{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#0", "question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "rewrite": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sergey Lapin (police officer)  Sergei (Sergey) Lapin, also known by his radio communications call sign Kadet (\"Cadet\"), is a former Russian police officer who had served in Grozny, Chechnya as a Lieutenant in the OMON (special police detachment) from the Khanty\u2013Mansi Autonomous Okrug. He has been convicted for the torture and \"disappearance\" of a Chechen student. In September 2001, journalist Anna Politkovskaya published an article in \"Novaya Gazeta\" newspaper called \"The Disappearing People\", in which she wrote about the allegations connecting Sergei Lapin and his OMON colleagues to the torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov. Following the publication of this article, Politkovskaya received two letters containing threats to her life, apparently written by Lapin. The Office of the Procurator of the city of Nizhnevartovsk in Khanty-Mansyski region opened a criminal investigation in October 2001 into Lapin\u2019s involvement in threatening the safety of Politkovskaya and the investigation had been reportedly closed and renewed at least nine times. On October 7, 2006 Anna Politkovskaya was shot dead in Moscow, bringing suspicions upon Lapin and his colleagues. In January 2002, Sergei Lapin was arrested and charged in connection with the allegations of torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov in detention. Lapin was released pending trial in May 2003 because he was found not to be threatening to the public safety. His trial began in Grozny at the end of 2003, and at first he reportedly has not attended any of the hearings because he claimed he suffered a mental illness. However, according to reports, he was first dismissed from OMON, but later reinstated as a police officer in the city of Nizhnevartovsk.", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "International reaction to the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya The assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist, writer, and recipient of numerous international awards, took place on Saturday, 7 October 2006. She was found shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. Her murder, viewed as a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Vitaly Yaroshevsky, deputy editor of \"Novaya Gazeta\" where she worked, said: \"The first thing that comes to mind is that Anna was killed for her professional activities. We don't see any other motive for this terrible crime.\" He said Politkovskaya gave an interview to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty last week in which she said she was a witness in a criminal case against Ramzan Kadyrov in connection with abductions in Chechnya - a case based on her reporting. In that same interview, she called Kadyrov the \"Stalin of our days\". Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet President who promoted transparency and democracy and is concerned about the increasing lack of pluralism in the country, became a minority shareholder to support the newspaper Novaya Gazeta this summer. Gorbachev told the Russian news agency Interfax about this assassination: \"It is a savage crime against a professional and serious journalist and a courageous woman\", \"It is a blow to the entire democratic, independent press. It is a grave crime against the country, against all of us.\" He also said the killing might have been intended to cast a pall over Putin's Kremlin. On October 10, 2006, Russian president Vladimir Putin spoke out on the murder of Politkovskaya:"], "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#1", "question": "How did they target her email?", "rewrite": "How did FSB target the murdered journalist Anna Politkovskaya's email?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Kryshtanovskaya said that FSB members and other \"siloviks\" took key positions in the Russian government, Parliament and business. These members share their military background and nationalistic views. She noted that most FSB members remain in the \"acting reserve\" even when they formally leave the organization. All \"acting reserve\" members receive an FSB salary, follow FSB instructions, and remain above the law because their organization protects them, according to Kryshtanovskaya. In 2006, Albats criticized Anna Arutunyan who had written an article in the \"Moscow News\" about the murdered journalist Anna Politkovskaya. Arutunyan wrote that Politkovskaya became an activist and that her articles contained \"inaccuracies\". Albats was married to journalist, writer and science popularizer Yaroslav Golovanov and had a daughter, Olga (b. 1988).", "An independent investigation of the event was undertaken by Russian politicians Sergei Yushenkov, Sergei Kovalev, journalist Anna Politkovskaya, Hoover Institute scholar John B. Dunlop, and former FSB officers Aleksander Litvinenko and Mikhail Trepashkin. According to their version, FSB knew about the terrorist group's arrival in Moscow and directed them to the theater through their agent provocateur Khanpasha Terkibayev (\"Abu Bakar\"), whose name was in the list of hostage takers and who left the theater alive. In April 2003 Litvinenko gave information about Terkibayev (\"the Terkibayev file\") to Sergei Yushenkov when he visited London. Yushenkov passed this file to Politkovskaya and she was able to interview Terkibayev in person. A few days later, Yushenkov was assassinated by gunfire in Moscow. Terkibayev was later killed in an apparent car crash in Chechnya. In June 2003, Litvinenko stated in an interview with the Australian television programme \"Dateline\", that two of the Chechen militants involved in the siege\u2014whom he named \"Abdul the Bloody\" and \"Abu Bakar\"\u2014were working for the FSB, and that the agency manipulated the terrorists into staging the attack. Litvinenko said: \"[w]hen they tried to find [Abdul the Bloody and Abu Bakar] among the rotting corpses of dead terrorists, they weren't there. The FSB got its agents out. So the FSB agents among Chechens organized the whole thing on FSB orders, and those agents were released\".", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities."], "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#2", "question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "rewrite": "Did FSB get into trouble for attacking the email account of Anna Politkovskaya's?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "The deputy Editor-in-chief editor of Novaya Gazeta Sergei Sokolov publicly asserted in court that the suspected hitman Rustam Makhmudov had been wanted for other crimes by the police since 1998, but had been protected by the Russian domestic secret service (FSB) and, personally, by FSB Colonel Pavel Ryaguzov who provided him with a forged passport. Ryaguzov was another suspect in the case. An attorney for Ryaguzov objected to this disclosure on the grounds that the alleged connections of Makmudov with the FSB represent a \"state secret\". On 19 February 2009 the trial ended with the unanimous jury acquittal of Dzhabrail Makhmudov, Ibragim Makhmudov, and Sergei Khadzhikurbanov. The prosecutor Vera Pashkovskaya stated that the verdict would be appealed. Commenting on the end of the trial against a few suspects in Moscow yesterday, Andrew McIntosh, Chairman of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly's Sub-Committee on the Media and Rapporteur on media freedom, expressed his deep frustration at the lack of progress in investigating the murder of Anna Politkovskaya on 7 October 2006 and the inability of the Russian authorities to find her killers: \"Two years ago, in its Resolution 1535 (2007), the Assembly called on the Russian Parliament to closely monitor the progress in the criminal investigations regarding the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and hold the authorities accountable for any failures to investigate or prosecute. The closure of the trial yesterday can only be regarded as a blatant failure. I call on the Russian authorities and Parliament to relaunch a proper investigation and shed light on this murder, which undermines not only freedom of expression in Russia, but also its democratic foundation based on the rule of law.", "An independent investigation of the event was undertaken by Russian politicians Sergei Yushenkov, Sergei Kovalev, journalist Anna Politkovskaya, Hoover Institute scholar John B. Dunlop, and former FSB officers Aleksander Litvinenko and Mikhail Trepashkin. According to their version, FSB knew about the terrorist group's arrival in Moscow and directed them to the theater through their agent provocateur Khanpasha Terkibayev (\"Abu Bakar\"), whose name was in the list of hostage takers and who left the theater alive. In April 2003 Litvinenko gave information about Terkibayev (\"the Terkibayev file\") to Sergei Yushenkov when he visited London. Yushenkov passed this file to Politkovskaya and she was able to interview Terkibayev in person. A few days later, Yushenkov was assassinated by gunfire in Moscow. Terkibayev was later killed in an apparent car crash in Chechnya. In June 2003, Litvinenko stated in an interview with the Australian television programme \"Dateline\", that two of the Chechen militants involved in the siege\u2014whom he named \"Abdul the Bloody\" and \"Abu Bakar\"\u2014were working for the FSB, and that the agency manipulated the terrorists into staging the attack. Litvinenko said: \"[w]hen they tried to find [Abdul the Bloody and Abu Bakar] among the rotting corpses of dead terrorists, they weren't there. The FSB got its agents out. So the FSB agents among Chechens organized the whole thing on FSB orders, and those agents were released\".", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#3", "question": "Did they have any murder suspects?", "rewrite": "Did FSB have any Anna Politkovskaya's murder suspects?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya On 7 October 2006, Russian journalist, writer and human rights activist Anna Politkovskaya (born 1958) was shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. She was known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and for criticism of Vladimir Putin. She had authored several books about the Chechen wars, as well as \"Putin's Russia\", and received numerous international awards for her work. Her murder, believed to be a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Three Chechens were arrested for the murder, but were acquitted. The verdict was overturned by the Supreme Court of Russia and new trials were held. In total, six people were convicted of charges related to her death. Politkovskaya's book, \"Putin's Russia: Life in a Failing Democracy\", criticized Putin's federal presidency, including his pursuit of the Second Chechen War. She accused Putin and the Russian secret service FSB of stifling civil liberties in order to establish a Soviet-style dictatorship, while admitting that \"it is we who are responsible for Putin's policies\": She also wrote:  \"People often tell me that I am a pessimist, that I don't believe in the strength of the Russian people, that I am obsessive in my opposition to Putin and see nothing beyond that,\" she opens an essay titled \"Am I Afraid?\", finishing it\u2014and the book\u2014with the words: \"If anybody thinks they can take comfort from the 'optimistic' forecast, let them do so. It is certainly the easier way, but it is the death sentence for our grandchildren.\"", "In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "The deputy Editor-in-chief editor of Novaya Gazeta Sergei Sokolov publicly asserted in court that the suspected hitman Rustam Makhmudov had been wanted for other crimes by the police since 1998, but had been protected by the Russian domestic secret service (FSB) and, personally, by FSB Colonel Pavel Ryaguzov who provided him with a forged passport. Ryaguzov was another suspect in the case. An attorney for Ryaguzov objected to this disclosure on the grounds that the alleged connections of Makmudov with the FSB represent a \"state secret\". On 19 February 2009 the trial ended with the unanimous jury acquittal of Dzhabrail Makhmudov, Ibragim Makhmudov, and Sergei Khadzhikurbanov. The prosecutor Vera Pashkovskaya stated that the verdict would be appealed. Commenting on the end of the trial against a few suspects in Moscow yesterday, Andrew McIntosh, Chairman of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly's Sub-Committee on the Media and Rapporteur on media freedom, expressed his deep frustration at the lack of progress in investigating the murder of Anna Politkovskaya on 7 October 2006 and the inability of the Russian authorities to find her killers: \"Two years ago, in its Resolution 1535 (2007), the Assembly called on the Russian Parliament to closely monitor the progress in the criminal investigations regarding the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and hold the authorities accountable for any failures to investigate or prosecute. The closure of the trial yesterday can only be regarded as a blatant failure. I call on the Russian authorities and Parliament to relaunch a proper investigation and shed light on this murder, which undermines not only freedom of expression in Russia, but also its democratic foundation based on the rule of law."], "answer": {"text": "After the three Makhmudov brothers, Khadjikurbanov and Lom-Ali Gaitukayev were convicted in 2014,", "answer_start": 853}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#4", "question": "Did they go to jail?", "rewrite": "Did any of Anna Politkovskaya's murder suspects go to jail?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "International reaction to the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya The assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist, writer, and recipient of numerous international awards, took place on Saturday, 7 October 2006. She was found shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. Her murder, viewed as a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Vitaly Yaroshevsky, deputy editor of \"Novaya Gazeta\" where she worked, said: \"The first thing that comes to mind is that Anna was killed for her professional activities. We don't see any other motive for this terrible crime.\" He said Politkovskaya gave an interview to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty last week in which she said she was a witness in a criminal case against Ramzan Kadyrov in connection with abductions in Chechnya - a case based on her reporting. In that same interview, she called Kadyrov the \"Stalin of our days\". Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet President who promoted transparency and democracy and is concerned about the increasing lack of pluralism in the country, became a minority shareholder to support the newspaper Novaya Gazeta this summer. Gorbachev told the Russian news agency Interfax about this assassination: \"It is a savage crime against a professional and serious journalist and a courageous woman\", \"It is a blow to the entire democratic, independent press. It is a grave crime against the country, against all of us.\" He also said the killing might have been intended to cast a pall over Putin's Kremlin. On October 10, 2006, Russian president Vladimir Putin spoke out on the murder of Politkovskaya:", "In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Sergey Lapin (police officer)  Sergei (Sergey) Lapin, also known by his radio communications call sign Kadet (\"Cadet\"), is a former Russian police officer who had served in Grozny, Chechnya as a Lieutenant in the OMON (special police detachment) from the Khanty\u2013Mansi Autonomous Okrug. He has been convicted for the torture and \"disappearance\" of a Chechen student. In September 2001, journalist Anna Politkovskaya published an article in \"Novaya Gazeta\" newspaper called \"The Disappearing People\", in which she wrote about the allegations connecting Sergei Lapin and his OMON colleagues to the torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov. Following the publication of this article, Politkovskaya received two letters containing threats to her life, apparently written by Lapin. The Office of the Procurator of the city of Nizhnevartovsk in Khanty-Mansyski region opened a criminal investigation in October 2001 into Lapin\u2019s involvement in threatening the safety of Politkovskaya and the investigation had been reportedly closed and renewed at least nine times. On October 7, 2006 Anna Politkovskaya was shot dead in Moscow, bringing suspicions upon Lapin and his colleagues. In January 2002, Sergei Lapin was arrested and charged in connection with the allegations of torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov in detention. Lapin was released pending trial in May 2003 because he was found not to be threatening to the public safety. His trial began in Grozny at the end of 2003, and at first he reportedly has not attended any of the hearings because he claimed he suffered a mental illness. However, according to reports, he was first dismissed from OMON, but later reinstated as a police officer in the city of Nizhnevartovsk."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any murder suspects?", "answer": {"text": "After the three Makhmudov brothers, Khadjikurbanov and Lom-Ali Gaitukayev were convicted in 2014,", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#5", "question": "Is there anything else interesting in the article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the case of Anna Politkovskaya's murder, is there anything else interesting in the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sergey Lapin (police officer)  Sergei (Sergey) Lapin, also known by his radio communications call sign Kadet (\"Cadet\"), is a former Russian police officer who had served in Grozny, Chechnya as a Lieutenant in the OMON (special police detachment) from the Khanty\u2013Mansi Autonomous Okrug. He has been convicted for the torture and \"disappearance\" of a Chechen student. In September 2001, journalist Anna Politkovskaya published an article in \"Novaya Gazeta\" newspaper called \"The Disappearing People\", in which she wrote about the allegations connecting Sergei Lapin and his OMON colleagues to the torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov. Following the publication of this article, Politkovskaya received two letters containing threats to her life, apparently written by Lapin. The Office of the Procurator of the city of Nizhnevartovsk in Khanty-Mansyski region opened a criminal investigation in October 2001 into Lapin\u2019s involvement in threatening the safety of Politkovskaya and the investigation had been reportedly closed and renewed at least nine times. On October 7, 2006 Anna Politkovskaya was shot dead in Moscow, bringing suspicions upon Lapin and his colleagues. In January 2002, Sergei Lapin was arrested and charged in connection with the allegations of torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov in detention. Lapin was released pending trial in May 2003 because he was found not to be threatening to the public safety. His trial began in Grozny at the end of 2003, and at first he reportedly has not attended any of the hearings because he claimed he suffered a mental illness. However, according to reports, he was first dismissed from OMON, but later reinstated as a police officer in the city of Nizhnevartovsk.", "On 8 October 2006, hundreds rallied in downtown Moscow to protest the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and the recent crackdown on ethnic Georgians. The demonstration was described by the Moscow-based liberal Echo of Moscow radio station as \"the largest protest rally of the opposition recently held in Russia.\" During the day following information about Politkovskaya's death, there was a demonstration and memorial consisting of 500 people in Moscow, and 300 people gathering in St. Petersburg. Further rallies and vigils took place in other Russian cities, including St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Saratov and Krasnoyarsk, as well as London, Paris, New York, and Washington. A day after the murder more than one thousand people (later estimation: over 3000) gathered at the Russian embassy in Helsinki, Finland to pay their respects to Politkovskaya (according to \"Helsingin Sanomat\" article published on October 22, there were about 3000 people). The demonstration was silent, with people holding candles. Two of Politkovskaya's books have been published in Finland as translated editions. On 10 October, 2,000 demonstrators called Putin a \"murderer\" during his visit to Dresden, Germany. About 400 demonstrators gathered in central Moscow\u2019s Pushkin Square on 7 April 2007, exactly six months after the journalist\u2019s murder , Echo of Moscow radio reported the same day. Yabloko party leader Grigory Yavlinsky told the gathering that the killings of Politkovskaya, journalist Dmitry Kholodov (in 1994), Russian Public TV head Vladislav Listyev (in 1995) and newspaper editor Larisa Yudina, who headed his party\u2019s Kalmykia branch (in 1998), like \"many other well-known and obscure political murders,\" were \"never investigated\", newsru.com reported.", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "International reaction to the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya The assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist, writer, and recipient of numerous international awards, took place on Saturday, 7 October 2006. She was found shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. Her murder, viewed as a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Vitaly Yaroshevsky, deputy editor of \"Novaya Gazeta\" where she worked, said: \"The first thing that comes to mind is that Anna was killed for her professional activities. We don't see any other motive for this terrible crime.\" He said Politkovskaya gave an interview to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty last week in which she said she was a witness in a criminal case against Ramzan Kadyrov in connection with abductions in Chechnya - a case based on her reporting. In that same interview, she called Kadyrov the \"Stalin of our days\". Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet President who promoted transparency and democracy and is concerned about the increasing lack of pluralism in the country, became a minority shareholder to support the newspaper Novaya Gazeta this summer. Gorbachev told the Russian news agency Interfax about this assassination: \"It is a savage crime against a professional and serious journalist and a courageous woman\", \"It is a blow to the entire democratic, independent press. It is a grave crime against the country, against all of us.\" He also said the killing might have been intended to cast a pall over Putin's Kremlin. On October 10, 2006, Russian president Vladimir Putin spoke out on the murder of Politkovskaya:"], "answer": {"text": "In accordance with Russian law there is a 15-year statute of limitation for the \"particularly grave\" crime of first degree murder.", "answer_start": 1107}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any murder suspects?", "answer": {"text": "After the three Makhmudov brothers, Khadjikurbanov and Lom-Ali Gaitukayev were convicted in 2014,", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go to jail?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#6", "question": "Are they close to solving it?", "rewrite": "Is FSB close to solving the murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya On 7 October 2006, Russian journalist, writer and human rights activist Anna Politkovskaya (born 1958) was shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. She was known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and for criticism of Vladimir Putin. She had authored several books about the Chechen wars, as well as \"Putin's Russia\", and received numerous international awards for her work. Her murder, believed to be a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Three Chechens were arrested for the murder, but were acquitted. The verdict was overturned by the Supreme Court of Russia and new trials were held. In total, six people were convicted of charges related to her death. Politkovskaya's book, \"Putin's Russia: Life in a Failing Democracy\", criticized Putin's federal presidency, including his pursuit of the Second Chechen War. She accused Putin and the Russian secret service FSB of stifling civil liberties in order to establish a Soviet-style dictatorship, while admitting that \"it is we who are responsible for Putin's policies\": She also wrote:  \"People often tell me that I am a pessimist, that I don't believe in the strength of the Russian people, that I am obsessive in my opposition to Putin and see nothing beyond that,\" she opens an essay titled \"Am I Afraid?\", finishing it\u2014and the book\u2014with the words: \"If anybody thinks they can take comfort from the 'optimistic' forecast, let them do so. It is certainly the easier way, but it is the death sentence for our grandchildren.\"", "Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "The deputy Editor-in-chief editor of Novaya Gazeta Sergei Sokolov publicly asserted in court that the suspected hitman Rustam Makhmudov had been wanted for other crimes by the police since 1998, but had been protected by the Russian domestic secret service (FSB) and, personally, by FSB Colonel Pavel Ryaguzov who provided him with a forged passport. Ryaguzov was another suspect in the case. An attorney for Ryaguzov objected to this disclosure on the grounds that the alleged connections of Makmudov with the FSB represent a \"state secret\". On 19 February 2009 the trial ended with the unanimous jury acquittal of Dzhabrail Makhmudov, Ibragim Makhmudov, and Sergei Khadzhikurbanov. The prosecutor Vera Pashkovskaya stated that the verdict would be appealed. Commenting on the end of the trial against a few suspects in Moscow yesterday, Andrew McIntosh, Chairman of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly's Sub-Committee on the Media and Rapporteur on media freedom, expressed his deep frustration at the lack of progress in investigating the murder of Anna Politkovskaya on 7 October 2006 and the inability of the Russian authorities to find her killers: \"Two years ago, in its Resolution 1535 (2007), the Assembly called on the Russian Parliament to closely monitor the progress in the criminal investigations regarding the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and hold the authorities accountable for any failures to investigate or prosecute. The closure of the trial yesterday can only be regarded as a blatant failure. I call on the Russian authorities and Parliament to relaunch a proper investigation and shed light on this murder, which undermines not only freedom of expression in Russia, but also its democratic foundation based on the rule of law."], "answer": {"text": "In May that year the case against him was discontinued because the statute of limitations had expired.", "answer_start": 1600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any murder suspects?", "answer": {"text": "After the three Makhmudov brothers, Khadjikurbanov and Lom-Ali Gaitukayev were convicted in 2014,", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go to jail?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "In accordance with Russian law there is a 15-year statute of limitation for the \"particularly grave\" crime of first degree murder.", "answer_start": 1107, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0aaa843df0bd467b96e5a496fc0b033d_1_q#7", "question": "Is it similar to any other cases?", "rewrite": "Aside from the discontinued case against a convicted killer, how is the murder of Anna Politkovskaya similar to any other cases?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anna Politkovskaya Award The Anna Politkovskaya Award was established in 2006 to remember and honor the Russian campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya (1958\u20132006), murdered in Moscow on 7 October 2006 in order to silence her reporting about the war in Chechnya. The award is presented annually by the international human rights organisation, RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in War) and honours women human rights defenders from around the world, who work in war and conflict zones, often at great personal risk. Mariana Katzarova, a friend and a human rights colleague of Politkovskaya, founded RAW in WAR (Reach All Women in WAR) and the Anna Politkovskaya Award in 2006 in London, after being a journalist and human rights advocate in the war zones of Kosovo, Bosnia and Chechnya. In 2016, to mark the tenth anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, an additional special award was presented to a woman human rights defender from Russia who, like Anna Politkovskaya and the first winner of the award, Natalia Estemirova, who was murdered in Chechnya in 2009, has worked to build peace in conflict zones and help civilians trapped between opposing armed forces. The special award was presented to Valentina Cherevatenko who, since 1990, has intervened in a succession of conflicts in the former Soviet Union, working through her organisation, the Women of the Don NGO. In October 2018, ahead of the 12th anniversary of the murder of Anna Politkovskaya, RAW in WAR presented the 2018 Anna Politkovskaya Award to Binalakshmi Nepram, a courageous indigenous human rights defender and author from the state of Manipur, on the Indo-Myanmar border area, and Svetlana Alexievich, a brave writer and investigative journalist from Belarus and the 2015 Nobel Prize laureate in literature.", "In late August 2007, police arrested ten suspects believed to have been involved in Politkovskaya's murder. Russia's Prosecutor-General Yuri Chaika stated that the plotters' aim was to start a crisis to destabilise Russia. The suspects included members of a Chechen organized crime group, as well as a number of former FSB agents. On 28 August 2007, Chaika met Putin and FSB director Nikolai Patrushev, during which he made an official announcement: Chaika also said that Politkovskaya's killers were probably connected with the murders of Central Bank deputy chairman Andrei Kozlov and American journalist Paul Khlebnikov. The person noted by Chaika as organizer of the murder was identified in the media as Boris Berezovsky. Chaika's statement was supported by Andrei Lugovoi, who had been indicted by a British court with regard to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. Lugovoi said Berezovsky had organized the murders of Politkovskaya and Litvinenko, and the attempted murder of Yelena Tregubova. On 28 March 2008, it was reported that the suspected killer of journalist Anna Politkovskaya had been identified as 30-year-old Chechen Rustam Makhmudov, a brother of Ibragim and Dzhabrail Makhmudovs, who have been suspected of complicity to the murder. On 3 April 2008, Investigating Committee of the Persecution Office of Russia Dmitry Dovgy told the press that he is convinced that \"Politkovskaya's murder was masterminded by Boris Berezovsky and carried out by Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev\". Dovgy said that the murder was aimed at undermining confidence in law and order in Russia.", "Estemirova was a frequent contributor to the independent Moscow newspaper \"Novaya Gazeta\" and the Caucasus news website Kavkazsky Uzel. Estemirova received the Right Livelihood Award as a representative of \"Memorial\" at a ceremony in the Swedish parliament building in 2004. Along with Sergey Kovalyov, chairman of Memorial, she was awarded the Robert Schuman Medal by the Group of the European People's Party in 2005. In October 2007, she was awarded the first Anna Politkovskaya Award, honouring brave women human rights defenders from war and conflict, who speak up for the victims, often at great personal risk. The Anna Politkovskaya Award is presented annually to honour the memory of Russian investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya on the anniversary of her murder on 7 October 2006, by Reach All Women in War (RAW), an international human rights organization supporting women human rights defenders in war and conflict zones. Estemirova worked together with investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, both of whom were also murdered, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Estemirova was abducted on 15 July 2009 from her home in Grozny, Chechnya. According to Tanya Lokshina of the Moscow bureau of Human Rights Watch, unknown individuals abducted Estemirova near her house in Grozny at around 8:30 a.m. Her colleagues raised an alert when she did not come to a planned meeting and went to her home, found witnesses and questioned them. Two witnesses reportedly saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Lokshina said Estemirova was abducted as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Lokshina said that she had been targeted for her professional activities.", "International reaction to the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya The assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist, writer, and recipient of numerous international awards, took place on Saturday, 7 October 2006. She was found shot dead in the elevator of her apartment block in central Moscow. Her murder, viewed as a contract killing, sparked a strong international reaction. Vitaly Yaroshevsky, deputy editor of \"Novaya Gazeta\" where she worked, said: \"The first thing that comes to mind is that Anna was killed for her professional activities. We don't see any other motive for this terrible crime.