the	greater	the
	refraction	the	less	the	angle	and	consequently	the	less	the	sine	of	the	angle,	and	as
	the	refracti	on	between	two	media	is	the	ratio	of	the	sines	of	the	angles	of	incidence
	and	refraction	(	-	)	,	it	will	be	seen	that	whenever	the	sine	of	the	angle	of	refrac-
	Vsin	rj\
	tion	is	increased	by	being	in	a	less	refractive	medium,	the	index	of	refraction	will
	show	a	corresponding	decrease	and	vice	versa.	That	is	ihe	ratio	of	the	sines	of	the
	angles	of	incidence	and	refraction	of	any	two	contiguous	substances	is	inversely	as
	the	refractive	indices	of	those	substances.	The	formula	is	:
	/	Sine	of	angle	of	incident	ray	\	/	Index	of	refraction	of	refracting	medium	\
	\	Sine	of	angle	of	refracted	ray	/	\	Index	of	refraction	of	incident	medium	/
	Abbreviated	(	-	-	|	=	|	r	-.	)	B	V	means	of	this	general	formula	one	can
	\sm	rj	\index	ij
	solve	any	problem	in	refraction	whenever	three	factors	of	the	problem	are	known.
	The	universality	of	the	law	may	be	illustrated	by	the	following	cases	:
	(A)	Light	incident	in	a	vacuum	or	in	air,	and	entering	some	denser	medium,
	as	water,	glass,	diamond,	etc.
	/	Sine	of	angle	made	by	the	ray	in	air	\	_	/Index	of	ref.of	denser	med.	\
	\	Sine	of	angle	made	by	ray	in	denser	medium	/	\	Index	of	ref.	of	air	(	i)	/
	If	the	dense	substance	were	glass	(	-	-	)	(	^	J	.	If	the	two	media	were
	\sin	r)~	V	i	/


ADDLETHORPE.
	29
	ADVIE.
	ADDLETHORPE,	a	par.	in	the	wap.	of	Candleshoe,
	in	tlie	co.	of	Lincoln,	9	miles	to	the	N.E.	of	Spilsby,
	and	very	near	the	sea	coast.	Boston	is	the	post	town.
	The	living	is	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Lincoln,	vol.	72,
	in	the	patron,	of	the	lord	chancellor.	The	church	is
	dedicated	to	St.	Nicholas.	The	parish	charities,	-which
	amount	to.	16	a	year,	include	some	cottages	for	the	poor.
	ADENEY,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par	of	Edgmond,	hund.	of
	South	Bradford,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	1	mile	S.W.	of	Edg-
	mond,	and	3	from	Newport.	It	is	situated	on	the	Shrop-
	shire	Union	canal.	The	manor	belongs	to	Lady	Tyr-
	whitt,	who	is	the	sole	landowner.	Bricks	and	tiles	are
	made	here.
	ADERRIG,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Newcastle,	in	the	co.
	of	Dublin,	and	prov.	of	Leiuster,	Ireland,	2	miles	S.W.
	Of	Lilt-ail.
	ADFORTOX,	a	tnshp.	united	with	those	of	Stanway,
	i	.e,	and	Grange,	in	the	par.	of	Leintwardine,	hund.
	of	Wigmore,	in	the	co.	of	Hereford,	7	miles	to	the	S.W.
	of	Ludlow,	and	2	miles	from	the	village	of	Leintwardine,
	near	the	confluence	of	the	rivers	Teme	and	Clun,	which
	abound	in	trout	and	grayling.
	ADGARLEY,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Urswick,	hund.
	of	Lonsdale,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Lancaster,	4	miles	to
	tin-	S.W.	of	TJlverstone.	It	is	situated	near	the	coast	of
	Jl	"i-i	combo	Bay.
	ADISHAM,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Downhamford,	in
	the	lathe	of	St.	Augustine,	in	the	co.	of	Kent,	5	miles	to
	the	S.W.	of	Canterbury.	Wingham	is	the	post	town.
	The	living	is	a	rect.,	united	with	the	cur.	of	Staple,
	in	the	dioc.	of	Canterbury,	val.,	952.	It	is	in	the
	patron,	of	the	archbishop.	The	church	is	in	the	form
	of	a	cross,	and	is	in	the	early	English	style.	It	has	a	low
	tmu	T,	and	is	dedicated	to	the	Holy	Innocents.	A	portion
	of	the	land	in	this	parish	is	laid	out	in	hop-grounds.
	A	court	leet	and	court	baron	are	held	for	this	manor.
	Adhisham	Street	is	a	small	village	half	a	mile	south.
	A	DLINGFLEET,	a	par.	in	the	lower	div.	of	thewap.
	of	Osgoldcross,	in	the	West	Riding	of	the	co.	of	York,
	10	miles	to	the	N.E.	of	Thome.	Howden	is	the	post
	town.	It	includes	the	tnshps.	of	Eastoft,	Foekerby,	ami
	Haldenby.	It	is	situated	near	the	confluence	of	the
	rivers	Trent	and	Ouse	with	the	Hmnber.	The	living
	is	a	vie.*	in	the	dioc.	of	York,	val.	330,	in	the	patron.
	of	the	lord	chancellor.	Besides	the	parish	church,
	which	is	dedicated	to	All	Saints,	there	is	a	new	church
	at	the	hamlet	of	Eastoft,	which	is	a	perpet.	cur.,	val.	150,
	in	the	patron,	of	Lady	Strickland.	The	charities	amount
	to	69,	and	include	an	endowment	by	Mary	Ramsden	for
	apprenticing	and	educating	poor	children.
	ADLINGTON,	a	chplry.	in	the	par.	of	Prestbury,	in
	the	hund.	of	Macclesfield,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Chester,
	5	miles	to	the	N.	of	Macclesfield.	It	is	situated	in	a
	picturesque	neighbourhood,	on	the	small	river	Bollin,	and
	is	a	station	on	the	Macclesfield	branch	of	the	London
	and	North	Western	railway.	The	parish	contains
	some	coal	mines	and	quarries	of	flagstone.	Silk	weaving
	is	the	principal	employment	of	the	working	classes.
	Adlington	Hall	is	an	old	seat	of	the	Legh	family.
	During	the	civil	war	it	was	garrisoned	for	the	king,	but
	was	taken	in	Feb.	1645,	after	a	siege	of	fourteen	days,
	by	the	forces	of	the	parliament.	There	is	a	small	chapel
	in	it	which	received	the	bishop's	licence	in	the	reign	of
	Henry	VI.
	ADLINGTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Standish,	and
	hund.	of	Leyland,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Lancaster,	4	miles
	to	the	N.	of	Wigan.	Choi-ley	is	the	post	town.	It	is
	near	the	Preston	and	Bolton	railways,	and	the	Leeds	and
	Liverpool	canal.	The	living	is	a	cur.*	in	the	dioc.	of
	Manchester,	val.	150,	in	the	patron,	of	the	rector	of
	Standish.	The	chief	occupation	of	the	people	is	in	the
	cotton	factories.	Adlington	Hall,	the	old	seat	of	the
	Adlingtons,	has	a	pleasant	prospect,	and	contains	some
	valuable	pictures.
	ADMARSH,	or	BLEASDALE,	a	chplry.	in	the	par.
	of	Lancaster,	hund.	of	Lonsdale,	in	the	co.	palatine	of
	Lancaster.	Garston	is	the	post	town.	It	is	a	cur.,*
	val.	80,	in	the	dioc.	of	Manchester,	and	in	the	patron,
	of	the	vicar	of	Lancaster.
	ADMASTON,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Blithfield,	hund.
	of	Pirehill,	in	the	co.	of	Stafford,	2	miles	to	the	W.	of
	Abbots	Bromley.
	ADMASTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Wrockwardinc,
	hund.	of	South	Bradford,	in	Shropshire,	1	mile	to	the
	S.W.	of	Wellington,	and	half	a	mile	S.	from	Admaston
	railway	station.
	ADMINGTON,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Quinton,	hund.
	of	Kiftsgate,	in	the	co.	of	Gloucester,	5	miles	to	the
	N.E.	of	Chipping	Campden.	Admington	House	is	the
	principal	residence.
	ADMISTON,	or	ATHELAMPTON,	a.	par.	in	the
	hund.	of	Piddletown,	in	the	co.	of	Dorset,	5	miles	to	the
	N.E.	of	Dorchester.	It	is	situated	on	the	river	Piddle,
	and	is	pointed	out	by	an	uncertain	tradition	as	the	seat
	of	the	Kings	of	Wcssex.	The	living	is	a	rect.	united	with
	that	of	Burleston,	in	the	dioc.	of	Salisbury,	val.	200,
	in	the	patron,	of	the	Earl	of	Mornington.	The	church,
	di.-dicated	to	St.	John,	was	originally	a	chapel	of	case	to
	Burleston,	and	is	a	plain	stone	building	in	the	perpen-
	dicular	style.	The	register	dates	from	1693.	Admiston
	Hall	is	an	ancient	edifice,	built	before	the	year	1503,
	by	Sir	W.	Martin,	whose	tomb	is	in	the	church.
	ADMORGILL,	a	tnshp.	in	tho	par.	of	Bamolds-
	wick,	wap.	of	Stainclifl'e	and	Ewcross,	in	the	West
	Riding	of	the	co.	of	York,	3	miles	to	the	N.W.	of	Colnp.
	It	is	situated	on	a	branch	of	the	river	Kibble,	and	is
	united	with	the	township	of	Brogden.
	ADNEY.	See	ADENEY.
	ADPAE,	or	ATPAR,	a	town	in	the	par.	of	Llandyfriog,
	in	the	hund.	of	Troedyraur,	in	the	co.	of	Cardigan,
	South	Wales,	10	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Cardigan.	It
	stands	on	tho	north	bank	of	tho	river	Teify,	which	is
	here	crossed	by	a	stone	bridge	connecting	the	town	with
	Newcastle	Emlyn.	The	town	is	a	borough	by	prescrip-
	tion,	and	is	now,	with	Newcastle	Emlyn,	contributory
	to	Cardigan,	in	returning	one	member	to	parliament.
