Comparing Inverted Files and Signature Files for Searching a Large Lexicon

Ben Carterette
Department of Computer Science
University of Massachusetts
Amherst MA 01002
  Fazli Can
Computer Science and
Systems Analysis Department
Miami University
Oxford OH 45056

Abstract
Signature files and inverted files are well-known index structures. In this paper we undertake a direct comparison of the two for searching for partially-specified queries in a large lexicon stored in main memory. Using n-grams to index lexicon terms, a bit-sliced signature file can be compressed to a smaller size than an inverted file if each n-gram sets only one bit in the term signature. With a signature width less than half the number of unique n-grams in the lexicon, the signature file method is about as fast as the inverted file method, and significantly smaller. Greater flexibility in memory usage and faster index generation time make signature files appropriate for searching large lexicons or other collections in an environment where memory is at a premium.

Keywords: compression, dictionaries, indexing methods, internal memory applications, performance evaluation, searching.