\" He said Politkovskaya gave an interview to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty last week in which she said she was a witness in a criminal case against Ramzan Kadyrov in connection with abductions in Chechnya - a case based on her reporting. In that same interview, she called Kadyrov the \"Stalin of our days\". Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet President who promoted transparency and democracy and is concerned about the increasing lack of pluralism in the country, became a minority shareholder to support the newspaper Novaya Gazeta this summer. Gorbachev told the Russian news agency Interfax about this assassination: \"It is a savage crime against a professional and serious journalist and a courageous woman\", \"It is a blow to the entire democratic, independent press. It is a grave crime against the country, against all of us.\" He also said the killing might have been intended to cast a pall over Putin's Kremlin. On October 10, 2006, Russian president Vladimir Putin spoke out on the murder of Politkovskaya:", "Sergey Lapin (police officer)  Sergei (Sergey) Lapin, also known by his radio communications call sign Kadet (\"Cadet\"), is a former Russian police officer who had served in Grozny, Chechnya as a Lieutenant in the OMON (special police detachment) from the Khanty\u2013Mansi Autonomous Okrug. He has been convicted for the torture and \"disappearance\" of a Chechen student. In September 2001, journalist Anna Politkovskaya published an article in \"Novaya Gazeta\" newspaper called \"The Disappearing People\", in which she wrote about the allegations connecting Sergei Lapin and his OMON colleagues to the torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov. Following the publication of this article, Politkovskaya received two letters containing threats to her life, apparently written by Lapin. The Office of the Procurator of the city of Nizhnevartovsk in Khanty-Mansyski region opened a criminal investigation in October 2001 into Lapin\u2019s involvement in threatening the safety of Politkovskaya and the investigation had been reportedly closed and renewed at least nine times. On October 7, 2006 Anna Politkovskaya was shot dead in Moscow, bringing suspicions upon Lapin and his colleagues. In January 2002, Sergei Lapin was arrested and charged in connection with the allegations of torture of Zelimkhan Murdalov in detention. Lapin was released pending trial in May 2003 because he was found not to be threatening to the public safety. His trial began in Grozny at the end of 2003, and at first he reportedly has not attended any of the hearings because he claimed he suffered a mental illness. However, according to reports, he was first dismissed from OMON, but later reinstated as a police officer in the city of Nizhnevartovsk."], "answer": {"text": "The Intercept published a top-secret document released by Edward Snowden with a screenshot of Intellipedia according to which", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did investigators have any clues in the unresolved murder of Anna Politkovskaya?", "answer": {"text": "probably FSB) are known to have targeted the webmail account of the murdered Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did they target her email?", "answer": {"text": "On 5 December 2005, RFIS initiated an attack against the account annapolitovskaya@US Provider1, by deploying malicious software", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they get into trouble for that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any murder suspects?", "answer": {"text": "After the three Makhmudov brothers, Khadjikurbanov and Lom-Ali Gaitukayev were convicted in 2014,", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go to jail?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "In accordance with Russian law there is a 15-year statute of limitation for the \"particularly grave\" crime of first degree murder.", "answer_start": 1107, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are they close to solving it?", "answer": {"text": "In May that year the case against him was discontinued because the statute of limitations had expired.", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#0", "question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "rewrite": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham.", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "On January 18, 1971, Koloff defeated Sammartino in Madison Square Garden for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship by pinfall after a knee drop from the top rope, ending Sammartino's seven and two-third years reign. Koloff lost the championship 21 days later to Pedro Morales, essentially being used as a \"transitional champion\" (as he was used to move the title from Sammartino to Morales without having the two fan favorites work against each other), much like Stan Stasiak and The Iron Sheik would be in later years. After the loss, Koloff remained a contender for the title but never reclaimed it, leaving the WWWF in 1971. During his time in the WWWF, Koloff weighing in at wrestled WWWF World Heavyweight Championship title matches against Sammartino, Morales, Superstar Billy Graham and Bob Backlund, holding the distinction, with fellow villain Stan Stasiak, as one of only two men to challenge all four of these fan favorite champions. Koloff would also be the first opponent to ever challenge for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in a steel cage match in a rematch loss against Sammartino. He fought in the WWWF from 1975\u20131976, 1978\u20131979 and 1983. During the 1970s and 1980s, Koloff found success in the National Wrestling Alliance, winning many regional tag team and singles titles in the Georgia, Florida, and Mid-Atlantic territories. In February 1981, he teamed with Ray Stevens to defeat Paul Jones and Masked Superstar to capture the NWA World Tag Team Championship. This would be the first of his four reigns as NWA World Tag Team Champion, later winning the belts with Don Kernodle and twice with his \"nephew\" (kayfabe), Nikita Koloff as \"The Russians\".", "Making another attempt to capture the WWWF World Tag Team Championship with Jerry Blackwell, the two lost to Tony Parisi and Louis Cerdan in Landover, Maryland on March 22. Fighting to a time-limit draw against Pat Barrett on March 26, he lost to Bobo Brazil several days later at Madison Square Garden. Continuing to feud with Dominic DeNucci, he also faced Louis Cerdan, Ivan Putski and Bobo Brazil during the next several weeks. He would also take on the WWWF World Tag Team Champions Tony Parisi & Louis Cerdan with Baron Mikel Scicluna, although he and Scicluna lost to them in Florence, New Jersey on May 5. He would also participate in a 20-man battle royal at the Boston Garden on May 8. Eliminated by Bobo Brazil, the battle royal also included Stan Hansen, Jose Gonzalez, Haystacks Calhoun, Ernie Ladd, Superstar Billy Graham, Gorilla Monsoon, Skandor Akbar, Man Mountain Mike, Bobo Brazil, Ivan Putski, Kevin Sullivan, Jerry Blackwell, Baron Mikel Scicluna, The Executioners and WWWF Tag Team Champions Louis Cerdan & Tony Parisi. Berger would eventually be eliminated by Bobo Brazil. Before leaving the promotion at the end of the month, he would substitute for Louis Cerdan in one of his last appearances aiding his longtime rival Tony Parisi in defending the WWWF World Tag Team titles against The Executioners in Landover, Maryland on May 24. Several months later, Poisson jumped to the American Wrestling Association defeating Buck \"Rock n' Roll\" Zumhofe in Davenport, Iowa on September 6. Disqualified during a match against Billy Francis in Green Bay, Wisconsin on September 26, he regularly appeared at the Winnipeg Arena defeating Billy Red Cloud and The Iron Sheik before losing to Jim Brunzell on November 18.", "Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike."], "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#1", "question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "rewrite": "What was Superstar Billy Graham's agreement with McMahon?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham.", "\" McMahon made more donations over the course of the next several years, including one check she wrote when Rahm Emanuel came to WWE headquarters to meet her. McMahon's spokesperson clarified that McMahon didn't know who Rahm Emanuel was in '02, but was aware of his partisan status in '06. In November 2009, former wrestler Superstar Billy Graham became an outspoken critic of McMahon's campaign. He said the McMahons were hypocrites for \"toning down\" the violence and sexuality in pro wrestling after many years of showing adult themes. He launched Internet videos on WrestleView saying the WWE's switch to PG was politically motivated: \"... they (Linda and Vince) are doing it strictly to get Linda McMahon elected to Senator of Connecticut\", he stated in one video. Billy Graham contracted Hepatitis C from another wrestler's blood during his time in WWE and required a life-saving liver transplant as a result. When speaking about Linda, he said, \"She may look like a Sunday school teacher. Linda McMahon's hands are as bloody as her husband's because she is aware of every move in the ring. She has had no problem with grown men\u2014myself included\u2014cutting their head with a razor blade. All of a sudden, why aren't these guys bleeding anymore? Because Linda is running for the Senate. \" Graham told reporters that he was furious about having no pension and no health care after his wrestling career with WWE. McMahon's campaign responded directly to Graham's accusations, saying he was a \"self-confessed liar\". On November 12, The campaign sent a letter directly to WrestleView, where Billy Graham had posted videos, attacking his credibility. The campaign circulated an apology letter Graham had written to the company in 1996, saying \"he has a habit of making false statements when he's not on WWE's payroll\".", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike.", "A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him. The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the Wizard included \"Beautiful\" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, \" Big Cat\" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton. Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated \"Big Time Wrestling\" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton. Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum ( Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern. On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sgt. Slaughter."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#2", "question": "How did people respond to his return?", "rewrite": "How did people respond to Superstar Billy Graham's return?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Following his WWE Hall of Fame induction, Superstar Billy Graham requested his name be removed from the Hall, saying: \"It is a shameless organization to induct a bloodthirsty animal such as Abdullah the Butcher into their worthless and embarrassing Hall of Fame and I want the name of Superstar Billy Graham to be no part of it.\" Graham noted that Shreve had never wrestled a match with WWE. In February 2015, Shreve announced on his Facebook page that he would be selling his WWE Hall of Fame ring. Shreve has been accused of infecting other wrestlers with hepatitis C through sharing a blade and/or cutting wrestlers without their knowledge. Canadian wrestler Devon Nicholson, who said he contracted hepatitis C when Shreve bladed him without consent, pursued legal action. On June 3, 2014, an Ontario court ruled in favor of Nicholson and ordered Shreve to pay $2.3 million in damages. The Fulton County Court of Georgia ruled that the Canadian Judgement would be upheld in the state of Georgia where Shreve resides. Shreve was the trainer of Japanese wrestler Abdullah Kobayashi, whose style of wrestling and ring name were both directly inspired by Shreve's. Shreve has appeared in Japanese TV commercials for Suntory, Daikin Industries, Denon, and Sapporo Ichiban. He also had a role in the martial arts action film \" Roaring Fire\". Shreve previously owned two restaurants (one in Atlanta, Georgia and one in Japan) called Abdullah the Butcher's House of Ribs and Chinese Food. Shreve was often on hand to meet fans and sign autographs. The restaurant and Shreve appear in the music video for the 2003 song \"Damn!\" by Atlanta hip hop group YoungBloodZ. It was referenced in the 2006 film \"ATL\" during a scene where three characters argue over a local barbecue.", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike.", "A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him. The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the Wizard included \"Beautiful\" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, \" Big Cat\" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton. Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated \"Big Time Wrestling\" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton. Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum ( Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern. On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sgt. Slaughter.", "With The Assassin and Charlie Brown, he would defeat Superstar Billy Graham, J.J. Dillon and Paul Jones in a 6-man tag team match on January 6 and later faced Graham in both tag team and 6-man tag team matches later that month. Defeating Ron Bass for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship on March 16, he was scheduled to defend his title on Jim Crockett's \"Championship Wrestling from Georgia\" in its first episode since Black Saturday, however, the main event was canceled after an accident caused the middle ring rope to snap during a match between Black Bart and Ron Rossi on April 6, 1985. Months later, he would team with \"Ragin' Bull\" Manny Fernandez and Sam Houston to defeat Abdullah the Butcher, The Barbarian and Superstar Billy Graham at The Great American Bash '85 on July 6 and later teamed with Fernandez and Houston to defeat Ivan Koloff's The Russian Team for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Six-Man Tag Team Championship in July 1985 and successfully defended the titles against before losing the titles back to Russian Team later that year. He would later forfeit the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship after leaving the promotion in July 1985, however he refused to return the title claiming then booker Dusty Rhodes withheld money owed to him, and a third version of the belt was eventually used."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#3", "question": "What else happened during 1977-1981?", "rewrite": "What else happened during 1977-1981 other than Superstar Billy Graham's return?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike.", "With The Assassin and Charlie Brown, he would defeat Superstar Billy Graham, J.J. Dillon and Paul Jones in a 6-man tag team match on January 6 and later faced Graham in both tag team and 6-man tag team matches later that month. Defeating Ron Bass for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship on March 16, he was scheduled to defend his title on Jim Crockett's \"Championship Wrestling from Georgia\" in its first episode since Black Saturday, however, the main event was canceled after an accident caused the middle ring rope to snap during a match between Black Bart and Ron Rossi on April 6, 1985. Months later, he would team with \"Ragin' Bull\" Manny Fernandez and Sam Houston to defeat Abdullah the Butcher, The Barbarian and Superstar Billy Graham at The Great American Bash '85 on July 6 and later teamed with Fernandez and Houston to defeat Ivan Koloff's The Russian Team for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Six-Man Tag Team Championship in July 1985 and successfully defended the titles against before losing the titles back to Russian Team later that year. He would later forfeit the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship after leaving the promotion in July 1985, however he refused to return the title claiming then booker Dusty Rhodes withheld money owed to him, and a third version of the belt was eventually used.", "Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham.", "A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him. The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the Wizard included \"Beautiful\" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, \" Big Cat\" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton. Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated \"Big Time Wrestling\" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton. Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum ( Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern. On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sgt. Slaughter.", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship."], "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship on April 30, 1977,", "answer_start": 104}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people respond to his return?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#4", "question": "Did he defeat anyone else?", "rewrite": "Did Superstar Billy Graham defeat anyone else other than Bruno Sammartino?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["According to friend and fellow wrestler Frank Dusek, the company wanted to make Bruno Sammartino its champion again, but did not want Sammartino to defeat then champion Morales in the process, so they needed a heel wrestler to win it. Stasiak was used as a transitional champion, defeating Morales for the championship belt and holding it for just nine days before dropping it to Sammartino on December 10, 1973. Stasiak also had a WWWF Heavyweight Championship title shot against Superstar Billy Graham in 1977. In 1974 to 1975, Stasiak fought Johnny Valentine in NWA Mid Atlantic and Toronto. He received an AWA World Heavyweight Championship title shot against Nick Bockwinkel in 1978 in Toronto. From there he went to Pacific Northwest where he teamed with Roddy Piper. In the early 1980s, he did commentary there and also worked as a photographer. For several years he was the tag team partner of The Gladiator and wrestled primarily out of the Cow Palace in the San Francisco area. Stasiak and The Gladiator maintained a fairly long term rivalry with the team of Ray Stevens and Peter Maivia. Stasiak left the WWWF in 1979. Stipich died of heart failure in 1997. Stipich had two children: a daughter, Brittany, and a son, Shawn, who also wrestled professionally as Shawn Stasiak.", "Mondt and McMahon wanted Rogers to keep the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, but Rogers was unwilling to sacrifice his $25,000 deposit on the championship belt (championship holders at the time had to pay a deposit to insure they honored their commitments as champion). Rogers lost the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to Lou Thesz in a one-fall match in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on January 24, 1963, which led to Mondt, McMahon, and the CWC leaving the NWA in protest, creating the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) in the process. The World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) was formed on January 24, 1963. On April 25, 1963, Buddy Rogers was awarded the new WWWF World Heavyweight Championship, supposedly winning an apocryphal tournament in Rio de Janeiro. He lost the championship to Bruno Sammartino a month later on May 17, 1963, after suffering a heart attack shortly before the match. To accommodate Rogers' condition, the match was booked to last under a minute. Sammartino would retain the title for seven years, eight months and one day (2,803 days), making his the longest continuous world championship reign in men's wrestling history. Although Sammartino was the face of the WWWF, wrestlers such as Superstar Billy Graham and Bob Backlund were also hugely popular. The WWWF gained notoriety in the 1970s by holding their biggest shows at Shea Stadium or Madison Square Garden and doing strong business across the entire Northeast megalopolis. They leveraged former, but still popular, wrestlers such as Captain Lou Albano, \"Grand Wizard of Wrestling\" Ernie Roth and \"Classy\" Freddie Blassie to act as managers for Sammartino's heel (villainous) opponents. At this time, only babyface (fan favorite)", "Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham.", "Defeating Lennie Solomon and George Cannon later that month, he once again faced Bruno Sammartino losing to him in Baltimore on June 26. Teaming with Bull Ramos, he also lost to Victor Rivera & Earl Maynard in Hershey, Pennsylvania on June 28 as well a 6-man tag team match with Gorilla Monsoon and Prof. Toru Tanaka against Eduard Carpentier, Victor Rivera and Bruno Sammartino in a 3-of-5 falls match at the Boston Garden on July 6. Defeating Johnny Rodz on July 11, he also faced Eduard Carpentier, Victor Rivera, Bull Ramos, Hans Mortier later that month. On August 15, with Bull Ramos and George \" the Animal\" Steele, he lost to Earl Maynard, Victor Rivera and Bruno Sammartino at the National Arena. During the next two days, he lost back to back matches against Sammartino in Asbury Park, New Jersey and Bobo Brazil at Madison Square Garden on August 17. He and Gorilla Monsoon also lost to Bruno Sammartino and Victor Rivera on August 27. While in Pittsburgh on September 13, Quinn defeated The Battman when the match was stopped by referee's decision due to injury. Following this, Quinn's feud with Bruno Sammartino was resumed as he and Bull Ramos faced the Battman and Bruno Sammartino in several tag team matches throughout September. Later that month, in a 6-man tag team match with Baron Mikel Scicluna and Joe Thomas , Quinn lost to Sammartino, Victor Rivera and Art Thomas on September 28. After yet another failed attempt to defeat Sammartino on October 3, he and Bull Ramos fought Bruno Sammartino and Batman to a time limit draw the following night in Wheeling, West Virginia.", "Larry Zbyszko Lawrence Whistler (born December 5, 1951), better known by the ring name Larry Zbyszko, is an American retired professional wrestler and author perhaps best known for his feud with his mentor, Bruno Sammartino, during the early 1980s. Among other accolades, he is a two-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion, and the final titleholder. Zbyszko was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on March 28, 2015. Whistler trained under Bruno Sammartino after cutting his collegiate wrestling career at Penn State University short. He debuted in 1973 as the babyface \"Larry Zbyszko\", with his name a tribute to 1920s Polish American wrestler Stanislaus Zbyszko. He initially wrestled in the Pittsburgh area, appearing on the local wrestling program Studio Wrestling, before receiving bookings in Vancouver. He spent three years in the World Wide Wrestling Federation before traveling to California in 1975. Zbyszko was one of the attractions in the 1976 Latin America Wrestling Alliance World Heavyweight championship, held in Guatemala City, under Jose Azzari promotions. Three days after the end of the tournament (Mil M\u00e1scaras won the title, defeating Jose Azzari in the final), an earthquake destroyed much of that Central American nation. Zbyszko returned to the WWWF in 1976 and formed a tag team with Tony Garea, with whom he won the WWWF World Tag Team Championships on November 21, 1978 in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Their reign lasted until March 6, 1979, when they were defeated by the Valiant brothers in Allentown. Zbyszko feuded with Bugsy McGraw, Abdullah the Butcher and Superstar Billy Graham in addition to wrestling Killer Kowalski and Baron Mikel Scicluna. In 1978 he summarized his mat-based ringwork with the statement, \"I just believe in science over brawn\"."], "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno", "answer_start": 104}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people respond to his return?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during 1977-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship on April 30, 1977,", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#5", "question": "What happened after he defeated Bruno?", "rewrite": "What happened after Superstar Billy Graham defeated Bruno?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him. The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the Wizard included \"Beautiful\" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, \" Big Cat\" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton. Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated \"Big Time Wrestling\" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton. Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum ( Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern. On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sgt. Slaughter.", "Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike.", "Troubled financially from the start, the Claws folded after three road exhibition games. On April 30th 1977 Superstar Billy Graham defeated Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF heavyweight wrestling title. The Arena was the home of the Major Indoor Soccer League's Baltimore Blast since their arrival in the 1980\u20131981 season until the league folded in 1992. The Blast won their only championship in the 1983-84 season which was attended by upwards of 11,200 fans. The Blast, regardless of incarnation, were the longest-serving tenant in the Arena's history. In 1986, the Arena was host to popular Italian opera singer Luciano Pavarotti. Van Halen performed at the Arena on July 22, 1980 as part of their Van Halen World Invasion Tour. Bon Jovi performed to a sold-out Arena crowd during their Slippery When Wet Tour on December 29, 1986. Def Leppard performed at the Arena on October 9, 1987 during their Hysteria World Tour. The Arena was the home of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL) and later the National Lacrosse League (NLL) Baltimore Thunder from 1987 through 1999. The Thunder won the inaugural MILL championship. Notable players include Gary Gait, Tom Gravante (head Men's Lacrosse coach at Mount St. Mary's University) and Hugh Donovan. The Arena was a frequent venue for Jim Crockett Promotions (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Starting in 1988, The Great American Bash pay-per-view was held at the Arena eight times. It also hosted SuperBrawl V in 1995. Sting defeated Ric Flair to win his first NWA World Championship at 1990's Great American Bash, and Ron Simmons upset Vader in 1992 for the WCW title, becoming the first African-American to hold a major world title.", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham."], "answer": {"text": "Graham held the title for nine and a half months.", "answer_start": 218}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people respond to his return?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during 1977-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship on April 30, 1977,", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he defeat anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_1_q#6", "question": "Who took the title after?", "rewrite": "Who took the title after Superstar Billy Graham?