	Petty	sessions	are	held	here.	There	are	markets	every
	month	for	the	sale	of	cattle.	Adpar	Hill	is	an	elegant
	villa.
	ADSTOCK,	a	par.	in	the	hund.,	union,	and	co.	of
	Buckingham,	4	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Buckingham.	The
	living	is	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Oxford,	val.	444,	in
	the	patron,	of	the	Rev.	J.	Hart.	The	church	is	dedi-
	cated	to	St.	Cecilia,	and	is	a	very	ancient	structure,	with
	square	embattled	towers	and	two	bells	;	there	are	several
	very	handsome	windows.	In	the	chancel	is	a	monument
	to	three	successive	rectors	of	the	same	family,	named
	Thomas	Egerton,	who	held	tho	living	from	1587	to
	1720.	Here	is	also	a	Wesleyan	chapel.	During	the
	plague	which	raged	at	Buckingham	and	Winslow	in
	1665,	the	market	was	held	in	this	village.
	ADSTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Wcntnor,	hund.	of
	Purslow,	in	Shropshire,	4	miles	to	the	W.	of	Church
	Stretton.	It	lies	at	the	foot	of	the	hill	named	the	Long
	Mynd,	and	a	branch	of	the	river	Onny	flows	through	it.
	ADSTONE,	a	chplry.	in	the	par.	of	Canons	Ashby,
	hund.	of	Greens	Norton,	in	the	co.	of	Northampton,
	7	miles	to	the	N.W.	of	Towcester.	It	is	at	a	short
	distance	from	a	branch	of	the	river	Tove.	It	has	a
	chapel	dedicated	to	All	Saints,	and	a	boys'	free	school,
	established	in	1846.	There	is	also	a	Wesleyan	chapel,
	erected	in	1849.
	ADVENT,	or	ST.	ADVEN,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of
	I	,rsnowth,	in	the	co.	of	Cornwall,	1	mile	S.	of	Camelford.
	It	is	bounded	on	one	side	by	the	river	Camel,	which
	separates	it	from	Lanteglos.	Part	of	the	parish	is	moor-
	land,	having	a	substratum	of	granite	and	felspar.	There
	is	a	copper	mine,	but	only	a	few	hands	are	employed	in
	working	it.	The	living	is	a	rect.	united	with	that	of
	Lanteglos,	in	the	dioc.	of	Exeter.	The	parish	contains
	Trethym,	formerly	a	seat	of	tho	Vivians.
	ADVIE,	a	par.	in	Scotland,	now	united	with	the	par.
	of	Cromdale,	in	the	cos.	of	Inverness	and	Elgin,	8	miles
	N.E.	of	Grantoun,	containing	tho	ancient	baronies	of
	Advie	and	Tulchen	on	the	Spey	,	which	anciently	belonged
	to	the	Earls	of	Fife,	from	whom	they	passed	to	tho
	Ballendalloch	family	in	the	15th	century,	and	were	lately
	purchased	by	Brigadier	Alexander	Grant.


BALLYXACLOUGH.
	ICo
	BALLYNAKILL.
	par.	of	Kilbixy,	and	bar.	of	Moygoish,	in	the	oo.	of
	Westnienth,	prov.	of	Lcinstcr,	Ireland,	7	miles	to	the
	N.W.	of	Mullingar,	and	50	miles	from	Dublin.	The
	Royal	canal	passes	near	the	town.	The	markets	are
	held	on	Wednesday	and	Saturday	:	and	fairs	on	the	9th
	May	and	the	30th	October.	There	is	a	Roman	Catholic
	chapel,	a	dispensary,	and	a	police	station.	Petty	sessions
	are	held	weekly.
	BALLYXACLOUGH,	a	par.	in.	the	bar.	of	Coonagh,
	in	the	eo.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	2	miles
	from	Pallasgrean.	The	soil	is	good,	and	limestone
	is	abundant.	The	living	is	a	rect.	united	to	that
	of	Kilcornan,	in	the	dioc.	of	Limerick,	Ardfert,	and
	Aghadoe.
	BALLYNACLOUGH,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Upper
	Ormoud,	in	the	co.	of	Tipperary,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ire-
	land,	3	miles	to	the	S.	of	Xcnagh.	It	lies	in	a	fertile
	and	cultivated	country	on	the	banks	of	the	river	Arra,
	which	falls	into	Lough	Derg.	Limestone	and	fine
	marble	are	obtained	here.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the
	dioc.	of	Killaloe,	Kilfenora,	Clonfert,	and	Kilmacduagh,
	of	the	val.,	with	the	rects.	of	Dromineer	and	Kilkeary,
	and	the	vie.	of	Terryglass,	of	269,	in	the	gift	of	the
	Dean	of	Killaloe.	There	are	some	remains	of	a	castle.
	The	principal	seats	are	Debsborough	and	Ballynaclough
	House.	A	police	force	is	stationed	here.
	BALLYXACORRA,	a	vil.	in	the	bars,	of	Barrymore
	and	Itnokilly,	in	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ire-
	land,	near	Middleton.
	BALLYXACOURTY,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Dunkellin,
	in	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	3
	aiiles	to	the	S.	of	Oramnore.	It	is	situated	on	the	coast
	of	Galway	Bay,	and	comprehends	the	islands	of	Tawyn,
	3t.	Brendan's,	and	Inniscom.	The	harbour	is	sheltered,
	md	the	population	are	chiefly	engaged	in	fishing	and
	igriculture.	The	living	is	a	rect.	united	to	the	Warden-
	ihip	of	Galway.
	BALLYXACOURTY,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Corka-
	^uiny,	in	the	co.	of	Kerry,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,
	i	miles	to	the	E.	of	Dingle.	It	lies	in	a	mountain	dis-
	rict	on	the	peninsula	between	Tralee	and	Dingle	Bays,
	md	contains	the	vils.	of	Annascally	and	Ballinclare.
	The	living	is	a	vie.	included	in	the	union	of	Kilflyn,	in
	he	dioc.	of	Limerick,	Ardfcrt,	and	Aghadoe.
	BALLYXACREEX,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	Iinokelly,	in
	he	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	4	miles	from
	Jloyne.	It	is	situated	on	the	sea-coast.
	BALLYXADRUMMA,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Carbury,
	n	the	co.	of	Kildare,	prov.	of	Leinster,	Ireland,	5	miles
	o	the	X.	of	Carbury.	It	is	situated	near	the	Midland
	.treat	Western	railway	and	the	Royal	canal.	The
	iving	is	a	vie.	united	with	that	of	Carbury,	in	the	dioc.
	>f	Dublin,	Glendalagh,	and	Kildare.
	BALLYXAFAGH,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Clane,	in	the
	i.	of	Kildare,	prov.	of	Leinster,	Ireland,	4	miles	to	the
	\	T	.AV.	of	Clanc.	There	is	a	considerable	extent	of	bog
	u	the	parish.	The	living	is	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Dublin,
	ilendalagh,	and	Kildare,	val.	108,	in	the	patron,	of
	lie	crown.
	BALLYXAFAUXA,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	Condons	and
	.'langibbon,	in	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ire-
	.ind,	2	miles	from	Fermoy.
	BALLYXAGERAGH,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	Kilcarragh
	hd	bar.	of	Clanmaurice,	in	the	co.	of	Keny,	prov.	of
	jlunster,	Ireland,	6	miles	to	the	W.	of	Listowel.	It	is
	Lated	near	the	bank	of	the	river	Feal.	A	fair	is	held
	ta	the	29th	September.
	BALLYXAGORE,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	New-town,	and
	tir.	of	Moycashel,	in	the	co.	of	Westmeath,	prov.	of
	-einster,	Ireland,	3	miles	to	the	X.	of	Kilbeggan.	It	is
	ated	on	the	banks	of	the	river	Brosna,	over	which	is	a
	ur-arch	bridge.	There	are	extensive	flour-mills	and	a
	.leach-green.
	BALLYXAIIAGLISH,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Trugha-
	1	icmy,	in	the	co.	of	Kerry,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,
	miles	to	the	W.	of	Tralee.	It	is	situated	on	the	north
	lore	of	Tralee	Bay,	and	contains	the	vils.	of	Chapel-
	>wn	and	Kilfinura.	It	is	frequented	as	a	watering-
	ace.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	Limerick,
	Ardfert,	and	Aghadoe,	of	the	val.,	with	two	others,	of
	717,	in	the	patron,	of	Sir	E.	Denny,	Bart.	At	Kil-
	finura	is	a	coastguard	station.
	BALLYNAHAGLI8H,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Tirawley,
	in	the	co.	of	Mayo,	prov	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	5	miles
	to	the	S.	of	Ballina.	It	is	situated	between	the	river
	Moy	and	Lough	Conn,	and	comprises	a	large	extent	of
	bog	and	mountain.	There	are	quarries	of	granite,	lime-
	stone,	and	sandstone.	The	living	is	a	vie.,	part	of	the
	union	of	Ardagh,	in	the	dioe.	of	Tuam,	Killala,	and
	Achonry.	The	principal	residence	is	Mount	Falcon.
	Within	the	parish	are	several	remains	of	antiquity,	the
	ruins	of	castle	MacAndrew,	cromlechs,	and	camps.
	BALLYXAHIXCH	BA110XY,	one	of	the	18	bars,
	or	subdivisions	of	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,
	Ireland,	situated	in	the	western	extremity	of	the	county,
	bounded	by	the	Atlantic	Ocean	on	the	X.,	S.,	and	W.,
	and	by	the	bar.	of	Ross	on	the	E.	It	includes	the
	district	of	Connemara,	a	small	part	of	Joyce's	Country,
	the	pars,	of	Ballindooh,	Ballynakill,	Moyrus,	Oiney,	and
	the	town	of	Clifden.	It	is	almost	wholly	mountain	and
	bog,	and	covers	an	area	of	191,430	acres.
	BALLYNAHIXCH,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	that	name,
	in	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	6
	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Clifden.	The	neighbouring	lake	and
	river	abound	in	salmon.
	BALLYXAHIXCH,	a	small	market	town	in	the	par.
	of	Magheradrool,	and	bar.	of	Kinelarty,	in	the	co.	of
	Down,	prov.	of	Ulster,	Ireland,	9	miles	to	the	X.W.	of
	Downpatrick,	and	94	miles	from	Dublin.	It	is	a	station
	on	the	Belfast	and	County	Down	railway.	In	1798	an
	engagement	took	place	here	between	the	insurgents	and
	the	English	under	General	Xugent,	in	which	the	former
	were	defeated	and	dispersed.	The	town	was	founded
	about	the	middle	of	the	17th	century.	The	market
	is	held	on	Thursday.	Fairs	are	held	monthly	from
	January	to	May,	and	in	July,	August,	October,	and
	Xovember.
	BALLYXAKILL,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Ballynahinch,	in
	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	5	miles	to
	the	X.	of	Clifden.	It	lies	on	the	north-west	coast	of	the
	county,	on	Ballynakill	Bay	and	comprises	Cleggan	Bay,
	the	south	shore	of	Killery	Bay	and	the	several	islands	of
	Crump,	Innisbruin,	and	others,	extending	in	all	over	an
	area	of	47,963	acres.	A	large	part	of	the	surface	con-
	sists	of	mountain	and	bog,	the	hills	attaining	at	Letler-
	breckan	an	elevation	of	2,200	feet.	Agriculture	and
	fishing	are	the	chief	occupations	of	the	inhabitants.
	The	harbour	is	to	the	south	of	Rinville	Point	;	it	is
	capable	of	admitting	large	vessels,	and	is	well	sheltered.
	Small	piers	have	been	erected.	The	living	is	a	rect.	in
	the	dioc.	of	Tuam,	Killala,	and	Achonry,	of	the	val.,
	with	nine	other	rects.	and	vies.,	of	263,	in	the	patron,
	of	the	bishop.
	BALLYXAKILL,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Killian,	in	the
	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	5	miles	from
	Castleblakeney.	The	living	is	a	rect.	forming	part	of	the
	union	of	Moylough,	in	the	dioc.	of	Tuam,	Killala,	and
	Achonry.
	BALLYXAKILL,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Leitrim,	in
	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	8	miles
	to	the	W.	of	Portumna.	This	parish,	which	is	very	ex-
	tensive,	embracing	an	area	of	no	less	than	59,626	acres,
	lies	on	the	west	shore	of	Lough	Derg,	at	the	foot	of	the
	Slieve	Baughta	hills,	and	contains	the	town	of	Wood-
	ford.	The	soil	is	good	and	the	land	cultivated.	The
	loftiest	hill	is	the	Scalp,	about	1,070	feet	in	height.	The
	living	is	a	rect.	united	with	the	vie.	of	Lickmolassy,	in
	the	dioc.	of	Killaloe,	Kilfenora,	Clonfert,	and	Kilmac-
	duagh.	There	are	several	gentlemen's	scats,	among
	which	are	Marble	Hill,	Shannon	Hill,	Ballinagar,	&c.	A
	tract	of	land	of	above	1,300	acres	in	this	parish	was	pur-
	chased	by	the	Irish	Waste	Land	Society,	in	1836,	and	in
	twenty	years	the	value	of	it	rose	from	50s.	to	84.
	BALLYXAKILL,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Ballymoe,	in
	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	10	miles
	to	the	X.W.	of	Athleague.	It	is	situated	in	a	moun-
	tainous	district	on	the	river	Suck,	and	comprises	a	very
	large	extent	of	bog	and	waste	land.	The	living	is	a	vie.


BARRAGH.
	191
	BARROW.
	o	soil	is	poor,	and	ill-cultivated.	Black	cattle	and
	!	'cp	arc	pastured	on	the	hills.	A	fishery	is	car-
	jd	on	in	largo	boats	of	singular	form,	built	by	the
	unders.	Limpets,	cockles,	and	other	shell-fish	exist
	j	enormous	quantities,	and	f'urm	a	valuable	resource	in
	(	ics	of	scarcity.	The	ground	gradually	rises	from	the
	irtli	nnd	east	sides	of	the	island,	attaining	near	Chi-
	;	ncl	Bay	an	elevation	of	2,000	feet,	and	forming	a	rocky
	cist	on	the	south.	The	island	has	;i	p.od	harbour.
	'	e	language	spoken	by	the	people	is	pure	Gaelic.	The
	!	ing	is	in	the	presb.	of	Hist,	val.	166,	and	in	the	gift
	i	the	crown.	Besides	the	parish	kirk,	there	are	two
	(	icr	places	of	worship,	one	of	which	belongs	to	the
	].tnan	Catholics.	The	island	contains	several	circles	of
	tines,	and	other	remains	of	antiquity.	Barra	Head	is
	i	ofty	rock	on	the	southernmost	of	the	islands,	on	which
	lire	is	a	fine	lighthouse,	with	a	revolving	light,	680
	re	the	level	of	the	sea,	and	visible	to	a	distance
	*	33	miles.	The	area	of	Barra	Island	is	variously	esti-
	:	from	16,000	to	22,000	acres.
	BARRAGH,	a	par.	in	the	bars,	of	Forth	and	Upper
	'	Mullin's,	in	the	co.	of	Carlow,	in	the	prov.	of	Lcin-
	>	r,	Ireland,	2	miles	to	the	N.	of	Myshall.	It	is	situated
	iiir	the	west	bank	of	the	river	Slaney,	and	contains
	'	'	vil.	of	Carrickduff.	Part	of	the	surface	consists	of
	i]	untain	and	bog,	and	rises	at	Mount	Leinster	to	the
	Ight	of	2,610	feet.	Granite	and	limestone	are	quar-
	d	in	the	parish.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of
	-iory,	Ferns,	and	Lcighlin,	of	the	val.	of	253,	in	the
	'.	t	of	the	bishop.	There	are	several	seats,	of	which
	'	principal	are	Sherwood	and	Kilbridge.	The	par.
	(tends	over	an	area	of	13,297	acres.
	HAliUASFORD,	a	tnshp.	and	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of
	iiollerton,	Tindale	ward,	in	the	co.	of	Northumberland,
	^niles	to	the	N.	of	Hexham,	ando	N.E.	from	Four	Stones
	.".tion	on	the	Newcastle	and	Carlisle	railway.	Edward	I.,
	i	1303,	granted	to	this	place	the	privilege	of	a	weekly
	nrket	and	an	annual	fair,	but	it	is	now	only	a	small
	Imlet,	with	a	Wesleyan	chapel,	and	both	privileges
	tve	long	since	been	disused.	The	Duke	of	Northum-
	Irland	is	lord	of	the	manor.
	BARRA	WAY,	a	chplry.	in	the	par.	of	Soham,	and
	J	nd.	of	Staploe,	in	the	co.	of	Cambridge,	3	miles	from
	y.	It	i	situated	near	the	junction	of	the	river	Cam
	th	the	Ouse.	The	cur.	is	annexed	to	the	vie.	of	Soham,
	:	the	dioc.	of	Ely.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.
	cholas.
	BARRETT'S	BARONY,	one	of	the	20	bars,	or	sub-
	i-isions	of	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Monster,	Ireland,
	uated	in	the	centre	of	the	county,	and	bounded	on	the
	by	the	bar.	of	Orrery	and	Kilmore,	on	the	E.	by	the
	r.	of	Barrymore,	on	the	S.	by	the	bar.	of	Cork,	and	on
	o	\V.	by	the	bars,	of	East	and	West	Muskerry.	It
	ntaius	parts	of	the	pars,	of	Donaghmore,	Garryclone,
	>rnagh,	Mourno	Abbey,	and	Whitechurch.	The	area
	the	bar.	is	about	31,760	acres.
	I'.AKKETTS	GRANGE,	a	par.	in	tho	bar.	of	Middle-
	ird,	in	the	co.	of	Tipperary,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,
	ar	Fethard.	The	riving	is	a	rect.	forming	part	of	the
	ion	of	Killenaule,	in	the	dioc.	of	Cashcl,	Emly,Water-
	:-d,	and	Lismore.
	BARRHEAD,	a	small	post	town	and	quoad	mcra	par.
	the	par.	of	Neilston,	in	the	co.	of	Renfrew,	Scotland,
	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Paisley.	It	is	situated	on	the
	vern	Water.	The	inhabitants	are	mostly	weavers.
	10	living	is	in	the	presb.	of	Paisley.	Here	is	also	a
	ee	church,	a	United	Presbyterian	church,	an	Evan-
	Heal	Union	chapel,	and	a	Roman	Catholic	chapel.
	BARR-HILL,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	Colmonell,	in	the
	.	of	Ayr,	Scotland,	7	miles	from	Barr.	Here	is	a	Free
	urch,	and	cattle	markets	are	held	on	the	fourth	Friday
	April,	September,	and	October.
	BARRIE,	or	BARRY,	a	par.	in	the	co.	of	Forfar,
	otland.	It	is	situated	on	the	coast,	at	the	entrance	to
	o	Frith	of	Tay,	and	contains	the	vils.	of	Barrie	and
	moustie.	The	district	is	sandy,	and	contains	many
	iniili.	Many	of	the	people	are	occupied	in	the	manu-
	'ture	of	brown	and	white	linens.	The	vil.	of	Barrio
	aids	half-way	between	Dundee	and	Arbroath.	On
	Buddon	Ness,	at	the	south	extremity	of	the	parish,	ara
	two	lighthouses.	The	living,	val.	144,	is	in	the	presb.
	of	Arbroath,	in	the	synod	of	Angus	and	Meams,	and	in
	the	gift	of	the	crown.	There	is	a	Free	church	at	Barrie,
	and	a	chapel	of	ease	;	two	Free	churches,	and	a	United
	Presbyterian	church	at	Carnoustie.	The	par.	has	an
	area	of	about	10	square	miles.