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With The Assassin and Charlie Brown, he would defeat Superstar Billy Graham, J.J. Dillon and Paul Jones in a 6-man tag team match on January 6 and later faced Graham in both tag team and 6-man tag team matches later that month. Defeating Ron Bass for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship on March 16, he was scheduled to defend his title on Jim Crockett's \"Championship Wrestling from Georgia\" in its first episode since Black Saturday, however, the main event was canceled after an accident caused the middle ring rope to snap during a match between Black Bart and Ron Rossi on April 6, 1985. Months later, he would team with \"Ragin' Bull\" Manny Fernandez and Sam Houston to defeat Abdullah the Butcher, The Barbarian and Superstar Billy Graham at The Great American Bash '85 on July 6 and later teamed with Fernandez and Houston to defeat Ivan Koloff's The Russian Team for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Six-Man Tag Team Championship in July 1985 and successfully defended the titles against before losing the titles back to Russian Team later that year. He would later forfeit the NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship after leaving the promotion in July 1985, however he refused to return the title claiming then booker Dusty Rhodes withheld money owed to him, and a third version of the belt was eventually used.", "In 1974, Rhodes's character became a hero after tag team partner Pak Song and manager Gary Hart turned on him during a match in Florida against Eddie and Mike Graham. This led him to break out as a solo wrestler, primarily in Florida, referring to himself as the \"American Dream\", a working class hero, and aligning himself with Eddie Graham. In 1977, Rhodes wrestled for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) on and off for lengthy periods of time until 1983. During that time, Rhodes main-evented twice in Madison Square Garden, both times challenging for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against reigning champion Superstar Billy Graham. Rhodes won the first match on September 26 via countout, and lost the second, a Texas Death match, on October 24. Graham won after a mid-ring collision, falling on Rhodes for the three count. He eventually began working as a booker and wrestler with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) in the Mid-Atlantic, which eventually purchased World Championship Wrestling (WCW), formerly Georgia Championship Wrestling. Rhodes also teamed with Magnum T.A. as \"America's Team\", who opposed the Four Horsemen and The Russian Team in 1985. They were one of the more dominant tag teams in the promotion until 1986, when Magnum's career was ended in a car accident. Subsequently, he teamed with Nikita Koloff as The Super Powers. Rhodes was also a two time World Six-Man Tag Team Champion with The Road Warriors. Rhodes had feuds with Abdullah the Butcher, Pak Song, Terry Funk, Kevin Sullivan, Blackjack Mulligan, Nikita Koloff, Harley Race, Superstar Billy Graham, \"Crippler\" Ray Stevens and, most notably, The Four Horsemen (especially Ric Flair and Tully Blanchard). Rhodes, Flair and Race fought each other many times over the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "Once champions, the team held the belts for six months while feuding with Chief Jay Strongbow, Gorilla Monsoon, and Pedro Morales. Luke again left WWWF in 1972. He fought in Florida as El Lobo in 1970. In 1974, he was the United States Champion in the Pacific Northeast and that same year he won the NWA Georgia State Wrestling Title in a tournament on April 20. In 1978, Graham return to the WWWF this time being managed by The Grand Wizard. He had epic feuds with Andre the Giant, Dino Bravo, Haystacks Calhoun, Ivan Putski and WWWF champion Bob Backlund. He even teamed with his \"brother\" Superstar Billy Graham. He retired in the late 1980s. He teamed with his son, Luke, Jr., however, in 2001 and started Galaxy Championship Wrestling, Inc.  Luke Graham's Sr. storyline brothers are \"Doctor\" Jerry Graham (Jerramiah Martin Mathews), Superstar Billy Graham (Wayne Coleman), former wrestler/promoter Eddie Graham (Eddie Gosset). Other Family members include: Tommy \"T.G.\" Graham (William Pawlak), Troy \"The Dream Machine/Warrior\" Graham (Troy R. Tompson), Eddie Graham's son Mike Graham (Mike Gosset), and Luke Graham's son, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham (Donald J. Jolly), Jr. and Nephew, Gerry \"Chubby\" Graham (M. Gerald Sadler). Grady Johnson's Luke Graham persona was known for his \"craziness\". Whenever someone referred to Johnson as \"Crazy Luke Graham\", as part of his gimmick, he would claim to be sane and cover his ears. He had bleached hair and goatee. One of his signature moves was to stab people with his taped thumb, called The Golden Spike.", "A year later, the Wizard led Stan Stasiak to victory over Pedro Morales for the WWF Championship in Philadelphia on December 1, 1973. The Wizard guided a second prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Superstar Billy Graham, to the very same championship on April 30, 1977, when Graham overcame Sammartino in Baltimore. On February 20, 1978, Bob Backlund took on Superstar Billy Graham for the WWF Championship at Madison Square Garden and dethroned the champion. The Wizard made it his duty to gain revenge on Backlund, sending charges such as Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Greg Valentine after him. The Wizard managed the first Intercontinental Champion Pat Patterson, and later Patera (who defeated Patterson for the title in April 1980 after the Wizard and Patterson parted ways) and Muraco to the same championship. Other prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the Wizard included \"Beautiful\" Bobby Harmon, Killer Kowalski, \"Crazy\" Luke Graham, Sgt. Slaughter, \" Big Cat\" Ernie Ladd, Ox Baker, and Cowboy Bob Orton. Roth on many occasions (when out of character and greasepaint mustache) co-hosted the syndicated \"Big Time Wrestling\" show with fellow announcer Bob Finnegan until 1969 when the hosting duties went to Lord Athol Layton. Roth was revealed to be homosexual after his death, although some claim they were aware of his sexual orientation during his lifetime. He was the godfather of prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Don Muraco's daughter. His parents were Evrum ( Edward) Roth and Rizel (Rose) Stern. On October 12, 1983, Roth died of a heart attack. In 1995, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 1995 by his friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sgt. Slaughter.", "Eventually, on December 10, 1973, Sammartino regained the WWWF Heavyweight Championship by defeating Stan Stasiak, who had won the title from Pedro Morales nine days earlier in Philadelphia. In his second reign, Bruno defeated contenders such as John Tolos, Bruiser Brody, Spiros Arion, Ken Patera, Bugsy McGraw, Freddie Blassie, Baron von Raschke, Waldo Von Erich, Ivan Koloff, Superstar Billy Graham, Don Leo Jonathan, Angelo Mosca, Ernie \"The Cat\" Ladd, George Steele. Big Bob Duncum, and Nikolai Volkoff. He also encountered old foes Killer Kowalski and George \"The Animal\" Steele. His second title run lasted three years, four months, and twenty days. On November 5, 1975, Sammartino was also a guest on Tomorrow with Tom Snyder. During this time, on April 26, 1976, Sammartino suffered a legitimate neck fracture in a match against Stan Hansen at Madison Square Garden, when Hansen improperly executed a body slam and dropped Sammartino on his head. He managed to wrestle for an additional 15 minutes and did the planned finish of a stoppage due to blood. After two months, Sammartino returned and faced Hansen in a rematch on June 25, 1976 at Shea Stadium, which was on the closed circuit TV undercard of the Ali vs. Antonio Inoki match for WWWF cities. The match was rated 1976 \"Match of the Year\" by a number of wrestling magazines. Subsequently, after a chance to recover and train, Sammartino scored decisive steel cage match wins over Hansen around the WWWF circuit. In early 1977, after suffering the broken neck and many other ailments, Sammartino informed McMahon Sr. that he was done with his second title reign, which ended in Baltimore on April 30, 1977, when he was defeated by Superstar Billy Graham."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Superstar Billy Graham return to the WWWF?", "answer": {"text": "an agreement with promoter Vincent J. McMahon (Senior", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his agreement with McMahon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people respond to his return?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during 1977-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship on April 30, 1977,", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he defeat anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Graham defeated Bruno", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after he defeated Bruno?", "answer": {"text": "Graham held the title for nine and a half months.", "answer_start": 218, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#0", "question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "rewrite": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Library The Billy Graham Library is a public museum and library documenting the life and ministry of Christian evangelist Billy Graham. The complex opened to the public on June 5, 2007. The library is located on the grounds of the international headquarters of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association in Charlotte, North Carolina, a few miles from where Graham was reared. The library is styled after a dairy barn, with a mechanical \"talking\" cow, to reflect Graham's farm-based childhood. The main galleries within the library showcase numerous presentations, pictures, music, artifacts, and voices from throughout Graham's ministry. One gallery is entirely devoted to Ruth Bell Graham, the wife of the evangelist. There is a dairy bar caf\u00e9 and bookstore called \"Ruth's Attic. \" All visitors enter the Library through doors at the base of a glass cross. Also located on the Library grounds is the Prayer Garden, where Ruth Graham was buried on June 17, 2007. Ruth Graham initially opposed to being buried at the library, and instead preferred her home at the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove near Asheville, North Carolina to be her final resting place until just before she died. In March 2009 Wilma \"Billie\" Barrows, the wife of Billy Graham's longtime Music Director Cliff Barrows, was interred on the Library grounds. In April 2013, Gospel singer and Graham's regular featured soloist George Beverly Shea was interred there as well. Barrows was buried next to his wife on the grounds after his death in November 2016. Graham's funeral following his February 21, 2018 death was conducted on March 2, 2018 in a tent, similar to the tents where he held his first crusades, on the grounds of the Library.", "Will Graham (evangelist)  William Franklin Graham IV (born January 30, 1975) is an American Christian evangelist. He is the executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove and associate evangelist of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Graham is the third generation of Grahams to preach under the banner of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA). He is the grandson of Billy Graham and the oldest son of Franklin Graham. The oldest of the four children of evangelist Franklin Graham and wife Jane Graham, Will Graham grew up in a farm house in the mountains of Boone, North Carolina, along with his two brothers and one sister. He made his commitment to Christ as a young boy one Sunday after a church service. He graduated from Liberty University in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion and in 2001 graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary with a Master of Divinity degree. Since beginning his evangelistic ministry with youth-oriented, one-day events in Canada, Graham has spoken to audiences across North America, South America, Australia, India, and other parts of Asia. Graham's first crusade-style event took place in 2006 in Leduc, Alberta. His first Celebration on U.S. soil came later that year in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since then, he has held evangelistic outreaches in Australia, Canada, England, Tanzania, India, Romania, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Scotland, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Mexico and many American states. Graham also serves BGEA as executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove in Asheville, North Carolina. The Cove offers multi-day seminars and one-day events on a variety of Christian subjects and features nationally-recognized speakers. In 2018 Will Graham played the role of his grandfather Billy Graham in the motion picture \"\".", "Soon after, a nationwide broadcasting contract was signed and work began on the radio ministry. This was also the start of what became known as the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, the umbrella organization under which all of Billy Graham's work was to be done. The first \"Hour of Decision\" broadcast, titled \"Revival\", was broadcast live for 30 minutes on 150 stations across the United States of America from a Crusade in Atlanta, Georgia by the American Broadcasting Company. As of 2010, the \"Hour of Decision\" programme was syndicated across 581 radio stations in the United States, as well as over 400 radio stations across the world. The programme was aired in five different languages (English, Mandarin, Spanish, French and Persian) across 55 countries in all six continents worldwide. From 1950 until 2014, Billy Graham's Crusade musical director and MC Cliff Barrows hosted the radio program before transitioning to become the host of the new online-only program \"Hour of Decision Online\" (alongside Bob Souer) on May 4, 2014. The existing radio program \"Hour of Decision\" was re-branded to become \"Peace With God\", with Bill Maier taking over as host. It was a 26-minute program featuring sermons from Billy Graham, Franklin Graham or Will Graham. However, that program ended shortly after, with the final broadcast, \"Time To Come Home\" (featuring Billy Graham's message from a 1992 Crusade in Portland, Oregon) airing on February 22, 2015. The current \"Hour of Decision Online\" program is between 30\u201345 minutes long, with each focusing on a particular Crusade. New episodes are released every Sunday on the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's website, at hourofdecisiononline.org. It can also be accessed via the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's official app, available on the App Store or Google Play.", "Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship."], "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#1", "question": "why?", "rewrite": "why did Billy Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "In the early 1990s US federal agents were investigating Dr. George Zahorian, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania physician who had been dispensing anabolic steroids and other drugs to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) wrestlers at WWF events. In 1991 Dr. Zahorian was convicted under the US federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the prescription of steroids for non-therapeutic purposes. This led to WWF owner Vince McMahon Jr., who admitted to being a steroid user himself, being put on trial on charges of steroid distribution in 1994. The trial concluded with McMahon's acquittal. During this time Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF, claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company. His lawsuit was unsuccessful, partly because he had been using steroids for a decade preceding his WWF debut. Recalling the lawsuit on a 2003 episode of WWE Confidential, he attributed the litigation to his bitterness and claimed that he was an innovator of steroid use in the organization. Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids during this time, including an appearance with McMahon on The Phil Donahue Show in 1992. During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children. McMahon claimed the abuse had never taken place, and Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF. In his autobiography, Graham describes making the allegations as being \"my most shameful moment, not only in the wrestling profession, but in my life\". Graham wrote an apology to McMahon but received no response until his 2002 liver transplant. Five years after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame, Graham was released from his consultancy position in World Wrestling Entertainment.", "Will Graham (evangelist)  William Franklin Graham IV (born January 30, 1975) is an American Christian evangelist. He is the executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove and associate evangelist of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Graham is the third generation of Grahams to preach under the banner of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA). He is the grandson of Billy Graham and the oldest son of Franklin Graham. The oldest of the four children of evangelist Franklin Graham and wife Jane Graham, Will Graham grew up in a farm house in the mountains of Boone, North Carolina, along with his two brothers and one sister. He made his commitment to Christ as a young boy one Sunday after a church service. He graduated from Liberty University in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion and in 2001 graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary with a Master of Divinity degree. Since beginning his evangelistic ministry with youth-oriented, one-day events in Canada, Graham has spoken to audiences across North America, South America, Australia, India, and other parts of Asia. Graham's first crusade-style event took place in 2006 in Leduc, Alberta. His first Celebration on U.S. soil came later that year in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since then, he has held evangelistic outreaches in Australia, Canada, England, Tanzania, India, Romania, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Scotland, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Mexico and many American states. Graham also serves BGEA as executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove in Asheville, North Carolina. The Cove offers multi-day seminars and one-day events on a variety of Christian subjects and features nationally-recognized speakers. In 2018 Will Graham played the role of his grandfather Billy Graham in the motion picture \"\".", "Soon after, a nationwide broadcasting contract was signed and work began on the radio ministry. This was also the start of what became known as the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, the umbrella organization under which all of Billy Graham's work was to be done. The first \"Hour of Decision\" broadcast, titled \"Revival\", was broadcast live for 30 minutes on 150 stations across the United States of America from a Crusade in Atlanta, Georgia by the American Broadcasting Company. As of 2010, the \"Hour of Decision\" programme was syndicated across 581 radio stations in the United States, as well as over 400 radio stations across the world. The programme was aired in five different languages (English, Mandarin, Spanish, French and Persian) across 55 countries in all six continents worldwide. From 1950 until 2014, Billy Graham's Crusade musical director and MC Cliff Barrows hosted the radio program before transitioning to become the host of the new online-only program \"Hour of Decision Online\" (alongside Bob Souer) on May 4, 2014. The existing radio program \"Hour of Decision\" was re-branded to become \"Peace With God\", with Bill Maier taking over as host. It was a 26-minute program featuring sermons from Billy Graham, Franklin Graham or Will Graham. However, that program ended shortly after, with the final broadcast, \"Time To Come Home\" (featuring Billy Graham's message from a 1992 Crusade in Portland, Oregon) airing on February 22, 2015. The current \"Hour of Decision Online\" program is between 30\u201345 minutes long, with each focusing on a particular Crusade. New episodes are released every Sunday on the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's website, at hourofdecisiononline.org. It can also be accessed via the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's official app, available on the App Store or Google Play.", "Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship."], "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#2", "question": "did he win the lawsuit?", "rewrite": "did Billy Graham win the lawsuit against Zahorian and the WWF?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship.", "Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "During the 1980s, Hulk Hogan would crossover into mainstream prominence presented as an all-American hero. Hogan's time as the face of the WWF would last until he departed from the company in the summer of 1993. Other stars such as \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage, \"Rowdy\" Roddy Piper, The Ultimate Warrior, The Honky Tonk Man, \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase, and others also helped make WWF a financial success in this time period. Jim Duggan won the first ever Royal Rumble match in 1988. While these talents were recognizable as individuals, some talent became better known for their teamwork as part of tag teams. Stables or groups such as Demolition, Strike Force, The Hart Foundation, The British Bulldogs, The Rockers and The Fabulous Rougeaus helped create a strong tag team division for WWF. Towards the end of the \"Golden Age\", Bret Hart of the Hart Foundation began to break out on his own as a singles competitor, with his most memorable match early on taking place at SummerSlam in 1992 against \"The British Bulldog\" Davey Boy Smith. Hart would eventually capture the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Ric Flair later that year and would win the King of the Ring tournament the following year. In January 1993, WWF created their prime time cable TV program \"Monday Night Raw\", which aired on the USA Network. In 1991, it was reported that Hulk Hogan, Roddy Piper, Rick Martel, Brian Blair, and Dan Spivey were to testify that they had purchased steroids from WWF physician Dr. George T. Zahorian, who was being charged with the illegal distribution of the drug. Two years later, Vince McMahon was indicted due to his connection to Zahorian, and faced a possible eight-year prison term and a $500,000 fine if convicted.", "In the early 1990s US federal agents were investigating Dr. George Zahorian, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania physician who had been dispensing anabolic steroids and other drugs to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) wrestlers at WWF events. In 1991 Dr. Zahorian was convicted under the US federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the prescription of steroids for non-therapeutic purposes. This led to WWF owner Vince McMahon Jr., who admitted to being a steroid user himself, being put on trial on charges of steroid distribution in 1994. The trial concluded with McMahon's acquittal. During this time Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF, claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company. His lawsuit was unsuccessful, partly because he had been using steroids for a decade preceding his WWF debut. Recalling the lawsuit on a 2003 episode of WWE Confidential, he attributed the litigation to his bitterness and claimed that he was an innovator of steroid use in the organization. Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids during this time, including an appearance with McMahon on The Phil Donahue Show in 1992. During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children. McMahon claimed the abuse had never taken place, and Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF. In his autobiography, Graham describes making the allegations as being \"my most shameful moment, not only in the wrestling profession, but in my life\". Graham wrote an apology to McMahon but received no response until his 2002 liver transplant. Five years after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame, Graham was released from his consultancy position in World Wrestling Entertainment.", "Will Graham (evangelist)  William Franklin Graham IV (born January 30, 1975) is an American Christian evangelist. He is the executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove and associate evangelist of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Graham is the third generation of Grahams to preach under the banner of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA). He is the grandson of Billy Graham and the oldest son of Franklin Graham. The oldest of the four children of evangelist Franklin Graham and wife Jane Graham, Will Graham grew up in a farm house in the mountains of Boone, North Carolina, along with his two brothers and one sister. He made his commitment to Christ as a young boy one Sunday after a church service. He graduated from Liberty University in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion and in 2001 graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary with a Master of Divinity degree. Since beginning his evangelistic ministry with youth-oriented, one-day events in Canada, Graham has spoken to audiences across North America, South America, Australia, India, and other parts of Asia. Graham's first crusade-style event took place in 2006 in Leduc, Alberta. His first Celebration on U.S. soil came later that year in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since then, he has held evangelistic outreaches in Australia, Canada, England, Tanzania, India, Romania, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Scotland, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Mexico and many American states. Graham also serves BGEA as executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove in Asheville, North Carolina. The Cove offers multi-day seminars and one-day events on a variety of Christian subjects and features nationally-recognized speakers. In 2018 Will Graham played the role of his grandfather Billy Graham in the motion picture \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "His lawsuit was unsuccessful,", "answer_start": 743}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why?", "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#3", "question": "what happened after the suit failed?", "rewrite": "what happened after Billy Graham's  lawsuit against Zahorian failed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship.", "Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "Soon after, a nationwide broadcasting contract was signed and work began on the radio ministry. This was also the start of what became known as the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, the umbrella organization under which all of Billy Graham's work was to be done. The first \"Hour of Decision\" broadcast, titled \"Revival\", was broadcast live for 30 minutes on 150 stations across the United States of America from a Crusade in Atlanta, Georgia by the American Broadcasting Company. As of 2010, the \"Hour of Decision\" programme was syndicated across 581 radio stations in the United States, as well as over 400 radio stations across the world. The programme was aired in five different languages (English, Mandarin, Spanish, French and Persian) across 55 countries in all six continents worldwide. From 1950 until 2014, Billy Graham's Crusade musical director and MC Cliff Barrows hosted the radio program before transitioning to become the host of the new online-only program \"Hour of Decision Online\" (alongside Bob Souer) on May 4, 2014. The existing radio program \"Hour of Decision\" was re-branded to become \"Peace With God\", with Bill Maier taking over as host. It was a 26-minute program featuring sermons from Billy Graham, Franklin Graham or Will Graham. However, that program ended shortly after, with the final broadcast, \"Time To Come Home\" (featuring Billy Graham's message from a 1992 Crusade in Portland, Oregon) airing on February 22, 2015. The current \"Hour of Decision Online\" program is between 30\u201345 minutes long, with each focusing on a particular Crusade. New episodes are released every Sunday on the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's website, at hourofdecisiononline.org. It can also be accessed via the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's official app, available on the App Store or Google Play.", "In the early 1990s US federal agents were investigating Dr. George Zahorian, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania physician who had been dispensing anabolic steroids and other drugs to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) wrestlers at WWF events. In 1991 Dr. Zahorian was convicted under the US federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the prescription of steroids for non-therapeutic purposes. This led to WWF owner Vince McMahon Jr., who admitted to being a steroid user himself, being put on trial on charges of steroid distribution in 1994. The trial concluded with McMahon's acquittal. During this time Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF, claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company. His lawsuit was unsuccessful, partly because he had been using steroids for a decade preceding his WWF debut. Recalling the lawsuit on a 2003 episode of WWE Confidential, he attributed the litigation to his bitterness and claimed that he was an innovator of steroid use in the organization. Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids during this time, including an appearance with McMahon on The Phil Donahue Show in 1992. During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children. McMahon claimed the abuse had never taken place, and Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF. In his autobiography, Graham describes making the allegations as being \"my most shameful moment, not only in the wrestling profession, but in my life\". Graham wrote an apology to McMahon but received no response until his 2002 liver transplant. Five years after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame, Graham was released from his consultancy position in World Wrestling Entertainment.", "Will Graham (evangelist)  William Franklin Graham IV (born January 30, 1975) is an American Christian evangelist. He is the executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove and associate evangelist of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Graham is the third generation of Grahams to preach under the banner of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA). He is the grandson of Billy Graham and the oldest son of Franklin Graham. The oldest of the four children of evangelist Franklin Graham and wife Jane Graham, Will Graham grew up in a farm house in the mountains of Boone, North Carolina, along with his two brothers and one sister. He made his commitment to Christ as a young boy one Sunday after a church service. He graduated from Liberty University in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion and in 2001 graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary with a Master of Divinity degree. Since beginning his evangelistic ministry with youth-oriented, one-day events in Canada, Graham has spoken to audiences across North America, South America, Australia, India, and other parts of Asia. Graham's first crusade-style event took place in 2006 in Leduc, Alberta. His first Celebration on U.S. soil came later that year in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since then, he has held evangelistic outreaches in Australia, Canada, England, Tanzania, India, Romania, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Scotland, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Mexico and many American states. Graham also serves BGEA as executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove in Asheville, North Carolina. The Cove offers multi-day seminars and one-day events on a variety of Christian subjects and features nationally-recognized speakers. In 2018 Will Graham played the role of his grandfather Billy Graham in the motion picture \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids", "answer_start": 1034}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why?", "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "His lawsuit was unsuccessful,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#4", "question": "how did the campaign do?", "rewrite": "how did Billy Graham's public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "Autism Awareness Campaign UK The Autism Awareness Campaign \u2013 United Kingdom was launched in 2000 by British parents and carers Ivan Corea and his wife Charika Corea in response to the autism diagnosis of their son, Charin. According to their website, Autism Awareness Campaign \u2013 United Kingdom was started in 2000 \"to campaign on behalf of parents, carers, children and adults with autism and Asperger's syndrome, for better public services in health, education, specialist speech therapy and respite care; for independent research into the causes of autism; for greater public awareness on Autism and Asperger's Syndrome\", as well as other areas where they believe there is a shortfall in public-service provision. They have lobbied for greater \"awareness\" of the condition and for independent research on the causes of autism. The Autism Awareness Campaign of 2002 initiated debates in the Parliament of the UK and the Scottish Parliament for Autism Awareness Year, supported by 800 UK organisations including the British Institute of Brain Injured Children, The Disabilities Trust, Autism London and the National Autistic Society. A major conference on autism was held at the King's Fund in London and the first ever service for autism was launched in 2002 by the couple who initiated Autism Sunday - it was held at St Paul's Cathedral. Autism Sunday is now a massive worldwide event, celebrated in many countries. The Autism Awareness Campaign helped raise \"awareness\" about the condition in 2007 in the British House of Commons when Lee Scott, MP for Ilford North, brought a debate on autistic children. Ivan Corea met with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair and Lee Scott MP in April 2007. He presented the Prime Minister with a report calling for a national strategy on autism and a 10-year plan of action in the UK.", "Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship.", "Billy Graham Library The Billy Graham Library is a public museum and library documenting the life and ministry of Christian evangelist Billy Graham. The complex opened to the public on June 5, 2007. The library is located on the grounds of the international headquarters of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association in Charlotte, North Carolina, a few miles from where Graham was reared. The library is styled after a dairy barn, with a mechanical \"talking\" cow, to reflect Graham's farm-based childhood. The main galleries within the library showcase numerous presentations, pictures, music, artifacts, and voices from throughout Graham's ministry. One gallery is entirely devoted to Ruth Bell Graham, the wife of the evangelist. There is a dairy bar caf\u00e9 and bookstore called \"Ruth's Attic. \" All visitors enter the Library through doors at the base of a glass cross. Also located on the Library grounds is the Prayer Garden, where Ruth Graham was buried on June 17, 2007. Ruth Graham initially opposed to being buried at the library, and instead preferred her home at the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove near Asheville, North Carolina to be her final resting place until just before she died. In March 2009 Wilma \"Billie\" Barrows, the wife of Billy Graham's longtime Music Director Cliff Barrows, was interred on the Library grounds. In April 2013, Gospel singer and Graham's regular featured soloist George Beverly Shea was interred there as well. Barrows was buried next to his wife on the grounds after his death in November 2016. Graham's funeral following his February 21, 2018 death was conducted on March 2, 2018 in a tent, similar to the tents where he held his first crusades, on the grounds of the Library.", "In the early 1990s US federal agents were investigating Dr. George Zahorian, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania physician who had been dispensing anabolic steroids and other drugs to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) wrestlers at WWF events. In 1991 Dr. Zahorian was convicted under the US federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the prescription of steroids for non-therapeutic purposes. This led to WWF owner Vince McMahon Jr., who admitted to being a steroid user himself, being put on trial on charges of steroid distribution in 1994. The trial concluded with McMahon's acquittal. During this time Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF, claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company. His lawsuit was unsuccessful, partly because he had been using steroids for a decade preceding his WWF debut. Recalling the lawsuit on a 2003 episode of WWE Confidential, he attributed the litigation to his bitterness and claimed that he was an innovator of steroid use in the organization. Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids during this time, including an appearance with McMahon on The Phil Donahue Show in 1992. During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children. McMahon claimed the abuse had never taken place, and Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF. In his autobiography, Graham describes making the allegations as being \"my most shameful moment, not only in the wrestling profession, but in my life\". Graham wrote an apology to McMahon but received no response until his 2002 liver transplant. Five years after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame, Graham was released from his consultancy position in World Wrestling Entertainment."], "answer": {"text": "During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children.", "answer_start": 1200}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why?", "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "His lawsuit was unsuccessful,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened after the suit failed?", "answer": {"text": "Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#5", "question": "did these allegations get anywhere?", "rewrite": "did Billy Graham's allegations that WWF officials sexually abuse children get anywhere?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Not only that, Mercy Sisters were accused in the report of physically, verbally and emotionally, and perhaps even sexually abusing, or allowing lay personnel to sexually abuse children under the care of the order. Vincent Mercer was convicted in 2003 and 2005 of offences at Newbridge College, County Kildare, in the 1970s. In May 2011, allegations of sexual abuse by a member of the St. Patrick's Missionary Society in Africa were revealed on the RT\u00c9 programme \"Prime Time Investigates\". Alan Shatter, the Irish Minister for Justice, stated that  Jeremiah McGrath of the St Patrick's Missionary Society was convicted in Liverpool, England, in May 2007 for facilitating abuse by Billy Adams. McGrath had given Adams \u00a320,000 in 2005 and Adams had used the money to impress a 12-year-old girl whom he then raped over a six-month period. McGrath denied knowing about the abuse but admitted having a brief sexual relationship with Adams. His appeal in January 2008 was dismissed. In 2003 the society paid \u20ac325,000 for abuse committed by Fr. Peter Kennedy of the Kiltegan Fathers in 1982. The international Sisters of Nazareth, formerly the \"Poor Sisters of Nazareth\", ran \"Nazareth Houses\" based in Derry, Northern Ireland, and at nearby Fahan in County Donegal. They were investigated by the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry in 2014 for allegations that: \"..included sexual abuse by older children, visiting priests, employees and, in one instance, a nun.\" Fr. Marcial Maciel (1920\u20132008) founded the Legion of Christ, a Roman Catholic order of priests originating in Mexico. Nine former seminarians of his order accused Maciel of molestation. One retracted his accusation, saying that it was a plot intended to discredit the Legion. Maciel maintained his innocence of the accusations.", "Reported cases of SRA involve bizarre activities, some of which are impossible (like people flying), that makes the credibility of victims of child sexual abuse questionable. In cases where SRA is alleged to occur, Lanning describes common dynamics of the use of fear to control multiple young victims, the presence of multiple perpetrators and strange or ritualized behaviors, though allegations of crimes such as human sacrifice and cannibalism do not seem to be true. Lanning also suggests several reasons why adult victims may make allegations of SRA, including \"pathological distortion, traumatic memory, normal childhood fears and fantasies, misperception, and confusion\". Allegations of SRA have appeared throughout the world. The failure of certain high-profile legal cases generated worldwide media attention, and came to play a central feature in the growing controversies over child abuse, memory and the law. The testimony of children in these cases may have led to their collapse, as juries came to believe that the sources of the allegations were the use of suggestive and manipulative interviewing techniques, rather than actual events. Research since that time has supported these concerns and without the use of these techniques it is unlikely the cases would ever have reached trial. In one analysis of 36 court cases involving sexual abuse of children within rituals, only one quarter resulted in convictions and the convictions had little to do with ritual sex abuse. In a 1994 survey of more than 11,000 psychiatric and police workers throughout the US, conducted for the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, researchers investigated approximately 12,000 accusations of group cult sexual abuse based on satanic ritual. The survey found no substantiated reports of well-organized satanic rings of people who sexually abuse children, but did find incidents in which the ritualistic aspects were secondary to the abuse and were used to intimidate victims.", "Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "These armed groups were claimed to torture, sexually assault, and execute villagers based on false accusations. In one instance found by \"BuzzFeed News\" investigators, an 11-year-old boy was allegedly tortured by WWF-funded rangers in front of his parents; the WWF ignored all complaints against the rangers. In another incident, a ranger attempted to rape a Tharu woman and, when she resisted, attacked her with bamboo stick until she lost consciousness. While the ranger was arrested, the woman was pressured not to press charges, resulting in the ranger going free. In 2010, WWF-sponsored rangers reportedly killed a 12-year-old girl who was collecting tree bark in Bardiya National Park. Park and WWF officials allegedly obstructed investigations in these cases, by \"falsifying and destroying evidence, falsely claiming the victims were poachers, and pressuring the families of the victims to withdraw criminal complaints\". In July 2019 Buzzfeed reported that a leaked report by the WWF accused guards of beating and raping women including pregnant women while torturing men by tying their penises with fishing lines. The investigations were cut short after paramilitary groups threatened investigators with death. The investigators accused WWF of covering up the crimes. Releasing an official statement, the WWF claimed that the report was not made public to ensure the safety of the victims and that the guards were suspended and are awaiting prosecution. However Buzzfeed accused the WWF of attempting to withhold the report to the US congressional committee investigating the human rights violations by providing high redacted versions instead. In the Central African Republic, WWF officials were reportedly involved in an arms deal, where the organization paid for 15 AK assault rifles and ammunition; but part of the money went unaccounted and apparently defrauded by the CAR army representatives selling the weapons.", "In the early 1990s US federal agents were investigating Dr. George Zahorian, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania physician who had been dispensing anabolic steroids and other drugs to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) wrestlers at WWF events. In 1991 Dr. Zahorian was convicted under the US federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 which prohibited the prescription of steroids for non-therapeutic purposes. This led to WWF owner Vince McMahon Jr., who admitted to being a steroid user himself, being put on trial on charges of steroid distribution in 1994. The trial concluded with McMahon's acquittal. During this time Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF, claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company. His lawsuit was unsuccessful, partly because he had been using steroids for a decade preceding his WWF debut. Recalling the lawsuit on a 2003 episode of WWE Confidential, he attributed the litigation to his bitterness and claimed that he was an innovator of steroid use in the organization. Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids during this time, including an appearance with McMahon on The Phil Donahue Show in 1992. During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children. McMahon claimed the abuse had never taken place, and Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF. In his autobiography, Graham describes making the allegations as being \"my most shameful moment, not only in the wrestling profession, but in my life\". Graham wrote an apology to McMahon but received no response until his 2002 liver transplant. Five years after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame, Graham was released from his consultancy position in World Wrestling Entertainment."], "answer": {"text": "Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF.", "answer_start": 1351}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why?", "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "His lawsuit was unsuccessful,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened after the suit failed?", "answer": {"text": "Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the campaign do?", "answer": {"text": "During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children.", "answer_start": 1200, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95a02857a40c472c9e6d8cb7b304fd2b_0_q#6", "question": "was he able to get money from them after all?", "rewrite": "was Billy Graham able to get money from the WWF after all?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is a non-profit Christian outreach organization. The BGEA has a variety of aims including internet evangelism, the Decision America Tour, The Billy Graham Channel on SiriusXM, \"crusade-style\" events in cities around the world, disaster response through the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team, television broadcasts, podcasts and audio programs, \"Decision\" magazine, and evangelism training. The BGEA also includes the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove in Asheville, North Carolina and the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina. The organization was founded in 1950 by Billy Graham in Minneapolis, Minnesota during Graham's time in the region; it later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. In August 2018, six months after Graham's death, the BGEA partnered with Sirius XM Holdings to create a permanent Billy Graham Channel featuring Graham's past sermons. The organization was originally known for its radio program, \"The Hour of Decision,\" which was first broadcast in 1950 and continued for more than 60 years. Franklin Graham, the oldest son of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of the BGEA. In 2018, Franklin Graham took his \"Decision America Tour\" to 17 cities in Washington, Oregon, and California. Franklin Graham visited all 50 state capitals in a 2016 tour which over 230,000 people attended, according to the BGEA. Several times a year, Franklin Graham and his oldest son, Will Graham, preach at evangelistic crusade events in different parts of the world. The events are modeled after the crusades Billy Graham was known for holding, many of which were broadcast on national television. The BGEA's internet evangelism ministry, Search for Jesus, was launched in 2011.", "Will Graham (evangelist)  William Franklin Graham IV (born January 30, 1975) is an American Christian evangelist. He is the executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove and associate evangelist of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Graham is the third generation of Grahams to preach under the banner of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA). He is the grandson of Billy Graham and the oldest son of Franklin Graham. The oldest of the four children of evangelist Franklin Graham and wife Jane Graham, Will Graham grew up in a farm house in the mountains of Boone, North Carolina, along with his two brothers and one sister. He made his commitment to Christ as a young boy one Sunday after a church service. He graduated from Liberty University in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Religion and in 2001 graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary with a Master of Divinity degree. Since beginning his evangelistic ministry with youth-oriented, one-day events in Canada, Graham has spoken to audiences across North America, South America, Australia, India, and other parts of Asia. Graham's first crusade-style event took place in 2006 in Leduc, Alberta. His first Celebration on U.S. soil came later that year in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since then, he has held evangelistic outreaches in Australia, Canada, England, Tanzania, India, Romania, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Scotland, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Mexico and many American states. Graham also serves BGEA as executive director of the Billy Graham Training Center at The Cove in Asheville, North Carolina. The Cove offers multi-day seminars and one-day events on a variety of Christian subjects and features nationally-recognized speakers. In 2018 Will Graham played the role of his grandfather Billy Graham in the motion picture \"\".", "Graham George Able Graham George Able (born 28 July 1947) is a noted educationalist who was the Master at Dulwich College from 1997-2009. He was educated at Worksop College and went on to study Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received his MA in 1968. In 1969 he completed his PGCE and married Mary Susan Munro with whom he has a son, and a daughter. After completing his PGCE in 1969 Graham Able went on to teach at Sutton Valence School. In 1976 he became the Boarding Housemaster and he continued in this role until his departure in 1983. In 1983 he also completed an MA in Social Sciences from Durham University. In that year he took up the position of Second Master at Barnard Castle School and in 1988 he left Barnard Castle School and went on to become the Headmaster of Hampton School. During his time at Hampton School he jointly published \u2018\u2019Head to Head\u2019\u2019 in 1992, became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1994, and MIoD in 1995. In 1996 he left Hampton School and took up the position of Master of Dulwich College in 1997. He retired in the Summer of 2009. During his time at Dulwich College Graham Able was Co-Chairman of the HMC and GSA Education and Academic Policy Committee (from 1998 to 2001). In 2003 he was chairman of the HMC. Since 1998 he has been on the Edexcel Foundation Council, on the Council and Court of ICSTM since 1999 and on the Council of Roedean School since 2000. In 2010, Graham Able took up the position of Chief Executive of the Alpha Plus Group, an education company that owns a number of schools and colleges in the UK. His love of cricket is epitomised by his membership of the MCC and he is also an honorary member of the East India Club.", "Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the primary location for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes, as well as the graduate school's main headquarters, and host to multiple museums and auditoriums. The Billy Graham Center Museum, opened in 1980, is designed to help visitors \"extend their understanding of the good news about Jesus\", and contains exhibits about the history of Christian evangelism in the United States and the ministry of Billy Graham. Changing exhibits are designed around the themes of evangelism, missions and Christian art. The Billy Graham Center also hosts the Billy Graham Center Ministries. Eleven departments and Institutes focused on \"Stimulating Global Evangelism\" with 25-40 staff, carry out the work. The center differs from the Billy Graham Library, opened in 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina; the library serves primarily as an evangelical tool for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and is open to the general public. According to journalist Jeff Sharlet, The Billy Graham Center holds 600 boxes of records for the Christian political organization The Fellowship.", "Soon after, a nationwide broadcasting contract was signed and work began on the radio ministry. This was also the start of what became known as the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, the umbrella organization under which all of Billy Graham's work was to be done. The first \"Hour of Decision\" broadcast, titled \"Revival\", was broadcast live for 30 minutes on 150 stations across the United States of America from a Crusade in Atlanta, Georgia by the American Broadcasting Company. As of 2010, the \"Hour of Decision\" programme was syndicated across 581 radio stations in the United States, as well as over 400 radio stations across the world. The programme was aired in five different languages (English, Mandarin, Spanish, French and Persian) across 55 countries in all six continents worldwide. From 1950 until 2014, Billy Graham's Crusade musical director and MC Cliff Barrows hosted the radio program before transitioning to become the host of the new online-only program \"Hour of Decision Online\" (alongside Bob Souer) on May 4, 2014. The existing radio program \"Hour of Decision\" was re-branded to become \"Peace With God\", with Bill Maier taking over as host. It was a 26-minute program featuring sermons from Billy Graham, Franklin Graham or Will Graham. However, that program ended shortly after, with the final broadcast, \"Time To Come Home\" (featuring Billy Graham's message from a 1992 Crusade in Portland, Oregon) airing on February 22, 2015. The current \"Hour of Decision Online\" program is between 30\u201345 minutes long, with each focusing on a particular Crusade. New episodes are released every Sunday on the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's website, at hourofdecisiononline.org. It can also be accessed via the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's official app, available on the App Store or Google Play."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what disputes did Billy Graham have?", "answer": {"text": "Graham personally sued Zahorian and the WWF,", "answer_start": 606, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why?", "answer": {"text": "claiming that they had forced him to take steroids to maintain his position in the company.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "His lawsuit was unsuccessful,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened after the suit failed?", "answer": {"text": "Graham went on a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of steroids", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the campaign do?", "answer": {"text": "During the Donahue taping Graham claimed to have witnessed WWF officials sexually abuse children.", "answer_start": 1200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did these allegations get anywhere?", "answer": {"text": "Graham later admitted that he made up the allegations, hoping to extort \"hush money\" out of the WWF.", "answer_start": 1351, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#0", "question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "rewrite": "What was the' Great Plague?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon.", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "Great Plague of 1738 The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738\u20131740 that affected areas in the modern nations of Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, and Austria. Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people. In February 1738 the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army. According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives. Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Timi\u015foara. Timi\u015foara's Monument of the Holy Trinity in Pia\u0163a Unirii is dedicated to the plague's victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762\u20131763. Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Z\u0103rne\u015fti, and 70 in Codlea. More than 10% of the population of Cluj-Napoca was reported to have been killed by the pandemic. The disease's spread extended to the Adriatic. It made its way to the island of Bra\u010d in modern-day Croatia. By the summer, the Serbian region of Grad Zrenjanin was also affected.", "To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707."], "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#1", "question": "What was included in this plague?", "rewrite": "What was included in the Great Plague?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707.", "Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon.", "Great Plague of 1738 The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738\u20131740 that affected areas in the modern nations of Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, and Austria. Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people. In February 1738 the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army. According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives. Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Timi\u015foara. Timi\u015foara's Monument of the Holy Trinity in Pia\u0163a Unirii is dedicated to the plague's victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762\u20131763. Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Z\u0103rne\u015fti, and 70 in Codlea. More than 10% of the population of Cluj-Napoca was reported to have been killed by the pandemic. The disease's spread extended to the Adriatic. It made its way to the island of Bra\u010d in modern-day Croatia. By the summer, the Serbian region of Grad Zrenjanin was also affected.", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases."], "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#2", "question": "What happened to the poor?", "rewrite": "What happened to the poor people during the Great Plague?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon.", "Great Plague of Seville The Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652) was a massive outbreak of the disease in Spain that killed up to a quarter of Seville's population. Unlike the plague of 1596\u20131602, which claimed 600,000 to 700,000 lives, or a little under 8% of the population and initially struck northern and central Spain and Andalusia in the south, the Great Plague, which may have arisen in Algeria, struck the Mediterranean side of Spain first. The coastal city of Valencia was the first city to be hit, losing an estimated 30,000 people. The disease raged through Andaluc\u00eda, in addition to sweeping the north into Catalonia and Aragon. The coast of M\u00e1laga lost upwards of 50,000 people. In Seville, quarantine measures were evaded, ignored, unproposed and/or unenforced. The results were devastating. The city of Seville and its rural districts were thought to have lost 150,000 people\u2014 starting with a total population of 600,000. Altogether Spain was thought to have lost 500,000 people, out of a population of slightly fewer than 10,000,000, or nearly 5% of its entire population. This was the greatest, but not the only, plague of 17th century Spain. Almost 25 years later, another plague ravaged Spain. For nine years (1676\u20131685), great outbreaks of the disease attacked in waves across the country. It struck the areas of Andaluc\u00eda and Valencia particularly hard. In conjunction with the poor harvest of 1682-83 which created famine conditions, the effects killed tens of thousands of the weakened and exhausted population. When it ended in 1685, it is estimated to have taken over 250,000 lives. This was the last outbreak of plague in Spain in the 17th century. Three great plagues ravaged Spain in the 17th century.", "To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707.", "Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge."], "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#3", "question": "Did they become sick?", "rewrite": "Did the poor people become sick during the Great Plague?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707.", "The Magic Dust Village is centered within the Region of Madness, and its inhabitants are responsible for the even distribution of the dust throughout Xanth. Located close to Centaur Isle, No Name Key is home to a carefully guarded gateway between Xanth and Mundania. It is used in multiple books as a two-way passage between the two worlds, including \"Heaven Cent\", \"Man from Mundania\", \"Yon Ill Wind\", \"Swell Foop\" and \"Cube Route\". To the north of Xanth is Mundania. Its border is shaped like Georgia's and Alabama's border with Florida. Located orbiting the Head of Princess Ida of Castle Roogna. The Moons of Ida are recursive, because every moon has its own civilization, and its own Princess Ida, each of which has a differently-shaped moon orbiting her head, which inevitably loops back around to Xanth. Counter Xanth is a territory won from Demon F(O/R)nax in \"Up in a Heaval\". It is explored in \"Cube Route\". Being made from contra-terrene matter, Counter Xanth is the complete opposite of Xanth geographically. For example, instead of the Gap Chasm, there is a mountain ridge. There are different areas of Counter Xanth, where natures are reversed. For example, in one area tall people become short and vice versa, while in another sick people become healthy and healthy people become sick. Even species can be changed here, depending on the territory. Counter Xanth can only be reached by sidestepping, which is done with the help of Cory and Tessa (real names Corybant and Tessarect). The two link hands and step backwards into the \"other realm\", an invisible region existing alongside Xanth.", "Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon."], "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#4", "question": "Around what year was this happening?", "rewrite": "Around what year was the Great Plague happening?