	BARRINGTON,	a	par.	in	the	hirnd.	of	Wetherley,	in
	the	co.	of	Cambridge,	7	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Cambridge,
	and	about	the	same	distance	N.	of	Royston,	its	post
	town.	It	is	situated	on	the	river	Rhea,	near	one	mile
	from	Foxton	railway	station.	The	living	is	a	vie.*	in
	the	dioc.	of	Ely,	val.	107,	in	the	gift	of	the	Master	and
	Fellows	of	Trinity	College,	Cambridge,	who	are	also
	lords	of	the	manor.	The	church,	dedicated	to	All
	Saints,	is	an	ancient	structure,	with	embattled	tower,
	and	a	chapel	contiguous	to	the	north	aisle,	which	is	now
	used	as	a	burial-place	of	the	Bendyshe	family.	There
	is	a	handsome	Independent	chapel,	erected	in	1856,	and
	a	National	school	for	boys	and	girls.	The	charitable
	endowments	amount	to	13.	There	was	formerly	a
	market	held	here	on	Mondays,	granted	in	the	year	1335
	to	Thomas	de	Heslarton,	together	with	a	fair	for	three
	days	at	the	Feast	of	St.	Margaret,	but	these	have	long
	been	disused.
	BARRINGTON,	a	par.	in	the	southern	div.	of	the
	hund.	of	Petherton,	in	the	county	of	Somerset,	4	miles
	to	the	N.E.	of	Ilminster,	its	post	town.	Flax	and	hemp
	are	grown	extensively	in	this	neighbourhood.	The	living
	is	a	perpet.	cur.	in	tho	dioc.	of	Bath	and	Wells,	val.
	84,	in	the	gift	of	tho	Dean	and	Chapter	of	Bristol.
	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	Mary.
	BARRINGTON,	GREAT,	a	par.	in	the	lower	div.	of
	the	hund.	of	Slaughter,	in	the	co.	of	Gloucester,	partly
	also	in	the	hund.	of	Farringdon,	in	the	co.	of	Berks,	5
	miles	to	the	E.	of	Northleach.	Burford	is	its	post	town.
	It	is	watered	by	the	river	Windrush,	a	feeder	of	the
	Thames,	and	contains	a	quarry	of	fine	freestone,	which
	was	selected	for	building	Blenheim,	and	for	repairs	of
	Westminster	Abbey.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.
	of	Gloucester	and	Bristol,	val.	221,	in	the	gift	of	Lord
	Dynovor.	The	church,	which	is	in	the	perpendicular
	style,	with	an	embattled	tower,	is	dedicated	to	St.	Mary,
	and	contains	monuments	of	Lord	Chancellor	Talbot	and
	Captain	Bray.	The	parochial	charities	amount	to	17.
	Barrington	Park,	a	beautiful	and	wooded	demesne,	is
	the	seat	of	Lord	Dynevor.	Barrington	Grove	is	another
	pleasant	seat.
	BARRINGTON	HILL,	a	hmlt.	in	the	lower	div.	of
	the	hund.	of	Slaughter,	in	the	co.	of	Gloucester,	near
	Great	Barrington.
	BARRINGTON,	LITTLE,	a	par.	in	the	lower	div.	of
	the	hund.	of	Slaughter,	in	the	co.	of	Gloucester,	1	mile
	to	the	S.	of	Great	Barrington.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in
	the	dioc.	of	Gloucester	and	Bristol,	val.	100,	in	the	gift
	of	the	lord	chancellor.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.
	Peter.	The	charitable	endowments	amount	to	66	per
	annum.
	BARRINGTON'S	BRIDGE,	a	hmlt,	in	the	bar.	and
	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	4	miles	to
	the	E.	of	Limerick.	It	is	seated	on	the	banks	of	the
	small	river	Killcenagariff,	which	falls	into	the	Shannon.
	There	is	a	police	station	in	the	hamlet.
	BARRON'S	PARK,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Desford,
	and	hund.	of	Sparkenhoe,	in	the	co.	of	Leicester,	6	miles
	to	the	W.	of	Leicester.
	BARRONSTOWN,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Upper	Dun-
	dalk,	in	the	co.	of	Louth,	prov.	of	Leinster,	Ireland,	5
	miles	to	the	N.	of	Louth.	It	is	in	a	fertile	district	on
	the	small	river	Fane,	not	far	from	the	Dundalk	and
	Enniskillen	railway.	Tho	living	is	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.
	of	Armagh	and	Cloghcr,	of	the	val.,	with	three	other
	benefices,	of	339,	in	the	alternate	gift	of	the	archbishop
	and	the	Dean	and	Chapter	of	Christ	Church,	Dublin.
	BARROW,	a	par.	in	the	second	div.	of	the	hund.	of
	Eddisbury,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Chester,	4	miles	to	the
	E.	of	Chester,	its	post	town.	It	consists	of	the	tnshps.
	of	Great	Barrow	and	Little	Barrow.	A	preceptory	of
	the	Knights	Hospitallers	was	established	here	in	the


J
	BOYNTON.
	BRACEWELL.
	co.	of	Jrks.	Maidenhead	is	its	post	towii.	The	living
	is	a	pe;	>t.	cur.*	iu	the	dioc.	of	Oxford,	val.	120,	in	the
	patron,	f	the	bishop.	The	church,	which	has	been	re-
	cently	cuted,	is	dedicated	to	All	Saints.
	BO'i	TON,	a	par.	in	the	wap.	of	Dickering,	in	the	Ka	(
	.SHingl	the	co.	of	York,	2	miles	to	the	W.	of	Bridlii::;-
	ton,	ik	ost	town.	The	living	is	a	vie.*	in	the	dioc.	of
	"York,	'	the	val.	of	141,	in	the	patron,	of	Sir	<i.
	d,	Bart.	The	churcli	is	dedicated	to	St.	An-
	drew.	lOynton	Hall,	situated	in	pleasant	grounds,	is
	a	it'	the	Stricklands.	A	pavilion	stands	on	a	hill
	near	tl	hall,	from	which	there	are	tine	views	overBrid-
	"(BJRton	!a	y	and	a	large	extent	of	country.
	BO'i	UNAGH,	a	par.	in	the	bars,	of	Ballymoe	and
	;l|yaqui	in	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,
	10	miles	to	the	N.E.	of	Tuam.	The	district	is
	namaddy	is	a	vil.	in	this	par.	The	living
	mitedwith	the	rect.	of	Kilkerrin,	in	the	dioc.
	of	Tu	i	,	Killula,	and	Achonry.
	BOYIOWN,	or	BALTIBOYS,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of
	Lower	'albotstown,	in	the	co.	of	Wicklow,	prov.	of
	Ireland,	3	miles	to	the	S.	of	Blessington.	It
	I	in	a	mountainous	district,	on	the	banks	of	the
	ley,	and	comprises	an	area	of	25,135	acres.
	^ranitjand	slate	are	quarried	here.	The	living	is	a
	il	with	that	of	Blessington,	in	the	dioc.	of
	1	Dublinljlendalagh,	and	Kildare.	In	the	neighbour-
	Hpd	aaBaltiboys,	the	seat	of	Colonel	Smith,	and	several
	idences	of	the	gentry.
	I	lOlU'E,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Foxholes,	wap.
	,	in	the	East	Hiding	uf	the	co.	of	York,
	11	niU'	to	tho	\\	T	.	of	Burlington.
	<	)N,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Stratton,	in	the	co.
	..ill.	extending	also	into	the	hund.	of	Black
	n,	in	the	co.	of	Devon,	5	miles	to	the.	N.	of
	m,	its	post	town.	It	is	situated	on	the	banks
	ot	tl."	ver	Tamar,	here	forming	the	boundary	of	the
	nd	the	Bude	and	Launceston	canal,	and
	ludcfthe	hmlt.	of	Northcott.	The	living	is	a	perpet.
	.	ithe	dioc.	of	Exeter,	worth	120,	in	the	patron.
	iv.	G.	Prideaux.	Bearden	House,	the	old	seat
	/'vice	family,	and	Bradridge,	that	of	the
	aiv	now	farmhouses.	Agues	Rest,	one	of	the
	:	\T	ind"i	<!ueen	Mary,	-was	an	inhabitant	of	Norlh-
	fair	is	held	in	the	vil.	on	the	5th	August.
	IN,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Wilford,	in	the	co.
	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Orford.	Woodbridge
	1	n.	It	lies	near	the	sea-coast,	on	the	banks
	)	er	Aide,	near	its	mouth.	The	living	is	a	rect.*
	a	DC.	of	Norwich,	of	the	val.	of	365,	in	tho
	t	Mrs.	Warner's	trustees.	The	church	is
	to	St.	Andrew.	Here	are	almshouses	for	16
	women,	founded	and	endowed	about	1743	by
	.	"Virner,	the	revenue	of	which	now	exceeds	1,300
	i!:	'	V	IN,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Heytesbury,	in	the
	ot	'ilts,	3	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Heytesbury,	its
	:	n,	and	7	from	Wanninster.	The	Salisbury
	"ii	t	'the	Great	Western	railway	passes	near	it.
	sitnVii	d	on	the	south	side	of	the	river	Willy,
	of	the	Nadder,	and	contains	the	hmlt.	of
	on]	The	living	is	a	rect.*	in	the	dioc.	of	Salisbury,
	rich
	ored.
	-	-	small	<
	1.	of	549,	in	the	patron,	of	the	President	and
	of	Magdalen	College,	Oxford.	The	church,
	dedicated	to	St.	Mary,	is	a	good	specimen	of
	glish	architecture,	and	has	been	recently	re-
	It	was	erected	in	1301,	and	contains	a	fine
	dndow	and	an	ancient	font.	There	are	some
	ritable	endowments.	Boyton	House,	the	old
	ic	Lamberts,	was	built	in	1618.
	J!i	'VuNRATH,	or	LAGINSTOWN,	a	par.	in	the
	bar.	ot	liddlelhird,	in	the	co.	of	Tipperary,	prov.	of
	Mim-t.	Ireland,	4	miles	to	the	S.	of	Cashel.	It	lies
	.	near	tl	Great	Southern	and	Western	railway.	The
	living-	jan	impropriate	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Cashel,
	'	Emly,	Jaterford,	and	Lismore.
	BOZ	R,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	Stockbury,	hund.	of
	Eyhru	i	lathe	of	Aylesford,	in	the	co.	of	Kent,	7	miles	to
	the	S.	E	f	Rochester.	It	is	in	a	rich	and	beautiful	district.
	BOZEAT,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Higham	Ferrers,	in
	the	co.	of	Northampton,	6	miles	to	the	S.	of	Welling-
	borough,	its	post	town.	It	lies	on	the	confines	of	Buck-
	inghamshire	and	Bedfordshire.	The	living	is	a	vie.*	in
	the	dioc.	of	Peterborough,	of	the	val.	with	the	rect.	of
	Strixton	consolidated,	of	275,	in	the	patron,	of	Earl
	Spencer.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	Jlary.	The
	Wcsleyans	have	a	chapel	in	the	village.	The	charitable
	endowments	produce	22	per	annum.
	BRABOURNE,	EAST	and	WEST,	a	par.	in	tho
	franchise	and	bar.	of	Bircholt,	lathe	of	Shepway,	in	the
	co.	of	Kent,	6	miles	to	the	E.	of	Ashford,	its	post	town,
	and	3	N.E.	of	Westorhangcr	railway	station.	It	is	an
	ancient	place,	and	had	once	tho	privilege	of	a	market.
	The	manor	was	held	by	Aylmer	de	Valence.	The	land
	is	partly	laid	out	in	hop-grounds,	and	the	soil	is	wet	and
	elayey.	There	is	a	large	rabbit-warren	at	Brabourne
	Lees,	near	which	are	extensive	cavalry	and	infantry
	barracks.	The	living	is	a	vie.*	in	the	dioc.	of	Canter-
	bury,	of	the	val.	with	the	rect.	of	Monk's	Horton	con-
	solidated,	of	320,	in	the	patron,	of	the	archbishop.
	The	church	is	in	the	early	English	style,	and	is	dedi-
	cated	to	St.	Mary.	It	contains	several	ancient	monu-
	ments,	among	which	are	those	of	the	Scott	family,	to
	whom	the	manor	belonged.	A	fine	yew-tree,	nearly
	60	feet	in	girth,	is	mentioned	by	Evelyn	as	standing	in
	this	churchyard	in	his	day.	The	tithes	have	been	com-
	muted	for	270,	with	rectorial	rent-charge	of	613.
	There	is	a	Baptist	chapel.	The	parochial	charities
	amount	to	8	per	annum.	An	annual	pleasure	fair	is
	hold	in	tho	village	on	the	31st	May.
	BRACADALE,	a	par.	in	the	Isle	of	Skyo,	in	the	co.	of
	Inverness,	Scotland.	It	is	situated	in	a	wild	liilly	country
	on	the	south-west	coast	of	the	island,	at	tho	head	of
	Loch	Bracadale,	and	includes	the	small	islands	of	Soay,
	Vuiay,	Haversay,	and	Oronsay.	The	loch	aflbrds	good
	anchorage.	Gaelic	is	spoken	by	the	people,	many	of
	whom	are	reputed	to	bo	endowed	with	the	faculty	of
	"	second	sight."	The	living,	of	the	val.	of	158,	is	in
	tho	presb.	of	Skyo,	and	in	the	patron,	of	M'Leod	of
	M'Leod,	who	is	the	sole	landowner.	There	is	also	a
	I	iv.-	church.	The	par.	extends	about	20	miles	in	length
	and	8	miles	in	breadth.
	BRACEBOROUGH,	a	par.	in	the	wap.	of	Ness,	parts
	of	Kesteven,	in	the	co.	of	Lincoln,	4	miles	to	tho	S.	of
	Bourne.	Stamford	is	its	post	town.	It	is	situated	on
	tho	river	Glen,	and	is	a	station	on	the	Bourne	branch
	of	the	Great	Northern	railway.	The	par.	includes	the
	hmlt.	of	Shillingthorpe.	The	living	is	a	rect.	*	in	the
	dioc.	of	Lincoln,	val.	160,	in	the	patron,	of	the	lord
	chancellor.	Tho	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	Margaret.
	BRACEBRIDGE,	a	par.	in	the	lib.	of	the	city	of
	Lincoln,	in	the	co.	of	Lincoln,	2	miles	to	the	S.	of	Lin-
	coln,	its	post	town.	Tho	living	is	a	vie.*	in	the	dioc.	of
	Lincoln,	of	the	val.	of	203,	in	the	patron,	of	Mrs.
	Bromehead.	There	is	a	small	endowment	for	education.
	A	nunnery	formerly	stood	in	this	par.,	but	nothing
	remains	of	the	buildings	except	the	foundations.
	BRACEBY,	a	par.	in	the	soke	of	Grantham,	parts	of
	Kesteven,	in	the	co.	of	Lincoln,	5	miles	to	the	E.	of
	Grautham.	Folkingham	is	its	post	town.	The	living
	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	Lincoln.	The	church	is	dedi-
	cated	to	St.	Margaret.
	BRACE-MEOLE,	a	par.	in	the	Condovcr	div.	of	tho
	hund.	of	Condover,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	1	mile	to	the
	S.	of	Shrewsbury.	It	forms	part	of	tho	borough	of
	.Shrewsbury,	and	includes	the	tnshps.	of	Newton	and
	Nobold,	with	part	of	Pulley.	In	this	par.	is	the	Shrews-
	bury	poorhouse.	The	living	is	a	vie.	,iu	the	dioc.	of
	Hereford,	of	the	val.	of	361,	in	the	patron,	of	the	Rev.
	E.	Bather,	vicar.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	All	Saints.
	BEACEWELL,	a	par.	in	the	eastern	div.	of	the
	wap.	of	Staincliff	and	Ewcross,	in	the	West	Riding
	of	the	co.	of	York,	9	miles	to	tho	W.	of	Skipton,
	its	post	town.	It	is	situated	in	a	hilly	country,	and
	includes	the	hamlet	of	Stock.	Limestone	is	quarried
	in	the	neighbourhood.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the
	dice,	of	Ripon,	of	the	val.	of	123,	in	the	patron,	of
	J.	T.	Hopwood,	Esq.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.


BROCKLEY.
	389
	BBOMBOBROW.
	BKOCKLEY,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Chewton,	in	the
	co.	of	Somerset,	9	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Bristol.	It	is
	situated	in	a	romantic	and	beautiful	country,	not	far
	from	the	coast	of	the	Bristol	Channel,	and	is	crossed	by
	the	Bristol	and	Exeter	railway.	Near	the	village,	on
	the	south-east,	is	Brockley	Coomb,	a	deep	narrow	glen,
	of	singular	beauty,	sunk	between	steep	rocks,	rising	at
	some	points	to	the	height	of	300	feet.	It	is	adorned	with
	many	noble	trees,	and	all	the	fissures	and	ledges	of	the
	cliffs	are	enriched	with	a	great	variety	of	mosses	and
	other	forms	of	vegetation.	Lead	ore	is	found	here,	and
	there	are	masses	of	columnar	basalt.	The	living	is	a
	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Bath	and	Wells,	of	the	val.	of	128,
	in	the	putron.	of	the	trustees	of	the	late	Rev.	W.	Piggott.
	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	Nicholas.	There	are
	charitable	endowments	worth	about	9	a	year.	Brockley
	Hall,	lato	the	seat	of	the	Piggotts,	is	a	spacious	mansion,
	surrounded	by	beautiful	grounds	and	a	large	wooded
	park,	stocked	with	deer	and	containing	a	heronry.
	From	the	summit	of	the	rocks,	along	which	there	is	a
	drive,	the	view	is	magnificent	over	the	surrounding
	country	and	the	Bristol	Channel	to	the	coast	of	Wales.
	In	the	hall	was	fonnerly	a	large	collection	of	pictures
	and	rarities,	including	works	by	Vandyck,	Lely,	Hob-
	day,	and	Gainsborough,	a	bust	of	Napoleon	by	Canova,
	chairs	and	a	couch	of	Napoleon	brought	from	Malmaison,
	and	some	chairs	of	Cardinal	Wolsey.	The	collection
	was	dispersed	by	public	sale	in	1849.
	BKOCKLEY,	a	par.	in	the	hand,	of	Thingoe,	in	the
	co.	of	Suffolk,	6	miles	to	the	S.	of	Bury	St.	Edmund's.
	The	living	is	a	rect.*	in	the	dioc.	of	Ely,	of	the	val.
	of	458,	in	the	patron,	of	the	Rev.	W.	Sprigge,	in-
	cumbent.	The	tithes	were	commuted	for	an	annual
	rent-charge	of	4G3	in	1846,	when	a	new	rectory-house
	was	built.	The	church,	which	is	dedicated	to	St.	An-
	drew,	is	an	ancient	stone	building,	containing	a	fine
	painting	of	Christ	and	the	Doctors	in	the	Temple.	The
	register	is	very	ancient.	The	Baptists	have	a	neat
	chapel.	There	is	an	endowment	for	a	school,	and	several
	charities,	amounting	in	the	aggregate	to	about	50	per
	annum.
	BROCKMANTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Puddlestone,
	and	hund.	of	Wolphy,	in	the	co.	of	Hereford,	4	miles	to
	the	E.	of	Leominster.
	I	BROCKMOOR,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	King's	Swinford,
	and	hund.	of	Seisdon,	in	the	co.	of	Stafford,	3	miles	to
	the	N.	of	Stourbridge.	The	living	is	a	perpet.	cur.	in	the
	dioc.	of	Lichfield,	of	the	val.	of	150,	in	the	alternate
	tron.	of	the	crown	and	the	bishop.