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "PAK is bound to the \u03b1PIX SH3 domain in the inactive state, and activated Rac1 or Cdc42 binding to this PAK stimulates its protein kinase activity leading to downstream target protein phosphorylation; since \u03b1PIX can activate the \u201cp21\u2019\u2019 small GTPases Rac1 or Cdc42 through its GEF activity, this \u03b1PIX/PAK/Rac complex exemplifies a scaffolding function. Structurally, \u03b1PIX assembles as a trimer through its carboxyl-terminal coiled-coil domain, and further interacts with dimers of GIT1 or GIT2 through a nearby GIT-binding domain to form oligomeric GIT-PIX complexes. Through this GIT-PIX complex, the scaffolding function of \u03b1PIX is amplified by also being able to hold GIT partners in proximity to \u03b1PIX partners. \u03b1PIX contains an amino-terminal Calponin Homology (CH) domain whose functions remain relatively poorly defined, but interacts with parvin/affixin family proteins. Because the ARHGEF6 gene is located on the X chromosome so that males have only one copy, mutations in this gene in humans can cause X-chromosome-linked non-specific intellectual disability, as can mutations affecting its binding partner PAK3 whose gene is also located on the X chromosome. In animal models, loss of ARHGEF6 gene function is associated with neuronal synapse defects, immune T-cell migration and maturation defects, and hearing loss. \u03b1PIX has been reported to interact with over 40 proteins. Major interacting proteins include:", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "ARHGEF6 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the \"ARHGEF6\" gene. ARHGEF6 is commonly known as the p21-activated protein kinase exchange factor alpha (alpha-PIX or \u03b1PIX), because it was identified by binding to p21-activated kinase (PAK) and also contains a guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain. \u03b1PIX is a multidomain protein that functions both as a signaling scaffold protein and as an enzyme. \u03b1PIX shares this domain structure and signaling function with the highly similar ARHGEF7/\u03b2PIX protein. \u03b1PIX contains a central DH/PH RhoGEF domain that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for small GTPases of the Rho family, and specifically Rac and Cdc42. Like other GEFs, \u03b1PIX can promote both release of GDP from an inactive small GTP-binding protein and binding of GTP to promote its activation. Signaling scaffolds bind to specific partners to promote efficient signal transduction by arranging sequential elements of a pathway near each other to facilitate interaction/information transfer, and also by holding these partner protein complexes in specific locations within the cell to promote local or regional signaling. In the case of \u03b1PIX, its SH3 domain binds to partner proteins with appropriate polyproline motifs, and particularly to group I p21-activated kinases (PAKs) (PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3).", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon."], "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#5", "question": "What was the cause?", "rewrite": "What was the cause of the Great Plague?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Great Plague of 1738 The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738\u20131740 that affected areas in the modern nations of Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, and Austria. Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people. In February 1738 the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army. According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives. Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Timi\u015foara. Timi\u015foara's Monument of the Holy Trinity in Pia\u0163a Unirii is dedicated to the plague's victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762\u20131763. Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Z\u0103rne\u015fti, and 70 in Codlea. More than 10% of the population of Cluj-Napoca was reported to have been killed by the pandemic. The disease's spread extended to the Adriatic. It made its way to the island of Bra\u010d in modern-day Croatia. By the summer, the Serbian region of Grad Zrenjanin was also affected.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon.", "Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707."], "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#6", "question": "Did the plague ever come to an end?", "rewrite": "Did the Great Plague ever come to an end?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Great Plague of London The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which originated in China in 1331, the first year of the Black Death, an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague, and lasted until 1750. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people\u2014almost a quarter of London's population\u2014in 18 months. The plague was caused by the \"Yersinia pestis\" bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea. The 1665\u201366 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic; it was remembered afterwards as the \"great\" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year timespan of the Second Pandemic. As in other European cities of the period, the plague was endemic in 17th century London. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, and 10,000 in 1636, as well as smaller numbers in other years. During the winter of 1664, a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful, wondering what evil event it portended. London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall, which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands. There were gates at Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge.", "Great Plague of 1738 The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738\u20131740 that affected areas in the modern nations of Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, and Austria. Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people. In February 1738 the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army. According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives. Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Timi\u015foara. Timi\u015foara's Monument of the Holy Trinity in Pia\u0163a Unirii is dedicated to the plague's victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762\u20131763. Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Z\u0103rne\u015fti, and 70 in Codlea. More than 10% of the population of Cluj-Napoca was reported to have been killed by the pandemic. The disease's spread extended to the Adriatic. It made its way to the island of Bra\u010d in modern-day Croatia. By the summer, the Serbian region of Grad Zrenjanin was also affected.", "Pare also believed in dressing wounds with clean bandages and ointments, including one he made himself composed of eggs, oil of roses, and turpentine. He was the first to design artificial hands and limbs for amputation patients. On one of the artificial hands, the two pairs of fingers could be moved for simple grabbing and releasing tasks and the hand look perfectly natural underneath a glove. Medical catastrophes were more common in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance than they are today. During the Renaissance, trade routes were the perfect means of transportation for disease. Eight hundred years after the Plague of Justinian, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the Black Death reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed 25 million Europeans in six years, approximately 1/3 of the total population and up to a 2/3 in the worst-affected urban areas. Before Mongols left besieged Crimean Kaffa the dead or dying bodies of the infected soldiers were loaded onto catapults and launched over Kaffa's walls to infect those inside. This incident was among the earliest known examples of biological warfare and is credited as being the source of the spread of the Black Death into Europe. The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean from 14th through 17th centuries. Notable later outbreaks include the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u20131652), the Great Plague of London (1665\u20131666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679), the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u20131722 and the 1771 plague in Moscow. Before the Spanish discovered the New World (continental America), the deadly infections of smallpox, measles, and influenza were unheard of. The Native Americans did not have the immunities the Europeans developed through long contact with the diseases.", "To commemorate the city's deliverance from the Great Plague and later waves of the disease, the Viennese erected monuments such as the famous Baroque Karlskirche with the associated 69 foot plague columns known as the Pests\u00e4ule. What has become known as the \"Great Plague of Vienna\", was actually only a subset of a much larger outbreak across Germany, Austria, Bohemia and neighboring regions. This epidemic appears to have been carried into the region from two opposing directions. It had been raging in Western Europe for many years, traveling East by trade routes. The Great Plague of London of 1665\u20131666, which is believed to have originated from the Netherlands in the 1650s, killed around 100,000 people, and was the first major epidemic in a series of outbreaks. In 1666 a severe plague raged in Cologne and on the Rhine, which was prolonged until 1670 in the district. In the Netherlands there was plague in 1667\u20131669, but there are no definite notices of it after 1672. France saw its last plague epidemic in 1668. In the years 1675\u20131684 a new plague wave originated in the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and areas of the Balkans). It moved into North Africa, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Saxony, progressing generally northward. The island of Malta lost 11,000 people in 1675. The plague of Vienna in 1679 was very severe, causing at least 76,000 deaths. Other urban centers in this area of Europe had similar levels of casualties. For instance, Prague in 1681 lost 83,000 due to plague. Dresden was affected in 1680, Magdeburg and Halle in 1682. In Halle, a mortality of 4,397 out of a population of about 10,000 was recorded. Many North German city populations fell in these years. By 1683, the plague disappeared from Germany until the epidemic of 1707.", "The plague returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the early 19th century. In England, for example, the plague returned in 1360\u201363 killing 20% of Londoners and in 1369 killing 10\u201315%. In the 17th-century outbreaks were a series of \"great plagues\": the Great Plague of Seville (1647\u201352); the Great Plague of London (1665\u201366); and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). In its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720\u201322, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit Eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770\u20131772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe though lingering in Egypt and the Middle East. By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease. The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Third Pandemic hit China in the 1890s and devastated India, but was largely contained in the east, though becoming endemic in the Western United States. It still causes sporadic outbreaks. Arab historians Ibn Al-Wardni and Almaqrizi believed the Black Death originated in Mongolia, and Chinese records show a huge outbreak in Mongolia in the early 1330s. Europe was initially protected by a hiatus in the Silk Road, but a 1347 Mongolian siege at Caffa\u2014the last Italian outpost on the Crimean Peninsula\u2014spread it to the defenders, who carried it back with them that winter. It arrived at Genoa and Venice in January 1348, while simultaneously spreading through Asia Minor and into Egypt. The bubonic form was described graphically in Florence in \"The Decameron\" and Guy de Chauliac also described the pneumonic form at Avignon."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause?", "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the impacts on the poor, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional).", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "So I did my best to infuse deities like Deneir, Selune, and even poor little Cyrrollalee with interesting, occasionally challenging ideas that they hadn't been exposed to in the long history of the Realms. When ground has been covered eleven times before, it's really tempting to just parrot older material, changing the exact wording but not worrying too much about updating the gears that make that material work. For \"Faiths and Pantheons\", I tried to tear some of these gods (particularly some of the lamer ones) to their core concepts and build up from there. That's not to say they're so different as to be unrecognizable--they're the same deities, but some of them have new, hopefully interesting aspects to their characters and motivations that haven't been revealed until now.\"", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge."], "answer": {"text": "Claire Tomalin writes that \"the most notable fact about Pepys's plague year is that to him it was one of the happiest of his life.", "answer_start": 547}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause?", "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the plague ever come to an end?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#8", "question": "Why was it so happy?", "rewrite": "Why was Samuel Pepys' so happy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Samuel Pepys Club The Samuel Pepys Club is a London club founded in 1903 to do honour to the memory of Samuel Pepys (1633\u20131703), the English naval administrator and Member of Parliament now best known as a diarist. On 26 May 1903, at the Garrick Club in London, a group of four men interested at various degrees in Samuel Pepys met together over dinner to celebrate the exact bicentenary of the death of the diarist. They were: They resolved to found a club to honour the memory of Pepys, \"to dine annually and to hold meetings at which they would hear readings from the \"Diary\", listen to music of his era, and give and listen to papers on various aspects of his life\". The response of admirers of Pepys was enthusiastic, and the first dinner was held on 1 December 1903 at Clothworkers' Hall, in memory of Pepys's Mastership (1677\u20138). They listened to music arranged by Sir Frederick Bridge, consisting of songs and of instrumental music on the flageolet, recorder, and trumpet marine. One of the quotations read from the \"Diary\" was thoroughly appropriate to this opening meeting of the Club: \"To Clothworkers' Hall to dinner. Our entertainment very good, a brave hall, good company, and very good music.\" (\"Diary\", 28 June 1660). The first president was Henry B. Wheatley, assisted by his brother Benjamin R. Wheatley acting as secretary, and by Sir D'Arcy Power as treasurer. In 1953, fifty years after its foundation, the Club established an executive committee charged with the general conduct of the affairs. It includes four officers, eight elected members, and four \"ex-officio\" members. Since 1985, the president of the Club has been John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich.", "William Hewer William Hewer (1642 \u2013 3 December 1715), sometimes known as Will Hewer, was one of Samuel Pepys' manservants, and later Pepys's clerk, before embarking on an administrative career of his own. Hewer is mentioned several times in Pepys' diary and was ultimately the executor of Pepys' will. Hewer was employed by Samuel Pepys as a manservant and office clerk for Pepys' work as the new Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board. By November 1663, Hewer was able to move out of Pepys' house and have his own lodgings. Hewer was initially introduced to Pepys by Hewer's uncle Robert Blackborne, whose sister was Hewer's mother, and who was a longtime Pepys friend with whom he worked at the Admiralty. It has been said that the biggest favor Blackborne did for Pepys was the introduction of his nephew Hewer to Pepys in 1660. Hewer is frequently mentioned in Pepys' diary as a trusted friend as well as an assistant. As their relationship developed, it became a professional partnership as well as a personal friendship. When Pepys moved to the Admiralty in 1673, Hewer moved to the Admiralty as well and became Chief Clerk the following year. In 1677, he was appointed as Judge Advocate-General. In 1685, he became MP for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight. He was appointed to the Special Commission which replaced the Navy Board in 1686 with responsibility for accounts. After the deposition of James II in 1689, Pepys and Hewer lost their patronage from the Crown; both were briefly imprisoned, but were released without trial. Hewer managed to become very rich.", "Roger Pepys Roger Pepys (3 May 1617 \u2013 4 October 1688) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1678. He is chiefly remembered as Samuel Pepys's \"Cousin Roger\": he and his children appear regularly in Samuel's great Diary. Relations between the two men were always good. Pepys was born at Heydon, Norfolk, the son of Talbot Pepys of Impington, Cambridgeshire and his wife Beatrice Castell, daughter of John Castell of Raveningham, Norfolk. He was educated at The Perse School , Cambridge under the headmastership of Abel Lovering (later the much loved headmaster of Norwwich School) and was admitted at Christ's College, Cambridge on 17 April 1635. He was admitted at the Middle Temple on 4 November 1634 and was called to the bar in 1641. His cousin Samuel Pepys considered him to be too simple to be a useful lawyer, although his integrity was never in doubt. In the bitter and long drawn out inheritance dispute over the Brampton estate in Huntingdonshire, which Samuel inherited from his uncle Robert, Roger himself regretted that the ultimate settlement was far from favourable to Samuel, his client, although they agreed that it was better to settle the case then let it drag on. He became recorder of Cambridge in 1660 when his father gave up that position. In 1661, Pepys was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1678. He was active in various bills in his early years in the house, particularly the plague bill in 1665. Though not a republican, he was something of a Puritan, and his cousin Samuel in his Diary records his low opinion of the \"young bloods\" who dominated the Cavalier Parliament. He was also critical of the Anglican bishops, especially Gilbert Sheldon.", "The Club has no fixed club house nor building. Its meetings and dinners are held in diverse venues in and around London. Besides the annual dinner usually held in October in one of the many livery halls of London, St Olave Hart Street, in co-ordination with the Samuel Pepys Club, holds a Pepys Commemoration Service each year in May, as close as possible to the anniversary of his death on 26 May. An invited speaker gives an address on some aspect of Pepys's life. Recent subjects have included: \"Pepys's Musical World\", \"Pepys and Trinity House\", and \"Pepys and St Paul's School\". Several outings to Pepysian places of interest are also organised round the year. The Club initially aimed at bringing together those who had made significant academic contributions to Pepysian studies, and the initial membership was restricted to 50. Due to demand, this number was rapidly increased to 70, Pepys's age when he died. The first female member was elected in 1952. Membership was extended in 2003 to 140 UK members, plus 14 overseas members. Anyone with a genuine personal interest in Pepys and his times qualifies for election on proposal by an existing member, and upon approval by the executive committee. Membership is eclectic, ranging from bishops, historians, navy officers, and writers, to lawyers, surgeons, and academics. Honorary \"ex-officio\" members are: At the beginning of the 21st century, the Club founded the \"Samuel Pepys Award\", a biennal prize given for a book that \"makes the greatest contribution to the understanding of Samuel Pepys, his times or his contemporaries in the interest of encouraging scholarship in this area. \" It was first presented in 2003 to mark the centenary of the Club and the tercentenary of Pepys's death.", "Robert Latham (editor)  Robert Clifford Latham CBE, MA, FBA (11 March 1912 \u2013 4 January 1995) was Fellow and Pepys Librarian of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and joint editor of \"The Diary of Samuel Pepys\" (1970\u201383). Latham was born on 11 March 1912 in Audley, Staffordshire. He was educated at Wolstanton Grammar School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire (now Wolstanton High School) and Queens' College, Cambridge where he received a double First Class Honours Degree in history. In 1935 he was appointed an Assistant Lecturer at King's College London, and in 1939 a Lecturer. He was Reader in History (1947\u20131972) and Dean of Men (1965-1968) at Royal Holloway College, University of London, during the introduction of male undergraduates. In the academic year 1968\u201369 he was Professor of History at the University of Toronto. From 1970 to 1972 he was Research Fellow, from 1972 to 1984 Fellow, and from 1984 to 1994 Hon. Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, where, as Pepys Librarian from 1972 to 1982, he had charge of the remarkable collection of books, prints and manuscripts which Samuel Pepys had left to his old college. Beginning in 1950, he devoted the greater part of his life to the study and editing of Pepys' diary. His work, undertaken in collaboration with Professor Willam Matthews of UCLA, was eventually published as \"The Diary of Samuel Pepys: a new and complete transcription\" in nine volumes, along with two separate Index and Companion volumes, in 1970\u201383. Latham's second wife, Linnet, assisted him with the compilation of the Index and Companion volumes: the Index volume alone ran to some 900 pages. Latham described the edition as \"the first [...] in which the entire text was printed and a comprehensive commentary published\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1665, he worked very hard, and the outcome was that he quadrupled his fortune.", "answer_start": 679}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause?", "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the plague ever come to an end?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Claire Tomalin writes that \"the most notable fact about Pepys's plague year is that to him it was one of the happiest of his life.", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#9", "question": "How else did this effect him?", "rewrite": "Aside from being happy, how else did the Great Plague effect Samuel Pepys?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Roger Pepys Roger Pepys (3 May 1617 \u2013 4 October 1688) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1678. He is chiefly remembered as Samuel Pepys's \"Cousin Roger\": he and his children appear regularly in Samuel's great Diary. Relations between the two men were always good. Pepys was born at Heydon, Norfolk, the son of Talbot Pepys of Impington, Cambridgeshire and his wife Beatrice Castell, daughter of John Castell of Raveningham, Norfolk. He was educated at The Perse School , Cambridge under the headmastership of Abel Lovering (later the much loved headmaster of Norwwich School) and was admitted at Christ's College, Cambridge on 17 April 1635. He was admitted at the Middle Temple on 4 November 1634 and was called to the bar in 1641. His cousin Samuel Pepys considered him to be too simple to be a useful lawyer, although his integrity was never in doubt. In the bitter and long drawn out inheritance dispute over the Brampton estate in Huntingdonshire, which Samuel inherited from his uncle Robert, Roger himself regretted that the ultimate settlement was far from favourable to Samuel, his client, although they agreed that it was better to settle the case then let it drag on. He became recorder of Cambridge in 1660 when his father gave up that position. In 1661, Pepys was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1678. He was active in various bills in his early years in the house, particularly the plague bill in 1665. Though not a republican, he was something of a Puritan, and his cousin Samuel in his Diary records his low opinion of the \"young bloods\" who dominated the Cavalier Parliament. He was also critical of the Anglican bishops, especially Gilbert Sheldon.", "A Journal of the Plague Year A Journal of the Plague Year is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in March 1722. This novel is an account of one man's experiences of the year 1665, in which the Great Plague or the bubonic plague struck the city of London. The book is told somewhat chronologically, though without sections or chapter headings. Presented as an eyewitness account of the events at the time, it was written in the years just prior to the book's first publication in March 1722. Defoe was only five years old in 1665, and the book itself was published under the initials \"H. F.\" and is probably based on the journals of Defoe's uncle, Henry Foe. In the book, Defoe goes to great pains to achieve an effect of verisimilitude, identifying specific neighborhoods, streets, and even houses in which events took place. Additionally, it provides tables of casualty figures and discusses the credibility of various accounts and anecdotes received by the narrator. The novel is often compared to the actual, contemporary accounts of the plague in the diary of Samuel Pepys. Defoe's account, which appears to include much research, is far more systematic and detailed than Pepys's first-person account. Whether the \"Journal\" can properly be regarded as a novel has been disputed. It was initially read as a work of non-fiction, but by the 1780s the work's fictional status was accepted. Debate continued as to whether Defoe could be regarded as the work's author rather than merely its editor. One modern literary critic has asserted that 'the invented detail is... small and inessential', while Watson Nicholson \u2013 writing in 1919 \u2013 argued that the work can be regarded as 'authentic history'.", "In August of the same year the King raised his banner at Nottingham, and during the English Civil War London took the side of the parliament. Initially the king had the upper hand in military terms and in November he won the Battle of Brentford a few miles to the west of London. The City organised a new makeshift army and Charles hesitated and retreated. Subsequently, an extensive system of fortifications was built to protect London from a renewed attack by the Royalists. This comprised a strong earthen rampart, enhanced with bastions and redoubts. It was well beyond the City walls and encompassed the whole urban area, including Westminster and Southwark. London was not seriously threatened by the royalists again, and the financial resources of the City made an important contribution to the parliamentarians' victory in the war. The unsanitary and overcrowded City of London has suffered from the numerous outbreaks of the plague many times over the centuries, but in Britain it is the last major outbreak which is remembered as the \"Great Plague\" It occurred in 1665 and 1666 and killed around 60,000 people, which was one fifth of the population. Samuel Pepys chronicled the epidemic in his diary. On 4 September 1665 he wrote \"I have stayed in the city till above 7400 died in one week, and of them about 6000 of the plague, and little noise heard day or night but tolling of bells.\" The Great Plague was immediately followed by another catastrophe, albeit one which helped to put an end to the plague. On the Sunday, 2 September 1666 the Great Fire of London broke out at one o'clock in the morning at a bakery in Pudding Lane in the southern part of the City. Fanned by an eastern wind the fire spread, and efforts to arrest it by pulling down houses to make firebreaks were disorganised to begin with.", "Samuel Pepys Club The Samuel Pepys Club is a London club founded in 1903 to do honour to the memory of Samuel Pepys (1633\u20131703), the English naval administrator and Member of Parliament now best known as a diarist. On 26 May 1903, at the Garrick Club in London, a group of four men interested at various degrees in Samuel Pepys met together over dinner to celebrate the exact bicentenary of the death of the diarist. They were: They resolved to found a club to honour the memory of Pepys, \"to dine annually and to hold meetings at which they would hear readings from the \"Diary\", listen to music of his era, and give and listen to papers on various aspects of his life\". The response of admirers of Pepys was enthusiastic, and the first dinner was held on 1 December 1903 at Clothworkers' Hall, in memory of Pepys's Mastership (1677\u20138). They listened to music arranged by Sir Frederick Bridge, consisting of songs and of instrumental music on the flageolet, recorder, and trumpet marine. One of the quotations read from the \"Diary\" was thoroughly appropriate to this opening meeting of the Club: \"To Clothworkers' Hall to dinner. Our entertainment very good, a brave hall, good company, and very good music.\" (\"Diary\", 28 June 1660). The first president was Henry B. Wheatley, assisted by his brother Benjamin R. Wheatley acting as secretary, and by Sir D'Arcy Power as treasurer. In 1953, fifty years after its foundation, the Club established an executive committee charged with the general conduct of the affairs. It includes four officers, eight elected members, and four \"ex-officio\" members. Since 1985, the president of the Club has been John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich.", "The Club has no fixed club house nor building. Its meetings and dinners are held in diverse venues in and around London. Besides the annual dinner usually held in October in one of the many livery halls of London, St Olave Hart Street, in co-ordination with the Samuel Pepys Club, holds a Pepys Commemoration Service each year in May, as close as possible to the anniversary of his death on 26 May. An invited speaker gives an address on some aspect of Pepys's life. Recent subjects have included: \"Pepys's Musical World\", \"Pepys and Trinity House\", and \"Pepys and St Paul's School\". Several outings to Pepysian places of interest are also organised round the year. The Club initially aimed at bringing together those who had made significant academic contributions to Pepysian studies, and the initial membership was restricted to 50. Due to demand, this number was rapidly increased to 70, Pepys's age when he died. The first female member was elected in 1952. Membership was extended in 2003 to 140 UK members, plus 14 overseas members. Anyone with a genuine personal interest in Pepys and his times qualifies for election on proposal by an existing member, and upon approval by the executive committee. Membership is eclectic, ranging from bishops, historians, navy officers, and writers, to lawyers, surgeons, and academics. Honorary \"ex-officio\" members are: At the beginning of the 21st century, the Club founded the \"Samuel Pepys Award\", a biennal prize given for a book that \"makes the greatest contribution to the understanding of Samuel Pepys, his times or his contemporaries in the interest of encouraging scholarship in this area. \" It was first presented in 2003 to mark the centenary of the Club and the tercentenary of Pepys's death."], "answer": {"text": "he wrote, \"I have never lived so merrily (besides that I never got so much) as I have done this plague time\".", "answer_start": 799}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause?", "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the plague ever come to an end?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Claire Tomalin writes that \"the most notable fact about Pepys's plague year is that to him it was one of the happiest of his life.", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was it so happy?", "answer": {"text": "In 1665, he worked very hard, and the outcome was that he quadrupled his fortune.", "answer_start": 679, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_01e52333288f47fcb1e611c5385ffe29_1_q#10", "question": "What types of things did he get done?", "rewrite": "What types of things did Samuel Pepys get done?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Robert Latham (editor)  Robert Clifford Latham CBE, MA, FBA (11 March 1912 \u2013 4 January 1995) was Fellow and Pepys Librarian of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and joint editor of \"The Diary of Samuel Pepys\" (1970\u201383). Latham was born on 11 March 1912 in Audley, Staffordshire. He was educated at Wolstanton Grammar School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire (now Wolstanton High School) and Queens' College, Cambridge where he received a double First Class Honours Degree in history. In 1935 he was appointed an Assistant Lecturer at King's College London, and in 1939 a Lecturer. He was Reader in History (1947\u20131972) and Dean of Men (1965-1968) at Royal Holloway College, University of London, during the introduction of male undergraduates. In the academic year 1968\u201369 he was Professor of History at the University of Toronto. From 1970 to 1972 he was Research Fellow, from 1972 to 1984 Fellow, and from 1984 to 1994 Hon. Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, where, as Pepys Librarian from 1972 to 1982, he had charge of the remarkable collection of books, prints and manuscripts which Samuel Pepys had left to his old college. Beginning in 1950, he devoted the greater part of his life to the study and editing of Pepys' diary. His work, undertaken in collaboration with Professor Willam Matthews of UCLA, was eventually published as \"The Diary of Samuel Pepys: a new and complete transcription\" in nine volumes, along with two separate Index and Companion volumes, in 1970\u201383. Latham's second wife, Linnet, assisted him with the compilation of the Index and Companion volumes: the Index volume alone ran to some 900 pages. Latham described the edition as \"the first [...] in which the entire text was printed and a comprehensive commentary published\".", "Roger Pepys Roger Pepys (3 May 1617 \u2013 4 October 1688) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1678. He is chiefly remembered as Samuel Pepys's \"Cousin Roger\": he and his children appear regularly in Samuel's great Diary. Relations between the two men were always good. Pepys was born at Heydon, Norfolk, the son of Talbot Pepys of Impington, Cambridgeshire and his wife Beatrice Castell, daughter of John Castell of Raveningham, Norfolk. He was educated at The Perse School , Cambridge under the headmastership of Abel Lovering (later the much loved headmaster of Norwwich School) and was admitted at Christ's College, Cambridge on 17 April 1635. He was admitted at the Middle Temple on 4 November 1634 and was called to the bar in 1641. His cousin Samuel Pepys considered him to be too simple to be a useful lawyer, although his integrity was never in doubt. In the bitter and long drawn out inheritance dispute over the Brampton estate in Huntingdonshire, which Samuel inherited from his uncle Robert, Roger himself regretted that the ultimate settlement was far from favourable to Samuel, his client, although they agreed that it was better to settle the case then let it drag on. He became recorder of Cambridge in 1660 when his father gave up that position. In 1661, Pepys was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1678. He was active in various bills in his early years in the house, particularly the plague bill in 1665. Though not a republican, he was something of a Puritan, and his cousin Samuel in his Diary records his low opinion of the \"young bloods\" who dominated the Cavalier Parliament. He was also critical of the Anglican bishops, especially Gilbert Sheldon.", "The Club has no fixed club house nor building. Its meetings and dinners are held in diverse venues in and around London. Besides the annual dinner usually held in October in one of the many livery halls of London, St Olave Hart Street, in co-ordination with the Samuel Pepys Club, holds a Pepys Commemoration Service each year in May, as close as possible to the anniversary of his death on 26 May. An invited speaker gives an address on some aspect of Pepys's life. Recent subjects have included: \"Pepys's Musical World\", \"Pepys and Trinity House\", and \"Pepys and St Paul's School\". Several outings to Pepysian places of interest are also organised round the year. The Club initially aimed at bringing together those who had made significant academic contributions to Pepysian studies, and the initial membership was restricted to 50. Due to demand, this number was rapidly increased to 70, Pepys's age when he died. The first female member was elected in 1952. Membership was extended in 2003 to 140 UK members, plus 14 overseas members. Anyone with a genuine personal interest in Pepys and his times qualifies for election on proposal by an existing member, and upon approval by the executive committee. Membership is eclectic, ranging from bishops, historians, navy officers, and writers, to lawyers, surgeons, and academics. Honorary \"ex-officio\" members are: At the beginning of the 21st century, the Club founded the \"Samuel Pepys Award\", a biennal prize given for a book that \"makes the greatest contribution to the understanding of Samuel Pepys, his times or his contemporaries in the interest of encouraging scholarship in this area. \" It was first presented in 2003 to mark the centenary of the Club and the tercentenary of Pepys's death.", "William Hewer William Hewer (1642 \u2013 3 December 1715), sometimes known as Will Hewer, was one of Samuel Pepys' manservants, and later Pepys's clerk, before embarking on an administrative career of his own. Hewer is mentioned several times in Pepys' diary and was ultimately the executor of Pepys' will. Hewer was employed by Samuel Pepys as a manservant and office clerk for Pepys' work as the new Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board. By November 1663, Hewer was able to move out of Pepys' house and have his own lodgings. Hewer was initially introduced to Pepys by Hewer's uncle Robert Blackborne, whose sister was Hewer's mother, and who was a longtime Pepys friend with whom he worked at the Admiralty. It has been said that the biggest favor Blackborne did for Pepys was the introduction of his nephew Hewer to Pepys in 1660. Hewer is frequently mentioned in Pepys' diary as a trusted friend as well as an assistant. As their relationship developed, it became a professional partnership as well as a personal friendship. When Pepys moved to the Admiralty in 1673, Hewer moved to the Admiralty as well and became Chief Clerk the following year. In 1677, he was appointed as Judge Advocate-General. In 1685, he became MP for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight. He was appointed to the Special Commission which replaced the Navy Board in 1686 with responsibility for accounts. After the deposition of James II in 1689, Pepys and Hewer lost their patronage from the Crown; both were briefly imprisoned, but were released without trial. Hewer managed to become very rich.", "Samuel Pepys Club The Samuel Pepys Club is a London club founded in 1903 to do honour to the memory of Samuel Pepys (1633\u20131703), the English naval administrator and Member of Parliament now best known as a diarist. On 26 May 1903, at the Garrick Club in London, a group of four men interested at various degrees in Samuel Pepys met together over dinner to celebrate the exact bicentenary of the death of the diarist. They were: They resolved to found a club to honour the memory of Pepys, \"to dine annually and to hold meetings at which they would hear readings from the \"Diary\", listen to music of his era, and give and listen to papers on various aspects of his life\". The response of admirers of Pepys was enthusiastic, and the first dinner was held on 1 December 1903 at Clothworkers' Hall, in memory of Pepys's Mastership (1677\u20138). They listened to music arranged by Sir Frederick Bridge, consisting of songs and of instrumental music on the flageolet, recorder, and trumpet marine. One of the quotations read from the \"Diary\" was thoroughly appropriate to this opening meeting of the Club: \"To Clothworkers' Hall to dinner. Our entertainment very good, a brave hall, good company, and very good music.\" (\"Diary\", 28 June 1660). The first president was Henry B. Wheatley, assisted by his brother Benjamin R. Wheatley acting as secretary, and by Sir D'Arcy Power as treasurer. In 1953, fifty years after its foundation, the Club established an executive committee charged with the general conduct of the affairs. It includes four officers, eight elected members, and four \"ex-officio\" members. Since 1985, the president of the Club has been John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich."], "answer": {"text": "was Pepys who suggested that the Navy Office should evacuate to Greenwich, although he did offer to remain in town himself.", "answer_start": 1391}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the' Great Plague?", "answer": {"text": "Outbreaks of plague were not particularly unusual events in London; major epidemics had occurred in 1592, 1603, 1625 and 1636.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was included in this plague?", "answer": {"text": "Pepys was not among the group of people who were most at risk. He did not live in cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor,", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the poor?", "answer": {"text": "But, Lord! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become sick?", "answer": {"text": "was shocked by the sight of St Olave's churchyard, where 300 people had been buried.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Around what year was this happening?", "answer": {"text": "June 1665", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause?", "answer": {"text": "cramped housing, he did not routinely mix with the poor, and he was not required to keep his family in London in the event of a crisis.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the plague ever come to an end?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Claire Tomalin writes that \"the most notable fact about Pepys's plague year is that to him it was one of the happiest of his life.", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was it so happy?", "answer": {"text": "In 1665, he worked very hard, and the outcome was that he quadrupled his fortune.", "answer_start": 679, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How else did this effect him?", "answer": {"text": "he wrote, \"I have never lived so merrily (besides that I never got so much) as I have done this plague time\".", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#0", "question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "rewrite": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"...", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym."], "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#1", "question": "when was he born?", "rewrite": "when was Corbin Bleu born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"..."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#2", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "who were Corbin Bleu's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"..."], "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#3", "question": "did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "did Corbin Bleu have any siblings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"...", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act."], "answer": {"text": "three sisters: Jag, Phoenix, and Hunter.", "answer_start": 185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#4", "question": "did any of his siblings act?", "rewrite": "did any of Corbin Bleu's siblings act?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"...", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "three sisters: Jag, Phoenix, and Hunter.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#5", "question": "where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "where did Corbin Bleu go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"..."], "answer": {"text": "Bleu graduated from Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.", "answer_start": 1277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "three sisters: Jag, Phoenix, and Hunter.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did any of his siblings act?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#6", "question": "did he go to college?", "rewrite": "did Corbin Bleu go to college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"...", "Jump In! Jump In! is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie, which premiered on January 12, 2007. It was released on Disney Channel UK on April 27, 2007. The film, starring Corbin Bleu and Keke Palmer, revolves around a young boxer, Izzy Daniels (Corbin Bleu), who trains to follow in his father's footsteps by winning the Golden Glove. When his friend, Mary (Keke Palmer), asks him to substitute for a team member in a Double Dutch tournament, Izzy discovers his new love for jumping rope and in the meantime, he soon discovers true love in Mary. Filming took place from June\u2013July 2006 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Isadore \"Izzy\" Daniels (Corbin Bleu) is a star boxer in Brooklyn, hoping to win the Golden Gloves, like his father Kenneth (David Reivers), who's also his coach. Izzy competes in an exhibition match against Rodney, his classmate and the neighborhood bully, and wins using strategy and focus, giving him a chance to go to the Golden Gloves. Izzy's neighbor, Mary Thomas (Keke Palmer), is a competitive Double Dutch player on a team called the Joy Jumpers; though the two are always arguing around each other, their friends know that they have crushes on each other. Izzy brings his younger sister, Karin, and her friends to the Double Dutch regional competition, to watch Mary and her teammates, Shauna, Keisha, and Yolanda. Watching the competition, though Izzy tries to hide it, he actually is impressed by the competition, and shows an interest in Double Dutch. The Joy Jumpers take fourth place, barely qualifying for the city finals. Upset with Mary's freestyle choreography, Yolanda leaves the team and joins their main competitors, the Dutch Dragons.", "List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\"."], "answer": {"text": "He attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in New York as a theater major,", "answer_start": 1399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "three sisters: Jag, Phoenix, and Hunter.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did any of his siblings act?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Bleu graduated from Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4730471bab4d4874b42ed8416173016c_1_q#7", "question": "did he act in college?", "rewrite": "did Corbin Bleu act in college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of songs recorded by Corbin Bleu A complete list of songs by the American Pop/R&B singer, Corbin Bleu. All songs that appear on studio albums released by Corbin Bleu. All songs that are released as bonus tracks on a studio album released by Corbin Bleu. All songs in which Corbin Bleu have recorded for film on soundtrack releases.", "High School Musical: The Concert  High School Musical : The Concert was a concert tour performed by members of the cast of the popular television films series, \"High School Musical\", sponsored by AEG Live and presented by Buena Vista Concerts. The concert toured cities in the United States, Canada and Latin America. \" High School Musical: The Concert\" expanded the Disney Channel franchise that had previously produced a triple-platinum selling soundtrack and had planned a movie sequel. (Disney had already scored a success with another concert based on a TV musical, \"The Cheetah Girls\", which had a sold-out tour in 88 cities.) The films' original cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman took part in the tour, except for Zac Efron, who had a previous engagement filming \"Hairspray\" and was replaced by Drew Seeley, who was Efron's singing voice in the first film. The tour also served to promote the debut album of three members: \"V\" by Vanessa Hudgens, \"Headstrong\" by Ashley Tisdale and \"Another Side\" by Corbin Bleu. The concert, which featured songs from the film, also included cast members Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu and Monique Coleman. Zac Efron was the only original cast member absent from the tour due to his previous engagement to the filming of the 2007 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Hairspray\". Instead, Drew Seeley, Efron's singing voice in the first film and co-writer of \"Get'cha Head in the Game\", joined the tour in Efron's place. Jordan Pruitt joined the tour as the opening act.", "Another Side (Corbin Bleu album) Another Side is the debut album from \"High School Musical \" singer Corbin Bleu. It was released by Hollywood Records on May 1, 2007. His first single off the album, \"Push It to the Limit\", was recorded and appears on the soundtrack of \"Jump In!\". Bleu has stated that the album has a \"pop-R&B feel\". The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 18,000 copies in its first week. He supported his debut album by doing a solo summer tour with opening act Mitchel Musso, along with opening for Vanessa Hudgens' State & County Fair 2008 summer tour. He had covered two songs, \"She Could Be\" was originally sung by Christian Bautista and \"Still There for Me\" was originally sung by Nick Carter under the title \"There for Me\". As singles, \"Push It to the Limit\" reached #14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Deal with It\" reached #112 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles and #87 on the Pop Songs chart. The song \"Deal with It\" was originally written and sung by Jay Sean, who originally intended it to be the title single of his second album \"My Own Way\" (2008). He later gave it to Corbin Bleu, whose version of the song features background vocals by Jay Sean. The song earned Jay Sean a BMI Songwriter Award. Korean record label SM Entertainment purchased the rights for the song, which would later appear on boy band SHINee's \"Romeo\" EP, as \"Juliette\".", "Corbin Bleu himself, in describing the sound of the music he is making with the Disney Company, relates it to other very popular youth-oriented pop rap acts: It\u2019s kind of R&B mixed with pop. You can think very similar to Justin Timberlake style with an Usher or Chris Brown type of thing going on as well. The \"Los Angeles Times\", in naming Bleu one of the \"Faces to Watch\" in 2007, remarked upon: a new brand of teen-pop for Disney \u2014 a wholesome, natural, R&B-flavored reaction to the synthetic era of Britney and the Backstreet Boys. With his ebullient-urchin image driven by the tireless Disney promotional machine that's taken the Cheetah Girls, \"High School Musical\" and \"Hannah Montana\" to the top of the charts, Bleu is poised to be the face of youth-pop in 2007. Like Bleu's last Disney project \"High School Musical\" (which \"New York Daily News\" has called \"the biggest pop cultural phenomenon of 2006\"), \"Jump In!\" will be promoted with a concert tour. Comparing his new prominence with this previous situation, Corbin Bleu remarked:I don't have any solos in 'High School Musical.' The only time you actually hear my voice is on 'Stick to the Status Quo,' where you can hear me say the word 'What?' But at least I got a dance solo. \"Push It to the Limit\" (the song and video), along with the movie and album it vanguards, mark a major increase in Bleu's career and role in Disney's entertainment empire. The music video shows Bleu and four other young males dancing in a high school gym.", "Push It to the Limit (Corbin Bleu song) \"Push It to the Limit\" is a pop/R&B song performed by Corbin Bleu, a young American singer-actor closely associated with The Walt Disney Company and its projects. Made to cross-promote the Disney film \"Jump In!\" (released January 12, 2007), \"Push It to the Limit\" was released on the Disney Channel on Thanksgiving Day 2006, and on Radio Disney the following Saturday. According to a press release from Walt Disney Records, this single and the other songs on the album are: ... part of the new music genre dubbed \"pop-hop\" for its blend of pop and hip-hop music styles [...] \"Push It to the Limit,\" the lead track from the Jump In! album, also will be featured on Corbin Bleu's debut album \"Another Side\", available on Hollywood Records April 17, 2007. According to an analysis by the \"Knoxville News Sentinel\":  ...using a multi-media approach to corner the youth market [ ...] Disney keeps rolling with the soundtrack for \"Jump In!\" [...] The urban/pop album is a methodical appeal to the targeted market, but not so formulaic that it fails. In fact, there's enough of an edge to most of these tracks that parents and older siblings won't be put off\u2014at least not initially\u2014if they're exposed to the soundtrack. [...] Hip-hop meets electronic dance music while choruses brand the refrains with heavy repetition, and happily there's not much namby-pamby filler that inevitably seems to bog down music for this demographic. Bleu confidently punches his way through \"Push It to the Limit\"..."], "answer": {"text": "theater major,", "answer_start": 1501}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "where was Corbin Bleu born?", "answer": {"text": "Brooklyn, New York,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Martha (nee Callari) and David Reivers (born 1958), an actor.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "three sisters: Jag, Phoenix, and Hunter.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did any of his siblings act?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Bleu graduated from Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in New York as a theater major,", "answer_start": 1399, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#0", "question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "rewrite": "when did Jan Berry die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks."], "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#1", "question": "what did he die of?", "rewrite": "what did Jan Berry die of?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\"."], "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#2", "question": "where was he buried?", "rewrite": "where was Jan Berry buried after death in 2004?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks.", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident."], "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#3", "question": "why was he cremated?", "rewrite": "why was Jan Berry cremated after death in 2004?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks.", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#4", "question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "rewrite": "Did people have a wake or viewing for Jan Berry's cremation in 2004?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\"."], "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#5", "question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "rewrite": "who attended the celebration of life held in Jan Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Roxy by Proxy Roxy by Proxy is a live album by Frank Zappa, recorded in December 1973 at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California and released posthumously in March 2014 by The Zappa Family Trust on Zappa Records. In september 1974, parts of the three shows on December 8, 9 & 10, 1973 at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California were released on the double-LP set \"Roxy & Elsewhere\", along with music recorded a few months later (on May 8, 1974 at the Edinboro State College, Edinboro, Pennsylvania and on May 11, 1974 at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, Illinois), all of that material being overdubbed and remixed. \"Roxy by Proxy\" consists of unreleased material recorded live from the two shows held on December 9 & 10, 1973 at The Roxy Theatre, Hollywood, California. Thereby, \"Roxy by Proxy\" presents a material as the audiences in attendance heard it live, a material different from any of that used on the late 1974 release. All songs produced, composed and realized by Frank Zappa.", "The theatre has a full size concert stage with the original two levels of seating, a foyer and ticket box area and an integrated shop at the west side. Large red neon lettering for \"Roxy\" is mounted above the roof parapet in three directions, plus extensive neon lighting on the front facade. As at 18 May 2005, the theatre is in good condition, although some maintenance required. Heritage Council funding for conservation works to the Roxy Theatre were approved in 1992 for a total of $15,600. The Roxy and associated shop survives virtually intact. As at 20 November 2006, The Roxy Community Theatre is a rare surviving example of an Inter-war cinema in country NSW from the heyday era of movies, which demonstrates the importance of \"cinema going\" during the first half of the 20th century in NSW towns before the advent of television, embraced by Australian society during the 1920s and 1930s. Dating from 1929, the Roxy Theatre also demonstrates and records the early introduction of American Pop culture into country NSW by the early Hollywood movies shown for the first time in this cinema, by the building function, original theatrical design and its name, which were all modelled on the world's largest showcase movie palace of the time, the original Roxy Theatre in New York of 1927. This early introduction of American Pop culture in the form of Hollywood movies and picture theatres, as represented by the Leeton Roxy Theatre, provided a major new form of entertainment, communication and society to NSW communities, as well as having a significant influence on Australian tastes of the time in architecture, fashion and design generally, language, music and behaviour. Built in 1929-1933, the Roxy Theatre is a fine example of an Art Deco cinema with Spanish Mission and Art Nouveau elements, which has survived remarkably intact.", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "Jan and Dean's career together ended with Jan Berry's death on March 26, 2004, after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday. Berry was an organ donor, and his body was cremated. On April 18, 2004, a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians associated with Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys, including the original members of Papa Doo Run Run. In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence. Along with the CD, there was a limited edition (1500 copies), which included a 10-track LP. The album was released in Europe in April 2010 in its original US form. In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company on their From Kitty Hawk To Surf City album. The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews, a sequel to the 1959 film The Killer Shrews and also \"Tweet (Don't Talk Anymore)\", \"Drinkin' In the Sunshine\", and \"Star Of The Beach\". The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence. Torrence and his two daughters were featured in the music video of \"Shrewd Awakening\". Torrence now tours occasionally with the Surf City All-Stars.", "Live at the Roxy Theatre Live at the Roxy Theatre is a live album released by Brian Wilson in 2000. After a successful period of touring following the release of \"Imagination\", Wilson decided to record his first-ever live solo album. Accompanied by his supporting band, Wilson recorded the album during a pair of shows at the Roxy Theatre in West Hollywood. While the album includes performances of several of Wilson's old Beach Boys favorites, there are a few surprises amid the well-known classics. Wilson takes the opportunity to introduce two songs: \"The First Time\" and \"This Isn't Love\" (itself a collaboration with \"Pet Sounds\" lyricist Tony Asher). In addition, in a moment of humor, the flesh and blood Wilson sings a portion of Barenaked Ladies' song \"Brian Wilson\". Because of Wilson's continuing ease in front of audiences, and the confident performances throughout, \"Live at the Roxy Theatre\" received positive reviews upon release. \"Live at the Roxy Theatre\" was initially and exclusively distributed through Wilson's freshly inaugurated website in June 2000 on his own Brimel Records label for one year. An independent label, Oglio Records, subsequently redistributed \"Live at the Roxy Theatre\" to stores with the addition of three bonus tracks. There was also an additional Japanese release with six bonus tracks, all on disc 2 of the set. All songs by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, except where noted. The second disc of the UK release features several bonus tracks: \"Live at the Roxy Theatre\" (Brimel 1001/Oglio OGL 82012) never charted in the U.S. or the UK. It was also an exclusive internet release for 1 year on Brian Wilson's website, before being reissued in stores with exclusive bonus tracks."], "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#6", "question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "rewrite": "how did Dean react after the death of Jan Berry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys."], "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#7", "question": "did he release any songs that Jan had written or sung before death?", "rewrite": "did Dean release any songs that Jan Berry had written or sung before death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "Jill Gibson Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. Jill Gibson was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1942. She is half-English. Gibson attended University High School in Los Angeles. She is a former model. In 1975, she gave birth to a son, Mattia Borrani. Borrani has followed his mother's pursuit of a career in music and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie rock group Oslo. Jill Gibson was studying at University High School in Los Angeles, California when she met Jan Berry of Jan & Dean fame in 1959. The two were an item for the next seven years. Together they wrote over a dozen songs and through Berry, Gibson got more involved with the music scene. Eventually she began composing songs with other known songwriters such as Don Altfeld, George Tipton and Roger Christian, a Los Angeles-based disc jockey who also wrote with Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys. In 1962 Jan Berry decided to create a female answer to Jan & Dean called Judy & Jill, featuring Gibson with Dean Torrence's girlfriend Judy Lovejoy. Demo recordings such as \"Come On Baby\" (written by Gibson and Lovejoy), \"Eleventh Minute\" (written by Gibson and Altfeld), \"Just For Tonight\", and \"Baby What's It Gon na Be\" were cut and produced by Berry for Liberty Records. Gibson performed most of the leads on these unreleased demos. Nothing major happened with the Judy & Jill recordings, however, and Gibson switched to providing background vocals on several Jan & Dean album tracks."], "answer": {"text": "In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence.", "answer_start": 566}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#8", "question": "what else does he have in rememberance of his partner?", "rewrite": "Other than album Carnival of Sound, what else does Dean have in remembrance of Jan Berry ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "Jan and Dean's career together ended with Jan Berry's death on March 26, 2004, after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday. Berry was an organ donor, and his body was cremated. On April 18, 2004, a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians associated with Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys, including the original members of Papa Doo Run Run. In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence. Along with the CD, there was a limited edition (1500 copies), which included a 10-track LP. The album was released in Europe in April 2010 in its original US form. In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company on their From Kitty Hawk To Surf City album. The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews, a sequel to the 1959 film The Killer Shrews and also \"Tweet (Don't Talk Anymore)\", \"Drinkin' In the Sunshine\", and \"Star Of The Beach\". The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence. Torrence and his two daughters were featured in the music video of \"Shrewd Awakening\". Torrence now tours occasionally with the Surf City All-Stars.", "By the time Gibson sang vocals on Jan & Dean's last studio album, \"Jan & Dean Meet Batman\", in 1966, her personal relationship with Berry was ending; they had gone their separate ways by the album's March 1966 release but remained friends. Shortly after their breakup, Berry was involved in a serious motor-vehicle accident on April 12, 1966, which he survived. Gibson often visited in the hospital during his long, difficult recovery. Later Gibson dated Lou Adler, whom she had known since 1959 when he was the executive producer and manager of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. Adler had recently separated from his wife, actress and singer Shelley Fabares. \"Eleventh Minute\" was briefly released in 1997 as the B-side of a 45 rpm record on the Maltshop Records label. The licensed recording was soon withdrawn from sale (300 of the 500 red vinyl copies subsequently destroyed) due to questionable ownership of copyright and mechanical rights, as well as numerous label inaccuracies \u2013 most notably the performing artists are identified on the label of Maltshop 2 as \"Jody & Jill\". Furthermore, the A-side recording, \"Come On Baby\", was not the ballad demo offered to Liberty Records, but an up-tempo surf rocker by an unknown male singer and band. On April 18, 2004 Jill Gibson was one of 400 invited guests who gathered at The Roxy Theatre in Hollywood, California, to celebrate Jan Berry's life and music at a tribute called \"Jan Berry: A Celebration of Life\". Other guests included Judy Lovejoy (her former singing partner), Dean Torrence, Don Altfeld (her former songwriting partner), Ann Marshall, Ryan O'Neal, Nancy Sinatra, Lou Adler, Lloyd Thaxton, Diane Rovell and Ginger Blake of The Honeys."], "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he release any songs that Jan had written or sung before death?