	BROCKTHROP,	or	BROOKTHROP,	a	par.	in	the
	ddle	div.	of	the	hund.	of	Dudstone,	in	the	co.	of	Glou-
	cester,	4	miles	to	the	S.	of	Gloucester.	It	lies	at	the
	west	foot	of	the	Cotswold	hills.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in
	the	dioc.	of	Gloucester	and	Bristol,	of	the	val.	with	the
	pi	i	pet.	cur.	of	Whaddon	annexed,	of	180,	in	the	patron,
	of	the	Dean	and	Chapter	of	Gloucester	and	J.	Pitt,	Esq.
	The	chr.n-h	is	dedicated	to	St.	Swithin.
	BROCKTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Longford,	and
	hund.	of	South	Bradford,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	2	miles	from
	Newport.
	BROCKTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	North	Lydbury,
	hund.'	of	Purslow,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	2	miles	from
	Bishop's	Castle.
	BROCKTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Worthin,	and
	hund.	of	Chirbury,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	9	miles	to	the	N.
	of	Bishop's	Castle.
	BROCKTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Baswich,	hund.
	of	Cuttlestone,	in	the	co.	of	Stafford,	4	miles	to	the	S.E.
	of	Stafford.	There	is	a	small	endowed	school	in	the
	village.	The	chief	residences	are	Brockton	House	and
	Brockton	Lodge.	The	tnshp.	contains	about	1,990	acres.
	BROCKWEAR	COMMON,	an	ext.	par.	district	in
	the	par.	of	Hewelsficld,	hund.	of	St.	Briavel's,	in	the
	co.	of	Gloucester,	5	miles	to	the	N.	of	C'hepstow.	It	lies
	on	the	border	of	Monmouthshire,	on	the	E.	bank	of	the
	river	Wye.
	BROCKWORTH,	a	par.	in	the	upper	div.	of	the	hund.
	of	Dudstone	and	King's	Barton,	in	the	eo.	of	Gloucester,
	3	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Gloucester.	It	is	situated	at	the
	foot	of	the	Cotswold	hills,	and	is	crossed	by	the	ancient
	Ermine	Street.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	Glou-
	cester	and	Bristol,	val.	150,	in	the	patron,	of	J.	Watts,
	Esq.	Tho	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	George.	The
	charitable	endowments	produce	5	a	year.	The	village
	is	a	meet	ior	the	Cotswold	hounds.
	BRODICK,	a	vil.	in	the	par.	of	Kilbride,	Isle	of
	Arran,	in	the	co.	of	Bute,	Scotland,	about	20	miles	to
	the	W.	of	Irvine,	in	Ayrshire.	It	is	seated	at	the	foot
	of	Goatfell,	on	the	coast	of	a	small	bay	named	after	the
	village.	Brodick	Castle,	which	stands	by	the	sea,	on	the
	site	of	an	ancient	fortress	belonging	to	the	Boyds	and
	the	Stuarts,	ia	a	seat	of	the	Duke	of	Hamilton.	The
	village	has	good	accommodation	for	sea-bathing.	A	fair
	is	held	in	June.
	BRODSWORTH,	a	par.	in	the	northern,	div.	of	the
	wap.	of	Strafforth	and	Tickhill,	in	the	West	Riding	of
	the	co.	of	York,	5	miles	to	the	N.W.	of	Doncaster.	It
	includes	the	limits,	of	Pigburn	and	Scausby.	Brown
	limestone	of	good	quality	is	quarried	here.	The	living
	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	York,	of	tho	val.	of	367,	in	the
	patron,	of	the	archbishop.	The	church	is	dedicated	to
	St.	Michael.	The	parochial	charities,	which	consist	of
	the	endowment	of	a	free	school	founded	in	1696,	and	a
	more	recent	small	bequest	for	education,	produce	15	a
	year.	Brodsworth	Park	became	the	seat	of	the	Earl	of
	Kinnoul	in	1	7	1	3,	whose	grandson	sold	the	estate	to	Peter
	Thellusson,	the	father	of	Lord	Rendlcsham.	The'extra-
	ordinary	provisions	contained	in	the	will	of	Thellusson
	for	the	accumulation	of	his	immense	property	have	be-
	come	notorious	by	the	frequent	discussions	and	arguments
	in	the	courts	of	law	and	equity.	They	were	finally
	annulled	by	the	Court	of	Chancery,	and	an	Act	was
	passed	in	39	and	40	George	III.	for	prescribing	the	ac-
	cumulation	of	property,	known	as	the	"	Thellusson	Act."
	BROGDEN,	a	tnshp.	joined	with	Admorgill,	in	the
	par.	of	Barnoldswick,	wap.	of	Staineliffe	and	Ewcross,	in
	the	West	Riding	of	the	co.	of	York,	9	miles	to	the	W.
	of	Skipton.
	BROKENBOROTJGH,	a	par.	and	vil.	in	the	hund.
	of	Malmesbury,	in	the	co.	of	Wilts,	2	miles	to	the	N.W.
	of	Malmesbury,	of	which	borough	it	forms	part.	It	is	a
	very	ancient	place,	having	been	a	Roman	settlement,
	and	was	called	by	the	Saxons	Caerderberge.	The	kings	of
	Wessex	had	a	seat	here.	The	parish	is	on	the	border	of
	Gloucestershire,	and	is	crossed	by	the	ancient	way	called
	Akeman	Street,	near	which	fragments	of	Roman	pave-
	ments	have	been	found.	The	living	is	a	perpet.	cur.	an-
	nexed	to	the	vie.	of	Westport,	in	the	dioc.	of	Gloucester
	and	Bristol.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	John	tho
	Baptist.	There	is	a	small	charity	school,	and	the	paro-
	chial	charities	are	worth	3	a	year.	The	Earl	of	Suffolk
	is	lord	of	the	manor.
	BROKENHAUGH,	a	quarter	in	the	parochial	chplry.
	of	Haydon,	Tindale	ward,	in	the	co.	of	Northumberland,
	5	miles	to	the	W.	of	Hexham.
	BROMBIL,	or	BRONBIL.	See	BEOOMBILL,	Glamor-
	ganshire.
	BROMBLOW.	See	BROMLOW,	Salop.
	BROMBORROW,	or	BROMBOROUGH,	a	par.	in
	the	higher	and	lower	divs.	of	the	hund.	of	Wirrall,	in	tho
	co.	palatine	of	Chester,	4	miles	to	the	S.	of	Birkenhead.
	It	is	a	station	on	the	Birkenhead	railway.	The	par.
	lies	on	the	W.	bank	of	the	river	Mersey,	and	contains
	the	tnshp.	of	Brimstage.	It	was	the	site	of	a	small
	monastery,	founded	early	in	the	10th	century	by	Ethel-
	fleda,	Countess	of	Mercia,	which	flourished	but	for	a
	short	time,	being	destroyed	before	the	Norman	Conquest.
	The	manor	afterwards	formed	part	of	the	demesne	of
	St.	Werburgh's	Abbey,	Chester.	The	monks	obtained
	the	grant	of	a	weekly	market	and	an	annual	fair,	which
	have	long	ceased	to	be	held.	The	living	is	a	cur.	in	the
	dioc.	of	Chester,	worth	51,	in	the	putron.	of	the	dean
	and	chapter.	The	church,	a	small	building	with	a
	wooden	tower,	has	some	portions	in	the	Norman	style,
	and	is	dedicated	to	St.	Barnabas.	There	are	charitable
	endowments	which	produce	5	a	year.	Bromborough
	Hall	is	situated	in	a	pleasant	park	on	tho	banks	of	the
	Mersey,	of	which	it	commands	a	good	view.


BROUGHTON.
	399
	BROTJGHTON	GIFFORD.
	of	Amounderness,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Lancaster,	4
	i	ho	If.	of	Preston.	It	is	a	station	on	the	Lan-
	iid	Preston	Junction	railway.	Dortou	is	a	hmlt.
	of	this	parish.	The	living	is	a	perpet.	cur.*	in	the	dioc.
	of	Manchester,	val.	106,	in	the	patron,	of	Hulme's
	i.	Here	is	an	endowed	free	school	with	a	revenue
	of	130	per	annum,	the	produce	of	several	ancient	be-
	quests,	and	some	minor	charities	worth	about	14	a	year.
	BROTJGHTON,	a	par.	in	the	eastern	div.	of	the	wap.
	of	Stanley,	parts	of	Lindsey,	in	the	co.	of	Lincoln,	3	miles
	to	the	N.	W.	of	Glanford-Brigg.	It	lies	on	the	W.	hank
	of	the	river	Aucholnie,	at	the	foot	of	the	Heaths,	and	con-
	tains	the	limits,	of	Castlethorpe,	Gokewell,	and	Manby.
	Broughton	was	the	site	of	a	small	nunnery	of	the	Cister-
	cian	order,	founded	in	the	12th	century,	which	flourished
	till	the	Dissolution.	The	ancient	Ermine	Street	crossed
	this	parish.	The	living	is	a	rect.	*	in	the	dioc.	of	Lin-
	coln,	of	the	val.	of	824,	in	the	patron,	of	Joseph	Dent,
	Eaq.	The	church	is	dedicated	to	St.	Mary,	and	contains
	i	monumental	brass	of	a	knight	and	his	lady,	of	the	year
	1370.	There	is	a	small	endowment	for	edueation.
	BROUGHTON,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Orlingbury,	in
	"f	Northampton,	3	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Ketter-
	ii;^.	Wellingborough	is	its	post	town.	The	living	is	a
	:	lie	dioc.	of	Peterborough,	of	the	ral.	of	394,	in
	!'	1hu	Duke	of	Buccleuch.	The	church	is	dedi-
	St.	Andrew,	and	contains	a	monumental	brass
	o!	C<	1'i.rt	Bolton,	the	Puiitau	divine,	who	was	once
	i	this	parish.	The	charitable	endowments	for
	tit	of	the	poor	are	worth	13	a	year.	Broughton
	birthplace	of	Robert	Bolton,	and	of	William
	^*,	the	Nonconformist.