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence.", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#9", "question": "and were there other movies or songs released?", "rewrite": "Aside from film Deadman's Curve, were there other movies or songs released in the memory of Jan Berry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Deadman's Curve\" was used as the title for the 1978 biographical nationally televised movie about Jan and Dean, starring Richard Hatch and Bruce Davison respectively portraying Berry and Torrence. Three versions of \"Dead Man's Curve\" were released:  Live versions appear on the 1965 \"Command Performance\" and 1971 \"Anthology\" albums There are a few minor lyrical differences between versions #1 and 3 and version #2 listed above: There are two basic versions:  Version one: Lead and backing vocals: Jan Berry Background vocals: Jan Berry, Brian Wilson, Gary Usher. Released: on Drag City LP, Liberty LST 7339, Jan and Dean Jan. 6, 1964 Side one, cut five \u2013 3:01 Also on Filet of Soul LP, Liberty LST 7441, Jan and Dean, April 25, 1966, Side two, cut three \u2013 3:01 Version two: Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Artie Kornfeld, Brian Wilson Jan Berry: Lead and backing vocals. Dean Torrence : Backing vocals Released February 17, 1964 Liberty 55672 45 RPM (B-side: \"New Girl in School\") \u2013 2:28 (2:21 listing on actual disk\u2014Wiki says 2:27) Released May 4, 1964 \" Dead Man's Curve\"/\"The New Girl in School\" LP Liberty LST 7361, Jan and Dean Side one, cut one \u2013 2:28 Also re-released on several compilations (the 1984 Rhino LP \"Teenage Tragedies\" lists the song as a \"re-recorded version\"), anthologies, and 45 RPM records (some timed 2:39) The song was covered by The Carpenters as part of their oldies sequence on their album \" Now & Then\". The B-side \"", "Deadman's Curve  Deadman's Curve is a 1978 American made-for-television biographical film based on the musical careers of Jan Berry and Dean Torrence. The film was developed from a 1974 article published in \"Rolling Stone\" by Paul Morantz, who also helped write the screenplay. As Jan and Dean rise to the top of the music industry, a horrible car accident leaves Jan incapacitated and their dreams shattered. With the help of Dean and others, Jan slowly recovers, learning again to walk and talk. A comeback to the music industry is seen as a slim chance, but with Jan willing to try, and with Dean right by his side, the duo aim for another shot. Also features cameo appearances by Dick Clark and Beach Boys Mike Love and Bruce Johnston. Also, Jan Berry himself and his parents appear in the audience at the end of the movie. In May 1977 CBS announced they would make the film. \"Doing the film was a chance to let the world know there was a reason Jan was no longer making records,\" said Dean. \"He had gotten tired of hearing 'I thought you'd just retired from the business and faded into obscurity'.\" The film ends with Jan and Dean singing again triumphantly after the audience boos at them for lip synching. In reality, they attempted to perform in 1972 but were booed for lip synching. They did perform again in 1974. The film makes it seem like this happened on the same night. The \"Los Angeles Times\" called it \"shallow entertainment\". \" The New York Times\" said the film was made \"efficiently, if not imaginatively\" with an \"outstanding\" performance from Davison.", "Carnival of Sound  Carnival of Sound is the last studio album by the American rock duo Jan and Dean. Though recorded sporadically from 1966 to 1968, it was not released until 2010. Even though it is credited as a Jan and Dean record, it is actually more of a Jan Berry solo effort. Jan died in 2004. The album consists mostly of original material, with a few covers of songs by artists such as The Five Satins and The Coasters. The album is notable for having a more psychedelic sound than other Jan and Dean records. Sessions for a new Jan and Dean album began in March 1966, with a few tracks completed before Jan Berry's debilitating car accident the following month. Sessions continued sporadically until December 1968 as Berry slowly recovered. The project was also significantly over budget. The album was deemed complete in 1969 but was never released, while collectors circulated unofficial bootleg versions. The album's disappearance prevented a possible psychedelic comeback for Jan and Dean, and their working relationship as a duo soon ended. Rhino Handmade Records released the first official version of the album as a limited-edition mono vinyl record in November 2009, followed by a wider release on compact disc in February 2010. Included were tracks intended for the original album in 1968 plus 15 bonus tracks from the same sessions. Producer Andrew Sandoval contributed extensive liner notes. AllMusic compared the album to Brian Wilson 's \"Smile (The Beach Boys album)\", calling it \"just as tantalizing a 'lost' artifact of the psychedelic '60s\" and that Jan Berry had become \"far more self-consciously ambitious\" than on previous Jan and Dean records. While presented as a Jan and Dean album, Jan Berry (even though he wrote and produced the material) only played and sang in a few songs due to complications from his car accident.", "The New Girl in School \"The New Girl in School\" is a song written by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, Brian Wilson, and Bob Norberg for the American rock duet Jan & Dean. It was the B-side of their hit single \"Dead Man's Curve\". Both songs were released on their album \" Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School\". \" The New Girl From School\" charted at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was initially titled \"Gonna Hustle You\", but Liberty Records made Jan and Dean change the title and lyrics because Liberty Records thought general public would interpret the song as being too raunchy, insinuated by the word \"hustle\". Jan and Dean then renamed the song to \"Get A Chance With You\" and changed some of the lyrics, however, the record company still thought the meaning of the song was too suggestive. Jan & Dean retitled the song to \"The New Girl in School\" and brought in a fourth songwriter, Roger Christian to help rewrite the lyrics. The song was Jan & Dean's best charting B-side. After Jan Berry's near fatal crash near Dead Man's Curve in April 1966, Liberty put out the version \"Gonna Hustle You\" on Jan and Dean's album \"Filet of Soul: A \"Live\" One\". In 1973, Dean Torrance released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single, by overdubbing the original lyrics under his band, Legendary Masked Surfers. In 1976, Jan and Dean released \"Gonna Hustle You\" as a single. In 1996, the version \"Get A Chance With You\" got an official release on the album, \"All The Hits From Surf City To Drag City\".", "Jan and Dean's career together ended with Jan Berry's death on March 26, 2004, after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday. Berry was an organ donor, and his body was cremated. On April 18, 2004, a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians associated with Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys, including the original members of Papa Doo Run Run. In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence. Along with the CD, there was a limited edition (1500 copies), which included a 10-track LP. The album was released in Europe in April 2010 in its original US form. In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company on their From Kitty Hawk To Surf City album. The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews, a sequel to the 1959 film The Killer Shrews and also \"Tweet (Don't Talk Anymore)\", \"Drinkin' In the Sunshine\", and \"Star Of The Beach\". The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence. Torrence and his two daughters were featured in the music video of \"Shrewd Awakening\". Torrence now tours occasionally with the Surf City All-Stars."], "answer": {"text": "The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews,", "answer_start": 1057}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he release any songs that Jan had written or sung before death?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence.", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else does he have in rememberance of his partner?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#10", "question": "what was special about any of these movies or songs?", "rewrite": "what was special about songs \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\" and the movie \"Return of the Killer Shrews\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Killer Shrews The Killer Shrews is an independently made 1959 American black-and-white science fiction film, produced by Ken Curtis and Gordon McLendon, directed by Ray Kellogg, that stars James Best, Ingrid Goude and Ken Curtis. The film co-stars Gordon McLendon, Baruch Lumet and \"Judge\" Henry Dupree. \"The Killer Shrews\" was filmed outside of Dallas, Texas back-to-back with \"The Giant Gila Monster\". Now in the public domain, the film has had multiple DVD releases and was featured in the fourth season of \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\". Captain Thorne Sherman (James Best) and first mate Rook Griswold (\"Judge\" Henry Dupree) deliver supplies by boat to a group on a remote island. The group, consisting of scientist Marlowe Cragis (Baruch Lumet), his research assistant Radford Baines (Gordon McLendon), the scientist's daughter Ann (Ingrid Goude), her recent fianc\u00e9 Jerry Farrel (Ken Curtis), and a servant Mario (Alfred DeSoto) , welcome the captain and his first mate. They also subtly resist the visitors staying overnight, even though a hurricane is approaching. Thorne goes with them to their compound, while Griswold stays with the boat, saying that he will come ashore later. The situation in the compound is less than safe. During cocktails, Thorne becomes aware of a life-threatening situation to all of them: Marlowe Cragis has been performing well-meaning research on serums and uses shrews as test animals. The doctor's purpose is to shrink humans to half their size in order to reduce world hunger, because (he reasons) being smaller, humans will consume less food in a world with a limited food supply.", "Jan and Dean's career together ended with Jan Berry's death on March 26, 2004, after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday. Berry was an organ donor, and his body was cremated. On April 18, 2004, a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians associated with Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys, including the original members of Papa Doo Run Run. In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence. Along with the CD, there was a limited edition (1500 copies), which included a 10-track LP. The album was released in Europe in April 2010 in its original US form. In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company on their From Kitty Hawk To Surf City album. The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews, a sequel to the 1959 film The Killer Shrews and also \"Tweet (Don't Talk Anymore)\", \"Drinkin' In the Sunshine\", and \"Star Of The Beach\". The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence. Torrence and his two daughters were featured in the music video of \"Shrewd Awakening\". Torrence now tours occasionally with the Surf City All-Stars.", "While stationed in Germany, Best soon transferred from the military police to an army unit of actors, who traveled around Europe performing plays for troops. Those experiences formed the beginning of his acting career. Best began his contract career in 1949 at Universal Studios, where he met fellow actors Julie Adams, Piper Laurie, Tony Curtis, and Rock Hudson. Initially, he performed in several uncredited roles for Universal, such as in the 1950 film \"One Way Street\"; but credited performances soon followed that same year in the Westerns \"Comanche Territory\", \"Winchester '73\", and \"Kansas Raiders\". Work in that genre continued to be an important part of his ongoing film career, including roles in \"The Cimarron Kid\" (1952), \"Seven Angry Men\" (1955) in which he portrays one of the sons of abolitionist John Brown, \"Last of the Badmen\" (1957) , \"Cole Younger Gunfighter\" (1958), \"Ride Lonesome\" (1959), \"The Quick Gun\" (1964), and \"Firecreek\" (1968). Yet, Best's film roles are not limited to Westerns. He, for example, also stars in the 1959 science fiction cult movie \"The Killer Shrews\" and in its 2012 sequel \"Return of the Killer Shrews\". In the 1958 film adaptation of Norman Mailer's \"The Naked and the Dead\", in the James Stewart Civil War classic, \"Shenandoah\", his character, Carter, saves Boy Anderson, he plays Private Ridges, as well as the characters Dr. Ben Mizer in the 1966 comedy \"Three on a Couch\" and the cross-dressing Dewey Barksdale in the 1976 drama \"Ode to Billy Joe\". Best guest-starred more than 280 times in various television series.", "He attempts to flee but is cut off and killed by another group of shrews. Thorne, Ann, and Marlowe manage to reach the shoreline and swim out to the boat. Safely aboard and confident that the giant shrews will eventually die out from consuming one another, Thorne and Ann share a long kiss. Principal photography took place outside of Dallas, Texas. Special effects were provided by first-time director Kellogg, who served as the head of 20th Century Fox's special effects department throughout most of the 1950s. Close-ups of the shrews were filmed using hand puppets, and for the wider shots, coonhounds were costumed as the shrews. This low-budget feature was regarded as one of the most successful \"regional films\". Unlike other regional films, it received national and even foreign distribution. A new colorized version of \"The Killer Shrews\" was released on DVD by Legend Films as a double feature set with the creature feature \"The Giant Gila Monster\". The satirical TV show \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\" riffed on the film in an episode during its fourth season. \" MST3K\"s version of \"The Killer Shrews\" was released on DVD by Rhino Home Video as part of the show's Volume 7 boxed set. The gags were focused on the film's main flaws: the lack of conflict in its first hour (which was mostly focused on the \"living room\" of the island's compound, as the characters talked back and forth to each other), the silly appearance of the shrews (coonhounds dressed up in long hair wigs), and how most of the dialogue was difficult to understand due to the regional accents of the actors.", "At the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, \"The Killer Shrews\" holds an approval rating of 50%, based on , with a weighted average rating of 4.6 out of 10. Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, calling it \"an inventive but silly sci-fi tale\". Despite mixed reviews the film was a commercial success. Unlike many American creature features of the time, it was released internationally adding to its profits. A sequel, \"Return of the Killer Shrews\", was produced in 2012, again starring Best as Thorne Sherman. Bruce Davison took the role of Jerry. The film also stars John Schneider and Rick Hurst, Best's co-stars in \"The Dukes of Hazzard\". The length of time between the original film's release and the sequel's release (more than 54 years) is one of the longest time periods in film history between sequels. A film parody/remake, \"Attack of the Killer Shrews\", was released in 2016 by White Lion Studios. Directed by Ken Cosentino, it was filmed as a horror comedy with \"deliberately awful ... horrible shrew puppets\" and a completely different cast of characters."], "answer": {"text": "The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence.", "answer_start": 1304}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he release any songs that Jan had written or sung before death?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence.", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else does he have in rememberance of his partner?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and were there other movies or songs released?", "answer": {"text": "The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews,", "answer_start": 1057, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98bd1e5ceefa45728100ecbf988b640e_0_q#11", "question": "which album featured the daughters?", "rewrite": "which album featured Dean's daughters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cradock also played guitar on the album's hidden track, \"No One in the World\". Cradock recorded some guitar parts for Macdonald's single \"Run\". She reciprocated by supporting Cradock on his European acoustic tour with Weller. Steve and his wife Sally toured with Macdonald in Germany as her support act in 2009. Cradock contributed guitar to The Players' 2003 album \" Clear The Decks\". He also contributed rhythm guitar to the 2006 recording of the song \"Left, Right and Centre\" by the acid jazz act Lord Lorge, which featured Dean Parrish on lead vocals. The following year, Cradock recorded drums and backing vocals for the Andy Lewis and Paul Weller collaboration \" Are You Trying To Be Lonely\", which peaked at number 35 in the UK Singles Chart. Cradock also produced a number of songs for the Newcastle-based band Hungover Stuntmen. Cradock announced on the Ocean Colour Scene website that he had begun work on a solo album in early 2008, the recording of which took place at Black Barn Studios in Surrey. During a phone interview on BBC Radio Tees in April 2008, Cradock discussed his solo album and disclosed that he plays all the instruments on the album. Occasionally, Cradock performed his own songs during his tour with Weller during their acoustic gigs of 2007 and 2008. The album features Paul Weller and wife Sally Cradock. The album title was confirmed as \"The Kundalini Target\"; it reached No. 114 in the album charts, 34 in Play.com's charts and 30 in iTunes' charts.", "Dino, Desi & Billy  Dino, Desi & Billy were an American singing group that existed between 1964 and 1969. The group featured Dean \"Dino\" Martin (Dean Paul Martin, the son of traditional pop singer Dean Martin), Desi Arnaz, Jr. (Desiderio Arnaz IV, the son of television stars Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball), and their friend Billy Hinsche. A reconstituted version of the group performed between 1998 and 2010. Dino Martin, Desi Arnaz Jr. and Billy Hinsche first met in grammar school. Due to the family connections of Dino and Desi, the band's first audition was for Frank Sinatra, who founded and still had an interest in Reprise Records, the recording label for Dean Martin. On most of their records, they did not play their own instruments, but used top session players, producers and songwriters. Producers included Lee Hazlewood, Billy Strange and Jimmy Bowen. Songwriters whose compositions were recorded by the group included Lee Hazlewood, David Gates, Boyce and Hart, Clint Ballard, Jr. and Bonner & Gordon. Dino, Desi & Billy's best known songs were \"I'm a Fool\" (1965; U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 #17; later covered by Alvin and the Chipmunks for their 1965 album \"Chipmunks \u00e0 Go-Go\") and \"Not the Lovin' Kind\" (1965; U.S. #25). Both were hits for the group before any group member had reached the age of 15. Following this success, they toured as an opening act for the Beach Boys in 1965. The group also opened for Paul Revere & the Raiders, Tommy Roe, Sam the Sham, the Lovin' Spoonful and The Mamas & the Papas.", "The title track became the band's biggest hit, and at the time of the album release an unofficial anthem of HNK Hajduk Split (some of the Hajduk players sang backing vocals on the song). The album also featured the song \"Da mi je biti morski pas\", a cover of Split band Metak song. The album was produced by a former Metak bass guitarist Mirko Kristi\u010devi\u0107. The readers of the \"Rock\" magazine voted Osmi putnik the Rock Band of the Year. In 1988 the band released their third album \"Drage sestre moje... Nije isto bubanj i harmonika\" (\"My Dear Sisters... Drums and Accordion Are not the Same\") Osmi putnik disbanded. Stipi\u0161i\u0107 joined Divlje jagode. After a year spent in the band he left, and for a short time he was a vocalist for the German band V2. After he left V2 Stipi\u0161i\u0107 started a successful solo career under the name Gibonni. Koljanin moved to Australia, where he became a member of the Canberra-based band, Knights of the Spatchcock. In 2002 Antoli\u0107, Gradinski and Jovanovi\u0107, with the approval from the band's former leader Stipi\u0161i\u0107 who maintained a successful solo career, decided to reform Osmi putnik. The new lineup featured Dean Clea Brki\u0107 (a former Pandora member, vocals) and Kristijan Bari\u0161i\u0107 (guitar). The band released their fourth studio album \" \u017div i ponosan\" in 2005. In 2006 In PGP-RTS rereleased \"Glasno, glasnije\" and \"Drage sestre moje... Nije isto bubanj i harmonika\" on one disc.", "Ivor Dean Ivor Donald Dean (21 December 1917 \u2013 10 August 1974) was a British stage, film and television actor. With his lugubrious demeanour he was often cast as world-weary police officers or butlers, and indeed it is for the role of Chief Inspector Claud Eustace Teal in the 1960s series \"The Saint\", opposite Roger Moore, that he is best remembered. Dean played Teal for almost the entire run of the series, except three instances in early episodes where other actors were used. It was on the third occasion, in an episode called \"Starring The Saint\" which featured Dean in another role, that the producers saw the ideal actor for the part. Dean proved the ideal foil for Moore's Simon Templar, invariably one step behind and allegedly hoping for the day when he could pin something on the Saint. Dean's character however seemed to have a respect for his adversary nonetheless. Dean reprised the role in all but name in \"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\" (1968\u201369) in which he played Inspector Large, who had the same adversarial relationship with (the much less suave) Jeff Randall. Dean also appeared in one off roles in several other ITC series, including \"Jason King\" and \"The Persuaders!\" , he appeared as a butler in 3 episodes of the long-running LWT sitcom \"Doctor at Large\" and featured in three episodes of \"The Avengers\". In 1964 he played estate agent Alfred Wormold in the long-running soap opera \"Coronation Street\", selling No. 13 Coronation Street to Stan Ogden and his wife Hilda. Ivor Dean was also a memorable Long John Silver in a Franco-German television adaptation of \"Treasure Island\", entitled \"Die Schatzinsel\" / \"L' \u00eele au Tresor\" (1966).", "W\u00fctherich, after having several complicated surgeries on his hip and femur, went back to West Germany in 1957 with psychological and legal problems. He worked for Porsche's testing department and international rally and racing teams during the 1960s. He died in July 1981, in Kupferzell, West Germany, in another auto collision when he lost control of his car and crashed into a residence. Like Dean, W\u00fctherich had to be extricated from the wreck and died at the scene. He was 53 years old. While filming \"Giant\", Dean also filmed a short public service announcement with actor Gig Young for the National Safety Council. It featured Dean dressed as the young \"Jett Rink\" talking about how driving fast on the highway can be more dangerous than racing on the track. At the end of the segment, instead of saying the catchphrase \" The life you save may be your own\", Dean ad-libbed the line \" The life you might save might be \"mine\"\". Dean's funeral was held on October 8, 1955, at the Fairmount Friends Church in Fairmount, Indiana. The coffin remained closed to conceal the severe injuries to his upper torso and face. An estimated 600 mourners were in attendance, while another 2,400 fans gathered outside the church during the procession. Dean's body is buried at Park Cemetery in Fairmount, less than a mile from where he grew up on his aunt and uncle's farm. In 1977, a memorial to Dean was erected in Cholame, California. The stylized sculpture is composed of stainless steel around a tree of heaven growing in front of the former Cholame post office building. The sculpture was designed in Japan and transported to Cholame, accompanied by the project's benefactor, the aforementioned Seita Ohnishi of Kobe."], "answer": {"text": "From Kitty Hawk To Surf City album.", "answer_start": 1021}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Jan Berry die?", "answer": {"text": "March 26, 2004,", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he die of?", "answer": {"text": "after he suffered a seizure eight days before his 63rd birthday.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he buried?", "answer": {"text": "his body was cremated.", "answer_start": 174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was he cremated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have a wake or viewing for him?", "answer": {"text": "a \"Celebration of Life\" was held in Berry's memory at the Roxy Theatre on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who attended the celebration of life?", "answer": {"text": "Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, Jill Gibson, and Nancy Sinatra, along with many family members, friends, and musicians", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Dean react after the death?", "answer": {"text": "Dean's website, features--among other things--rare images, a complete Jan & Dean discography,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he release any songs that Jan had written or sung before death?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2010, the Jan & Dean album Carnival of Sound was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence.", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else does he have in rememberance of his partner?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film Deadman's Curve to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and were there other movies or songs released?", "answer": {"text": "The songs were \"Shrewd Awakening\" and \"Tonga Hut\", which was featured on the film Return of the Killer Shrews,", "answer_start": 1057, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about any of these movies or songs?", "answer": {"text": "The album also feature Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence.", "answer_start": 1304, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07aef4bb969c4a56a1ad9c66b4f41b69_0_q#0", "question": "what novels did Skywalker write?", "rewrite": "what novels did Skywalker write?