	BROUGHTON,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of	Bloxham,	in
	f	Oxford,	3	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Banbury,	its
	post	town.	It	lies	near	the	border	of	Northamptonshire,
	and	contains	the	hmlt.	of	North	Newington.	The	living
	fa	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Oxford,	of	the	val.	of	539,	in
	on.	of	the	Rev.	C.	F.	Wyatt,	incumbent.	The
	dmrch,	which	is	in	the	perpendicular	style,	is	dedicated
	to	St.	Mary,	and	contains	many	monuments	to	the
	families	of	the	Lroughtons,	Wykhams,	and	Twistletons.
	The	poor	have	the	benefa't	of	a	valuable	endowment
	founded	by	Lady	Saye	and	Sele,	and	producing	145	per
	annum.	Broughlon	Castle,	the	seat	of	Lord	Saye	and
	HeL',	is	moated,	and	wa.s	anciently	a	fortress	of	great
	strength.	It	was	founded	as	early	as	the	reign	of	Ed-
	ward	I.	,	but	a	largo	part	of	the	present	structure	was
	trr.ric	'1	in	the	16th	century.	It	has	some	good	stained
	windows,	with	the	arms	and	quarterings	of	its	various
	i	owners.
	BROUGHTON,	a	par.	in	the	co.	of	Peebles,	Scotland,
	10	miles	to	the	W.	of	Peebles.	It	is	connected	with	the
	Ionian	railway	by	a	branch	lino	of	8	miles	from
	Symington.	The	parish	is	situated	in	a	hilly	and	pic-
	turesque	country,	on	the	banks	of	the	Biggar	Water,	a
	feeder	of	the	Tweed,	and	consists	chiefly	of	pasture
	land.	Broughton	is	separated	from	the	co.	of	Lanark
	by	.Skirling,	and	is	3^	miles	long	by	2j	broad.	The	sole
	proprietor	is	Macqueen	of	Braxfield.	The	vil.	of	Brough-
	ton	is	5	miles	E.	of	Biggar.	The	living	is	in	the	presb.
	of	Biggar,	and	in	the	patron,	of	Renny	of	Danevale	;	it
	is	worth,	with	those	of	Glenholm	and	Kilbucho	united
	lo	it,	231.	In	the	parish	are	some	remains	of	an	old
	castle.	An	annual	fair	is	held	in	the	village	on	the	3rd
	October.
	BROUGHTON,	a	par.	in	the	Albrighton	div.	of	the
	co.	of	Salop,	7	miles	to	the	N.	of	Shrewsbury,	It	in-
	cludes	the	tn.shp.	of	Yorton.	The	Crowe	and	Shrews-
	bury	branch	of	the	London	and	North-	Western	railway
	crosses	the	parish,	with	a	station	at	Yorton.	The	living
	is	a	perpet.	cur.	in	the	dioc.	of	Lichfield,	worth	70,	in
	the	patron,	of	Sir	II.	Hill,	Bart.
	BROUGHTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Bishop's
	Castle,	hund.	of	Purslow,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	1	mile	from
	Bishop's	Castle.
	BROUGHTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Claverley,
	hund.	of	Brimstrec,	in	the	co.	of	Salop,	4	miles	to	the	E.
	of	Bridgnorth.
	BROUGHTON,	a	hmlt,	in	the	par.	of	St.	Mary	Stoke,
	hund.	of	Taunton,	in	the	co.	of	Somerset,	3	miles	to	the
	S.E.	of	Taunton.
	BROUGHTON,	a	tnshp.	and	chplry.	in	the	par.	of
	Eccleshall,	hund.	of	Pirehill,	in	the	co.	of	Stafford,	5
	miles	to	the	N.W.	of	Eccleshall.	It	lies	near	the	Lon-
	don	and	North-Western	railway,	which	has	a	station	at
	Standou,	4	miles	to	the	W.	of	the	village.	The	living
	is	a	perpet.	cur.	in	the	dioc.	of	Lichfield,	worth	129,	in
	the	gift	of	Sir	II.	D.	Broughton,	Bart.	The	church
	is	a	small	building	with	a	tower.	The	chief	seats	are
	Broughton	Hall,	an	ancient	mansion	in	the	Elizabethan
	style,	Sugnall	Hall,	Gerard's	Bromley,	and	Charnes.
	BROUGHTON,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Whitchurch,
	hund.	of	Kington,	in	the	co.	of	Warwick,	5	miles	to	the
	S.	of	Stratford-upon-Avon.	The	Stratford	branch	of	the
	West	Midland	railway	passes	near	it.
	BROUGHTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Appleton-le-
	Street,	wap.	of	Ryedale,	in	the	North	Riding	of	the	co.
	of	York,	2	miles	from	New	Malton.	It	was	the	site	of
	a	hospital	founded	by	Eustace	Fitz-John,	before	the
	middle	of	the	12th	century.	The	Wesleyans	have	a
	chapel	in	the	village.
	BROUGHTON,	a	tnshp.	in	the	par.	of	Broughton-in-
	Aredale,	wap.	of	Stainclitt',	in	the	West	Riding	of	the	co.
	of	York.
	BROUGHTON	ASTLEY,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of
	Guthlaxton,	in	the	co.	of	Leicester,	5	miles	to	the	N.	of
	Lutterworth,	its	post	town,	and	93j	miles	from	London.
	It	is	a	station	on	the	Midland	railway.	The	parish	is
	situated	on	a	small	stream,	a	branch	of	the	river	Soar,
	and	contains	the	tnshps.	of	Prime-Thorp	and	Sutton-in-
	the-Elms.	The	living	is	a	rect.*	in	the	dioc.	of	Peter-
	borough,	of	the	val.	of	674,	in	the	patron,	of	H.	Rad-
	ford,	Esq.	The	church,	dedicated	to	St.	Mary,	is	an	old
	Gothic	building,	with	a	square	tower.	The	parochial
	charities	produce	about	20	a	year.	Hosiery	is	the	chief
	manufacture.
	BROUGHTON	BRANT,	a	par.	in	the	wap.	of	Love-
	den,	parts	of	Kesteven,	in	the	co.	of	Lincoln,	7	miles	to
	the	E.	of	Newark,	its	post	town.	It	is	situated	near	the
	border	of	Nottinghamshire,	on	the	banks	of	the	river
	Brant,	a	branch	of	the	Witham.	The	living	is	a	rect.*
	in	the	dioc.	of	Lincoln,	of	the	val.	of	560,	in	the	patron,
	of	Sir	R.	Sutton,	Bart.	The	church,	which	is	dedicated
	to	St.	Helen,	is	an	ancient	edifice,	with	a	tower	and	lofty
	spire,	and	contains	an	old	monument	of	James	de	Au-
	beney.	The	Wesleyans	have	a	chapel	here,	and	there
	are	charitable	endowments	amounting	to	17	a	year.
	The	rectory	of	Broughton	was	held	by	Bishop	Warbur-
	ton,	who	wrote	here	the	"	Divine	Legation."
	BROUGHTON,	CHURCH,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	of
	Appletree,	in	the	co.	of	Derby,	10	miles	to	the	W.	of
	Derby.	It	is	situated	on	a	branch	of	the	river	Dove,
	and	contains	the	tnshp.	of	Sapperton.	The	North	Staf-
	fordshire	railway	passes	within	a	short	distance.	The
	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	Lichfield,	worth	228,	in
	the	patron,	of	J.	Broadhurst,	Esq.	The	church,	which
	contains	several	stone	stalls,	is	dedicated	to	St.	Michael.
	Here	is	an	endowed	free	school	founded	about	1745,
	which	has	an	income	of	30,	and	some	other	charities
	producing	about	20	a	year.	Broughton	is	within	the
	honour	of	Tutbury,	in	the	duchy	of	Lancaster.
	BROUGHTON,	EAST,	or	BROUGHTON	FIELD,	a
	chplry.	in	the	par.	of	Cartmel,	hund.	of	Lonsdale	North
	of	the	Sands,	in	the	co.	palatine	of	Lancaster,	2	miles	to
	the	N.	of	Cartmel.	The	Fumess	branch	of	the	Lancaster
	and	Carlisle	railway	passes	through	the	parish.	The
	living	is	a	pcrpet.	cur.	in	the	dioc.	of	Chester,	val.	67,
	in	the	gift	of	the	Earl	of	Burlington.	The	church	is
	dedicated	to	St.	Peter.	The	chief	residences	are	Brough-
	ton	Grove,	Broughton	Hall,	and	Broughton	I.odge.
	BROUGHTON	GIFFORD,	a	par.	in	the	hund.	and
	union	of	Bradford,	in	the	co.	of	Wilts,	2	miles	to	the	W.
	of	Melksham,	its	post	town	(which	is	also	a	station	on
	the	Great	Western	railway),	and	3	N.E.	of	Bradford.	It
	is	situated	on	the	W.	bank	of	the	river	Avon,	and	was	a
	fortified	station	in	the	Roman	time.	The	living	is	a	rect.	*
	in	the	dioe.	of	Salisbury,	of	the	val.	of	355,	in	the	pa-
	tron,	of	the	lord	chancellor.	The	church,	dedicated	to


CAHER.
	447
	CAHERNATINNA.
	ind	of	a	priory	of	the	Augustine	order,	founded	in	the
	.3th.	The	lordship	was	held	by	the	Butlers,	earls	of
	"ilengaU.	The	linen	manufacture	was	carried	on	here
	Tor	a	time,	and	after	its	decline	the	manufacture	of
	various	kinds	of	straw-plait	was	introduced,	and	has	been
	successfully	carried	on.	Many	persons	are	employed	in
	die	large	corn-mills	near	the	town.	Extensive	cavalry
	barracks	are	established	about	a	mile	from	Caher.
	rhere	are	a	market-house,	a	bridewell,	a	police	station,
	i	dispensary,	and	a	fever	hospital.	The	river	is	crossed
	jy	an	ancient	bridge.	The	living	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.
	jf	Lismore,	worth	398,	in	the	patron,	of	the	crown.
	Fhe	church,	rebuilt	in	1817,	from	designs	by	Nash,	is	a
	arge	and	handsome	edifice	in	the	perpendicular	style,
	irith	a	good	tower	and	spire.	There	are	also	chapels
	for	.Roman	Catholics	and	Quakers.	There	is	an	endowed
	iee	school	and	a	National	school.	Cahir	House,	formerly
	of	the	Earl	of	Gleugall,	is	now	in	the	possession
	|)f	Robert	Malcomson,	Esq.	It	stands	near	the	town	;
	aid	the	park,	a	picturesque	and	wooded	demesne,	ex-
	ends	along	the	banks	of	the	Suir	for	above	2	miles.
	Dther	scats	are	Cahir	Lodge,	the	residence	of	the
	iOountess	of	Glengall,	Cahir	Abbey,	Garnavolla,	and
	IKillemlcy.	The	interesting	remains	of	the	castle	are	on
	1	1	small	island	in	the	river.	Caher	gives	the	titles	of
	dscount	and	baron	to	the	earls	of	Glengall.	The	market,
	rtiefly	for	corn,	is	on	Friday.	Fairs	are	held	on	the
	Sth	February,	the	12th	April,	the	26th	and	27th	May,
	,1	July,	the	18th	and	19th	September,	the	20th
	VT,	and	the	7th	December.
	.	CAHER,	two	hmlts.	in	the	bar.	of	Burren,	in	the	co.
	pf	Clare,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	7	miles	to	the	S.W.
	of	Burren.	They	are	distinguished	as	Upper	and	Lower.
	CAHERAGH,	a	par.	in	the	western	div.	of	the	bar.	of
	Barbery	West,	in	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,
	Ireland,	7	miles	to	the	S.E.	of	Bantry.	It	lies	near	the
	Boast,	in	a	district	of	moorland	and	bog,	on	the	banks	of
	v	Hen,	and	was	the	site	of	a	castle,	the	seat
	pf	the	M'Carthys,	of	which	some	ruins	remain.	The
	[iving	is	a	rect.	in	the	dioc.	of	Cork,	Ross,	and	Cloyne,
	korth	564,	in	the	gift	of	the	bishop.	The	par.	extends
	brer	an	area	of	23,526	acres.
	I	CAHERAKILLEEN,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	Leitrim,	in
	rthe	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	6	miles
	rto	the	K.E.	of	Loughrca.
	|	CAHERAVALLY,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Clanwilliam,
	in	tilt	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	4	miles
	(to	the	S.	of	Limerick.	Tho	living	is	a	rect.	united	with
	that	of	St.	Patrick's,	in	the	dioc.	of	Limerick,	Ardfert,
	and	Aghadoo.	The	church	is	decayed.	The	principal
	mansion	is	Roxborough,	the	seat	of	the	Hon.	J.	P.
	Vereker.
	CAHERBANNAGH,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	Barren,	in
	!	the	co.	of	Clare,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	5	miles	to
	the	S.W.	of	Burren.
	CAHERBULLIGAN,	a	vil.	in	the	bar.	of	Dunkellin,
	li	in	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	8
	miles	to	the	E.	of	Galway.
	CAHEROONLISH,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Clanwilliam,
	in	the	co.	of	Limerick,	prov:	of	Munster,	Ireland,	8	miles
	~	to	the	S.E.	of	Limerick.	It	is	crossed	by	the	Waterford
	and	Limerick	railway.	The	district	is	fertile,	and	the
	town	was	anciently	a	place	of	importance,	being	a
	borough	and	fortified.	A	field	near	it,	called	Col-
	lege	Field,	is	said	to	have	been	the	site	of	an	ancient
	|	college.	A	police	force	is	established	here.	The	living
	is	a	vie.	united	with	those	of	Luddonbeg	and	Carrig-
	parson,	in	the	dioc.	of	Cashel,	Emly,	Waterford,	and
	Lismore,	val.	385,	in	the	patron,	of	the	bishop.	The
	church	is	in.	the	early	English	style,	with	a	tower	and
	spire.	There	is	a	handsome	parish	school-house.	The
	chief	residence	is	Caherconlish	House,	the	seat	of	the
	Wilson	family.	Traces	of	several	old	fortresses	exist	in
	the	vicinity.	Fairs	are	held	on	the	16th	May,	the	20th
	August,	the	17th	October,	and	the	5th	December.
	CAHERCQRNEY,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Small	County,
	'	in	the	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	9
	miles	to	the	S.	of	Limerick.	It	is	situated	near	the	banks
	of	the	river	Comogue,	a	branch	of	the	Maiguo,	and	on
	Lough	Gur.	Tho	living	is	a	vie.	with	that	of	Kiltellane
	united,	in	the	dioc.	of	Cashel,	Emly,	Waterford,	and
	Lismore,	val.	85,	in	the	gift	of	the	Earl	of	Kenmare.
	The	church	is	old,	and	contains	a	monument	to	the
	Crokers,	who	had	a	splendid	mansion	at	Raleighstown
	in	tin's	parish.	There	are	remains	of	a	very	ancient
	structure	of	stone,	probably	a	fort,	on	a	hill	near	Ra-
	leighstown.	The	old	seat	of	the	Crokers	is	dilapidated.
	Cahir	is	the	seat	of	the	Hon.	S.	O'Grady.
	CAHERDUGGAN,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Fermoy,	in
	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munstcr,	Ireland,	4	miles	to
	the	S.W.	of	Doneraile.	It	is	situated	in	a	fertile	country,
	on	the	S.	bank	of	the	river	Awbeg,	and	was	the	site	of	a
	castle,	the	seat	of	the	Roches.	Limestone	is	abundant
	here,	and	is	quarried	extensively.	The	living	is	a	perpet.
	cur.	united	with	that	of	Buttevant,	in	the	dioc.	of	Cork,
	Ross,	and	Cloyne.	There	are	several	seats	of	the	gentry,
	among	which	are	Clogheen,	Hazlewood,	Elmvale,	&c.
	In	the	parish	are	several	old	Danish	forts	or	raths.	A
	horse	fair	is	held	at	Cahirnioe	on	the	12th	July.
	CAHERELLY,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Clanwilliam,	in
	the	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	9	miles
	to	the	S.	of	Limerick.	It	lies	on	the	N.	side	of	the	river
	Comogue,	a	branch	of	the	Maigue,	and	is	a	place	of
	great	antiquity.	Good	limestone	is	found	here.	Tho
	laving	is	a	vie.	in	the	dioc.	of	Cashel,	Emly,	Waterford,
	and	Lismore,	val.	67,	in	the	patron,	of	the	bishop.	In
	the	parish	are	remains	of	an	abbey	and	of	two	castles.	A
	third	castle	formerly	stood	here,	but	is	demolished.	The
	chief	residences	are	Cahir	Castle	and	Cahir	Cottage.
	Fairs	are	held	on	the	14th	May,	the	26th	August,	the
	6th	November,	and	the	21st	December.
	CAHERGAL,	a	limit,	in	the	par.	and	bar.	of	Ross,	in
	the	co.	of	Galway,	prov.	of	Connaught,	Ireland,	8	miles
	to	the	N.	of	Oughterard.	It	is	near	the	shore	of	Lough
	Corrib.
	CAHERKEEN,	a	vil.	in	the	par	of	Kilcathernie,	bar.
	of	Bear,	in	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	S
	miles	to	the	N.W.	of	Castletown-Bcarhaven.	It	is	seated
	near	Coulagh	Bay.
	CAHERLAG,	a	par.	in	the	bar.	of	Barrymore,	in	the
	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	5	miles	to	the	E.
	of	Cork.	It	is	situated	in	a	fertile	district	on	the	river
	Glanmire,	a	branch	of	the	river	Lee,	and	is	crossed	by
	the	Cork	and	Youghal	railway,	on	which	Dunkettle	is
	a	station.	Tho	par.	contains	the	vil.	of	New	Glanmire,
	and	much	fine	pasture-land.	The	living	is	a	rect.	united
	with	that	of	Rathcooney,	in	the	dioc.	of	Cork,	Ross,	and
	Cloyne.	There	are	numerous	residences	of	the	gentry,
	and	some	"	Druidical"	stones.
	CAHERLANE,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Abbeyfeale,
	bar.	of	Glenquin,	in	the	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Mun-
	ster,	Ireland,	3	miles	to	the	S.	of	Abbeyfeale.	It	is
	seated	on	the	confines	of	Kerry,	on	the	banks	of	the
	river	Feale.
	CAHERLOUGHLrN,	a	hmlt.	in	the	bar.	of	Burren,
	in	the	co.	of	Clare,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	2	miles	to
	the	S.W.	of	Burren.
	CAHERMACUN,	a	hmlt.	in	the	bar.	of	Burren,	in
	the	co.	of	Clare,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	6	miles	to
	the	S.W.	of	Burren.
	CAHERMORE,	a	hmlt.	in	the	par.	of	Kilnamanagh,
	bar.	of	Bear,	in	the	co.	of	Cork,	prov.	of	Munster,
	Ireland,	5	miles	to	the	S.W.	of	Castletown-Bcarhaven.
	It	is	on	the	coast	of	Bantry	Bay.
	CAHERNARRY,	a	par.	partly	in	the	co.	of	the	city
	of	Limerick,	and	partly	in	the	bar.	of	Clanwilliam,	in
	the	co.	of	Limerick,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	5	miles
	to	the	S.E.	of	Limerick.	It	lies	in	a	fertile	country,
	near	the	Waterford	and	Limerick	railway,	and	contains
	the	vil.	of	Ballynoety.	Limestone	of	excellent	quality-
	is	quarried	in	the	parish.	The	living	is	a	perpet.	cur.
	in	the	dioc.	of	Limerick,	Ardfert,	and	Aghadoe,	val.
	91,	in	the	gift	of	the	Dean	of	Limerick.	The	chief
	residences	are	Cahernarry,	Ballyneguard,	and	Bally-
	neety	House.
	CAHERNATINNA,	a	hmlt.	in	the	bar.	of	Burren,
	in	the	co.	of	Clare,	prov.	of	Munster,	Ireland,	8	miles
	to	the	N.E.	of	Kilfenora.