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eddy Blondeel Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. (Dent.) Edouard \"Eddy\" Blondeel DSO (25 January 1906 \u2013 23 May 2000) was the wartime commander of the Belgian 5th SAS. After the war he was first C.O. of the 1st Regiment of Parachutists. He retired from the army in 1947 to work as an engineer with Wiggins Teape. Eddy Blondeel was born in Ghent on 25 January 1906. He initially studied at the Deutsche Schule in Gent but in 1914 with the outbreak of World War I his parents no longer wanted him to be educated at a German school so he left and went to a Belgian state school which was bilingual (French/Dutch). In his youth he had excelled at basketball, fencing and rowing and at the age of 13 he had taken up scouting, which he claimed helped develop his character. Before the Second World War he was appointed Commissioner of Scouts in the Flanders area of Belgium. Later he was to study Engineering at Ghent University and from these differing environments his linguistic abilities were developed. He fulfilled his National Service in an Artillery Regiment, where he was promoted from private to sergeant in under a year. After his time as a conscript he set up practice as an engineer, but felt he wanted to be more involved in serving people. In 1934 he decided to study medicine and specialize in dentistry. Hard work gained him a diploma with distinctions at the University of Brussels, and he won a scholarship that enabled him to continue his medical studies at Northwestern University near Chicago. He subsequently earned a doctorate in Dentistry. In 1940 he received orders to report to Joliette in Quebec, Canada, the rallying centre for Belgians living in North America. There he inspired his compatriots with tremendous enthusiasm and fighting spirit as they underwent training with the Canadian Army.", "Skywalker Sound Skywalker Sound is the sound effects, sound editing, sound design, sound mixing and music recording division of Lucasfilm. Its main facilities are located at George Lucas's Skywalker Ranch in Lucas Valley, near Nicasio, California. Skywalker Sound was founded as Sprocket Systems in San Anselmo, California. While located in San Anselmo, Sprocket Systems came into contact with the local residents from time to time. For instance, Kentfield resident Pat Welsh was \"discovered\" while shopping at a camera store and went on to provide the voice for E.T.. During the sound recording of \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", Harrison Ford could be spotted practicing his bullwhip technique in the parking lot. Sprocket Systems moved from San Anselmo following a disastrous flood in January 1982 and changed its name to Skywalker Sound in 1987 after the company moved to Skywalker Ranch. Skywalker Sound's staff of sound designers and re-recording mixers have either won or been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound and Best Sound Editing every year since \"Star Wars\" in 1977 (in that year Ben Burtt was given a Special Achievement Award, since the category for Sound Editing had not yet been established). Mixing stages, editorial services, and scoring stages are all located in a central 'Tech Building', with dining areas and living quarters in the vicinity but separate from the main work area. Skywalker Sound has won 15 Academy Awards and received 62 nominations. Any film with an asterisk means that though Skywalker Sound did not provide the sound, a creative worked on it.", "Although the Jedi eventually discovered Palpatine\u2019s identity as a Sith and attempted to arrest him, this action was anticipated by Palpatine, who successfully framed their actions as an attempted coup, providing in turn a pretext for annihilating the Jedi by activating \u201cOrder 66,\u201d one of the clone soldiers\u2019 embedded protocols. In the course of effecting his designs, Palpatine also manipulated the Jedi\u2019s most powerful initiate, Anakin Skywalker, into his service, by promising to teach Skywalker dark side techniques that could save the life of Padme Amidala, a Galactic Senator to whom Skywalker was secretly married in violation of Jedi rules, and whose death in childbirth Skywalker had preternaturally foreseen. In a tragic irony, Amidala\u2019s sheer horror at discovering Skywalker\u2019s collaboration with Sidious in destroying the Jedi would itself be the cause of her death during childbirth, though Sidious would trick Skywalker into believing that an episode of Skywalker\u2019s physical abuse of Amidala had been the actual cause of her death. Skywalker\u2019s subsequent emotional collapse would lead him to fully embrace the dark side of the Force and assume the persona of Darth Vader, Lord of the Sith. With Darth Vader at his side, the Emperor would rule the newly styled Galactic Empire for approximately 20 years as its Emperor. Initially unknown to Vader and Sidious, two children were successfully delivered by Padme before her death. The \"Rebels\" episode \"Twilight of the Apprentice\" features a forbidden planet called Malachor, home of an ancient Sith temple. The temple contains a superweapon, and can only be activated by placing a special Sith Holocron in an obelisk at the summit of the pyramid inside the temple.", "Skywalker (horse)  Skywalker (March 4, 1982 \u2013 February 25, 2003) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for winning the 1986 Breeders' Cup Classic. Bred in Kentucky by Thomas P. Tatham's Oak Cliff Thoroughbreds Ltd., who also bred Sunday Silence, Skywalker was foaled on March 4, 1982 and raised at Arthur B. Hancock III's Stone Farm. Sired by Relaunch and out of the mare Bold Captive, he was named by Tatham's son for Luke Skywalker, a lead character in the \"Star Wars\" motion pictures. Skywalker was trained by Michael Whittingham and raced under the Oak Cliff Stable partnership led by Thomas Tatham. Skywalker began racing in California in 1984 at age two, where he won one of his two starts and was off the board in the other. In his three-year-old campaign, he made five starts, winning twice. His most notable victory came under future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey Laffit Pincay, Jr. when they won the most important West Coast race for three-year-olds, the Santa Anita Derby. He was then sent to Churchill Downs for the Kentucky Derby, where jockey Eddie Delahoussaye rode him to a sixth-place finish behind winner Spend A Buck. In 1986, the four-year-old Skywalker had his best year in racing when he won the Longacres Mile, Mervyn Leroy Handicap, San Diego Handicap, and Breeders' Cup Classic run at California's Santa Anita Park. Ridden by Laffit Pincay, Jr., he defeated the heavy favorites Turkoman and Precisionist, who finished second and third respectively, as well as the European star Triptych, who finished sixth.", "In \"Fate of the Jedi: Outcast\", he voluntarily accompanies his father into exile. He proves himself as both a fighter and as an investigator to carry on his father's name. His love interest is Vestara Khai, formerly a Sith apprentice, then a Jedi apprentice. The character was voted the 40th top \"Star Wars\" character by IGN and the top 6th \"Star Wars\" Expanded Universe character by UGO Networks. In the canon Han Solo and Leia's only son is named Ben Solo. The only son of Ben Skywalker, father of Nat and Kol and a Jedi Master. Nat is a former/returned Jedi master, the older grandson of Ben Skywalker, the older son of Lon Skywalker and the older brother of Kol. He also took the name \"Bantha\" Rawk. Kol Skywalker is a character in \"\". He is a descendant/great-grandson of Luke Skywalker, younger grandson of Ben Skywalker, younger son of Lon Skywalker and is a Jedi master. He is the father of Cade Skywalker. The descendant of Anakin Skywalker, Luke Skywalker, Mara Jade Skywalker, Ben Skywalker and Lon Skywalker, and son of Kol Skywalker. He is a protagonist of the \"\" comic series. According to the comic book series from Dark Horse called \"\", which takes place 125 years after \"Return of the Jedi\", Cade Skywalker, son of Kol Skywalker and a direct descendant of Luke Skywalker, is the last surviving Skywalker of his time. It is shown that he has completely abandoned the Jedi way after an attack by the New Sith Order on the Jedi Academy on Ossus. Nevertheless, he still encounters other Jedi, as well as the ghost of Luke Skywalker."], "answer": {"text": "In the novel The Truce at Bakura, set one day after the battle of Endor, Luke and his friend Wedge Antilles recover a message droid from the titular planet,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_07aef4bb969c4a56a1ad9c66b4f41b69_0_q#1", "question": "what happens next?", "rewrite": "what happens next?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["What Happens Next What Happens Next may refer to:", "In support of the release, the band toured with The Silver Jews which led to the collaboration on the song \"Classic Tapes\" in which Jews' bassist Cassie Berman sings with Hills singer Ryan Walsh. After their third drummer Peter Negroponte quit on-stage during a live concert, the band began working with longtime Son Volt drummer Dave Bryson on new songs. During this time, Misra Records changed ownership, and the band's contract was not renewed. Hallelujah The Hills' third full-length album \" No One Knows What Happens Next\" was funded by a successful Kickstarter project and was declared \"a daring move\" by Prefix Magazine for its stripped down arrangements and lack of distortion. It was called a \"gorgeous start-to-finish listen\" by Dig Boston. Shortly after recording sessions for \"No One Knows What Happens Next\" ended, Walsh wrote a large feature for The Boston Phoenix in which he admitted to being the ringleader behind the 2008 file-sharing hoax, \" The Overdub Tampering Committee\" Later that year, he created a crowd-sourced collage song involving hundreds of contributors and directed a video for Marissa Nadler's song \"The Wrecking Ball Company.\" \" The band also performed at the site of the Boston Occupy movement around this time, later learning they were surveilled by BRIC (Boston Regional Intelligence Center) for the performance. In May 2013, the band released a collection of b-sides, non-album tracks, and rarities entitled \"Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Trashcan\". In a Boston Herald profile published around that same time, the band was singled out for their recent turn of writing about writing, posing the question \"It takes genius to write a great song about writing a song. So how is it Hallelujah The Hills has done it twice in two years?\"", "A former specialty show, \"Shut Up , I'm on the Radio\", was awarded \"Best Local Music Radio Show\" in 2006 by the Baltimore City Paper. The station also frequently broadcasts live coverage of Loyola Greyhounds NCAA Division I sporting events. The station was a finalist for Best Radio Promotion at the National Student Production Awards in 2009. The station won the Fr. Timothy Brown, S.J. Club of the Year award for 2009-2010 as a result of campus and community efforts including raising over $22,000 for earthquake relief in Haiti. The station was selected to the Top 25 College Radio Stations in the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards, one of only 3 stations selected without a broadcast license. WLOY was selected in 2012 to the Top 10 College Radio Stations at the mtvU Woodie Awards. WLOY incorporates local artists throughout the program format, including weekly free performances on campus and regular in studio interviews. In 2014 WLOY programmed a music stage for both days of HonFest with 14 local artists. 2006: Best of Baltimore Baltimore City Paper - Best Local Music Radio Show - Shut Up I'm on the Radio  2009: National Finalist - National Student Production Awards - Best Station Promotion  2011 : Top 25 College Radio Station, at the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards  2011: Winner - National Student Production Awards - Best Community Involvement: What Happens Next? program  2011 : Winner - National Student Production Awards - Best Podcast: Both Feet In program  2011: Winner - Associated Collegiate Press Best of Show - Best Podcast: What Happens Next? 2012 : Top 10 College Radio Station, at the 2012 mtvU Woodie Awards  2013: Finalists - National Student Production Awards - Best Podcast, Best Regularly Scheduled Program (2 Finalist awards)  2013: Winner - National Student Production Awards - Best Feature \u2013 What Happens Next? program  2013", "What Happens Next (Gang of Four album) What Happens Next is the eighth studio album by English post-punk band Gang of Four. It was released on 24 February 2015 through Metropolis Records and Membran record label. It is the band's first album to feature John \"Gaoler\" Sterry on vocals, following vocalist Jon King's departure, which left the guitarist Andy Gill as the sole original member of the band. The album features contributions from Alison Mosshart of the Kills and Dead Weather, German musician Herbert Gr\u00f6nemeyer, The Big Pink member Robbie Furze and Japanese guitarist Tomoyasu Hotei. Following the release of Gang of Four's seventh studio album, \"Content\" (2011) and accompanying touring, vocalist Jon King left the group because \"he didn't want to tour anymore.\" Gill stated that he saw this as an opportunity to do some collaborations and decided to release the new material under the \"Gang of Four\" name. John \"Gaoler\" Sterry eventually joined the band as a vocalist and Gill contacted Alison Mosshart and Herbert Gr\u00f6nemeyer for collaborations. The album also features performances from both the band's previous drummer Mark Heaney and the current drummer Jon Finnigan. The track \"Broken Talk\" was first streamed in 2013. In November 2014, it was revealed that the band recorded a new version of \"Broken Talk\" for the album, featuring Mosshart on lead vocals. The music video for the track \"England's In My Bones\", featuring Mosshart was released on 5 February 2015. The album's style is a departure from Gang of Four's previous sound.", "It is also licensed in French by Asuka, in Polish by Taiga and in Italian by JPOP Edizioni. The live-action drama, titled , was broadcast in 12 episodes on TV Tokyo starting on 11 July 2008, and running until 26 September. It starred Aoi Nakabeppu as Michiko Torayasu and Jun Toba as Kou Mihara. The opening theme was \"Seiippai, Bokura no Uta\" by ghostnote and the ending theme was \"Ima Fuku Kaze\" by Hi Lockation Markets. Some of the actors appeared in the theatrical movie \"Flying\u2606Rabbits\" playing the same characters as in the drama. Reviewers have called \"Walkin' Butterfly\" an entertaining but not original series. Anime News Network compared the story to a \"josei\" manga version of a \"sh\u014dnen\" tournament series aimed at boys, saying \"nothing here about the plot or the characters is particularly believable or novel. Instead, it is comfortably formulaic; the pleasure of \"Walkin' Butterfly\" lies not so much in the discovery of what happens next but rather in \"how\" what happens next happens.\" Mania.com described the series as \"not particularly realistic,\" but called it \"an interesting balance of comedy and poignancy. \" The character of Michiko was cited by more than one reviewer as a key appeal of the series. Tamaki's art received mixed reviews, with several reviewers praising it, comparing the style to Moyoco Anno's and Yayoi Ogawa's, and others criticizing it as \"standard\" and sketchy. Reviewers criticized later volumes for allowing Michiko's mood swings to get tiresome, and for switching to a more \"standard\" storyline. The English edition was criticized as sometimes using awkward language and typography."], "answer": {"text": "Luke commands a task force, turning back the enemy army.", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what novels did Skywalker write?", "answer": {"text": "In the novel The Truce at Bakura, set one day after the battle of Endor, Luke and his friend Wedge Antilles recover a message droid from the titular planet,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07aef4bb969c4a56a1ad9c66b4f41b69_0_q#2", "question": "was he successful?", "rewrite": "was Skywalker successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skywalker family The Skywalker family is a fictional family in the \"Star Wars\" franchise. Within the series' fictional universe, the Skywalkers are presented as a bloodline with strong inherent capabilities related to the Force. Luke Skywalker, his twin sister Princess Leia, and their father Darth Vader are central characters in the original \"Star Wars\" film trilogy. Darth Vader, in his previous identity as Anakin Skywalker, is a lead character in the prequel film trilogy. Leia and Han Solo's son, and also Luke's nephew , Kylo Ren plays a crucial role in the sequel trilogy of films. In \"\", it is revealed that Han Solo's birth name is not Han Solo. It is revealed that growing up as an orphan in planet Corellia, young Han never knew his true last-name, and that all he remembers is that his father worked in a space-ship factory in Corellia. The last-name Solo is chosen by an impatient Imperial Officer, who wanted to quickly fill a young Han's paper work to join the Imperial Flight Academy, and help him avoid jail. Since the true last-name of Han's father is unknown, Han would be the first Solo, and since his only child was with Leia (a Skywalker), all members of the Solo family are part of the Skywalker family. In terms of the series' internal chronology, the Skywalkers first appeared in the 1999 film \"\". In this film, Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn discovers Shmi Skywalker and her son Anakin as slaves on the planet Tatooine. Qui-Gon finds that Anakin has a higher count of midi-chlorians (Force-imparting microorganisms) than any Jedi, even Yoda, counting to about 20,000.", "Skywalker (horse)  Skywalker (March 4, 1982 \u2013 February 25, 2003) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for winning the 1986 Breeders' Cup Classic. Bred in Kentucky by Thomas P. Tatham's Oak Cliff Thoroughbreds Ltd., who also bred Sunday Silence, Skywalker was foaled on March 4, 1982 and raised at Arthur B. Hancock III's Stone Farm. Sired by Relaunch and out of the mare Bold Captive, he was named by Tatham's son for Luke Skywalker, a lead character in the \"Star Wars\" motion pictures. Skywalker was trained by Michael Whittingham and raced under the Oak Cliff Stable partnership led by Thomas Tatham. Skywalker began racing in California in 1984 at age two, where he won one of his two starts and was off the board in the other. In his three-year-old campaign, he made five starts, winning twice. His most notable victory came under future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey Laffit Pincay, Jr. when they won the most important West Coast race for three-year-olds, the Santa Anita Derby. He was then sent to Churchill Downs for the Kentucky Derby, where jockey Eddie Delahoussaye rode him to a sixth-place finish behind winner Spend A Buck. In 1986, the four-year-old Skywalker had his best year in racing when he won the Longacres Mile, Mervyn Leroy Handicap, San Diego Handicap, and Breeders' Cup Classic run at California's Santa Anita Park. Ridden by Laffit Pincay, Jr., he defeated the heavy favorites Turkoman and Precisionist, who finished second and third respectively, as well as the European star Triptych, who finished sixth.", "Skywalker Sound Skywalker Sound is the sound effects, sound editing, sound design, sound mixing and music recording division of Lucasfilm. Its main facilities are located at George Lucas's Skywalker Ranch in Lucas Valley, near Nicasio, California. Skywalker Sound was founded as Sprocket Systems in San Anselmo, California. While located in San Anselmo, Sprocket Systems came into contact with the local residents from time to time. For instance, Kentfield resident Pat Welsh was \"discovered\" while shopping at a camera store and went on to provide the voice for E.T.. During the sound recording of \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", Harrison Ford could be spotted practicing his bullwhip technique in the parking lot. Sprocket Systems moved from San Anselmo following a disastrous flood in January 1982 and changed its name to Skywalker Sound in 1987 after the company moved to Skywalker Ranch. Skywalker Sound's staff of sound designers and re-recording mixers have either won or been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound and Best Sound Editing every year since \"Star Wars\" in 1977 (in that year Ben Burtt was given a Special Achievement Award, since the category for Sound Editing had not yet been established). Mixing stages, editorial services, and scoring stages are all located in a central 'Tech Building', with dining areas and living quarters in the vicinity but separate from the main work area. Skywalker Sound has won 15 Academy Awards and received 62 nominations. Any film with an asterisk means that though Skywalker Sound did not provide the sound, a creative worked on it.", "Although the Jedi eventually discovered Palpatine\u2019s identity as a Sith and attempted to arrest him, this action was anticipated by Palpatine, who successfully framed their actions as an attempted coup, providing in turn a pretext for annihilating the Jedi by activating \u201cOrder 66,\u201d one of the clone soldiers\u2019 embedded protocols. In the course of effecting his designs, Palpatine also manipulated the Jedi\u2019s most powerful initiate, Anakin Skywalker, into his service, by promising to teach Skywalker dark side techniques that could save the life of Padme Amidala, a Galactic Senator to whom Skywalker was secretly married in violation of Jedi rules, and whose death in childbirth Skywalker had preternaturally foreseen. In a tragic irony, Amidala\u2019s sheer horror at discovering Skywalker\u2019s collaboration with Sidious in destroying the Jedi would itself be the cause of her death during childbirth, though Sidious would trick Skywalker into believing that an episode of Skywalker\u2019s physical abuse of Amidala had been the actual cause of her death. Skywalker\u2019s subsequent emotional collapse would lead him to fully embrace the dark side of the Force and assume the persona of Darth Vader, Lord of the Sith. With Darth Vader at his side, the Emperor would rule the newly styled Galactic Empire for approximately 20 years as its Emperor. Initially unknown to Vader and Sidious, two children were successfully delivered by Padme before her death. The \"Rebels\" episode \"Twilight of the Apprentice\" features a forbidden planet called Malachor, home of an ancient Sith temple. The temple contains a superweapon, and can only be activated by placing a special Sith Holocron in an obelisk at the summit of the pyramid inside the temple.", "In \"Fate of the Jedi: Outcast\", he voluntarily accompanies his father into exile. He proves himself as both a fighter and as an investigator to carry on his father's name. His love interest is Vestara Khai, formerly a Sith apprentice, then a Jedi apprentice. The character was voted the 40th top \"Star Wars\" character by IGN and the top 6th \"Star Wars\" Expanded Universe character by UGO Networks. In the canon Han Solo and Leia's only son is named Ben Solo. The only son of Ben Skywalker, father of Nat and Kol and a Jedi Master. Nat is a former/returned Jedi master, the older grandson of Ben Skywalker, the older son of Lon Skywalker and the older brother of Kol. He also took the name \"Bantha\" Rawk. Kol Skywalker is a character in \"\". He is a descendant/great-grandson of Luke Skywalker, younger grandson of Ben Skywalker, younger son of Lon Skywalker and is a Jedi master. He is the father of Cade Skywalker. The descendant of Anakin Skywalker, Luke Skywalker, Mara Jade Skywalker, Ben Skywalker and Lon Skywalker, and son of Kol Skywalker. He is a protagonist of the \"\" comic series. According to the comic book series from Dark Horse called \"\", which takes place 125 years after \"Return of the Jedi\", Cade Skywalker, son of Kol Skywalker and a direct descendant of Luke Skywalker, is the last surviving Skywalker of his time. It is shown that he has completely abandoned the Jedi way after an attack by the New Sith Order on the Jedi Academy on Ossus. Nevertheless, he still encounters other Jedi, as well as the ghost of Luke Skywalker."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what novels did Skywalker write?", "answer": {"text": "In the novel The Truce at Bakura, set one day after the battle of Endor, Luke and his friend Wedge Antilles recover a message droid from the titular planet,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happens next?", "answer": {"text": "Luke commands a task force, turning back the enemy army.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07aef4bb969c4a56a1ad9c66b4f41b69_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from recovering a message droid from the titular planet are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The same panel of the comic features a robot design by Moebius, which may have been the basis of the probe droid (or \"probot\") design that concept designers Johnston and Ralph McQuarrie created for the film. \"Star Wars: The Clone Wars\" has featured WAC-47, a \"pit droid\" programmed as a pilot and sent on a mission with the all-droid special unit D-Squad, and AZI-3, a medical droid serving the cloners of Kamino who helps uncover the secret of Order 66. The 2015 young adult novel \"\" by Cecil Castellucci and Jason Fry introduces the droid PZ-4CO, to whom Leia Organa dictates her memoirs. PZ-4CO also appears in \"The Force Awakens\" (2015). In the 2016 film \"Rogue One\", K-2SO is an Imperial enforcer droid reprogrammed by the Rebel Alliance. Droids are performed using a variety of methods, including robotics, actors inside costumes (in one case, on stilts), and computer animation. Lucasfilm registered \"droid\" as a trademark in 1977. The term \"Droid\" has been used by Verizon Wireless under licence from Lucasfilm, for their line of smartphones based on the Android operating system. Motorola's late-2009 Google Android-based cell phone is called the Droid. This line of phone has been expanded to include other Android-based phones released under Verizon, including the HTC Droid Eris, the HTC Droid Incredible, Motorola Droid X, Motorola Droid 2, and Motorola Droid Pro. The term was also used for the Lucasfilm projects EditDroid, a non-linear editing system, and SoundDroid, an early digital audio workstation.", "Taking over a droid is done via a mini-game involving basic circuit diagrams and logic gates. Each droid has one side of the screen, with a series of logic gates and circuits connected together. The droids have a number of \"power supplies\" that can apply power to one circuit. Higher-numbered droids have more power supplies. At the end of a short time period, the droid supplying the most power to the circuit \"wins\". The logic gates are the key to allowing lower-numbered droids to beat higher-numbered droids. There is also a strategy in timing when power is applied to a circuit (as two supplies of power to the same circuit result in the later supplier of power gaining control of the circuit). It is possible for the transfer game to end in a draw. If this occurs a replay will take place. In either case, the droid being controlled by the player is destroyed. If the player beats the droid in this mini-game, he takes control of that droid. If not, either the droid is destroyed and the player returned to the game as just the Influence Device (if he was previously controlling a different droid), or the player is killed, ending the game, if he was not already controlling another droid before the takeover attempt. While in control of another droid, the player effectively acts as that droid, meaning the player has access to that droid's maneuverability, armor, weapons and \"power supplies\" (used during the droid-control mini-game). If the droid has weapons, the player can destroy other droids by shooting them instead of taking them over, though higher-numbered droids can require several shots to destroy and might fire back.", "Droid fonts Droid is a font family first released in 2007 and created by Ascender Corporation for use by the Open Handset Alliance platform Android and licensed under the Apache License. The fonts are intended for use on the small screens of mobile handsets and were designed by Steve Matteson of Ascender Corporation. The name was derived from the Open Handset Alliance platform named Android. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Unlike other sans fonts, the capital letter I retains its serifs. The Droid font family consists of Droid Sans, Droid Sans Mono and Droid Serif: Each typeface has an extensive character set including coverage of Western European, Eastern/Central European, Baltic, Cyrillic, Greek and Turkish languages. On 12 February 2009, Ascender Corporation announced the retail version of the Droid fonts under the Droid Pro family. The fonts were sold in OpenType and TrueType font format. The planned Droid Pro family consists of Droid Sans Pro (Regular, Bold), Droid Sans Pro Condensed (Regular, Bold), Droid Sans Pro Mono (Regular, Bold), Droid Serif Pro (Regular, Italic, Bold, Bold Italic), Droid Sans Fallback. Initial releases include Droid Sans Pro, Droid Serif Pro. OpenType features include Old Style Figures. Droid Sans Pro Mono went on sale beginning in 2009-07-31. Handset Condensed (2010): Handset Condensed is a condensed version of Droid Sans Pro designed by Ascender Corp's Steve Matteson released on 1 March 2013 to be compatible with the Droid family of fonts, but without OpenType features. Similar to Droid Sans Pro, the family includes 2 fonts in Bold and Regular weights without italics. It supports the WGL character set.", "In the novel The Truce at Bakura, set one day after the battle of Endor, Luke and his friend Wedge Antilles recover a message droid from the titular planet, which was being invaded by the Ssi-Ruuk. Luke commands a task force, turning back the enemy army. He also meets Dev Sibwarra, a Force-sensitive human who had been captured by the Ssi-Ruuk, who is killed in the battle after turning against his captors. In the novel The Courtship of Princess Leia, set four years after the Battle of Endor, Luke travels to the planet Dathomir. There, he discovers a group of Force-sensitive witches called the Witches of Dathomir, banded into two separate groups: a collective of benign, matriarchal clans; the one he is in contact with being the Singing Mountain Clan, and the witches who have turned to the dark side, called the Nightsisters. Discovering a prophecy in which it was told a Jedi would change the way of life on the land, Luke eventually realizes truly what the Force is for the first time in his life. While there, he destroys most of the Nightsisters (including their powerful leader, Gethzirion, and the galaxy's most powerful remaining warlord, Warlord Zsinj). Thanks to the help of the prophecy and witches, Luke recovers old Jedi records left by Yoda about 400 years prior. He decides to start a new Jedi Academy, something he has been trying to do for six months before the start of the novel by finding old Jedi records and archives. In The Thrawn Trilogy, Luke meets former Emperor's Hand Mara Jade, who is bound by Palpatine's disembodied voice that repeatedly commands \"You will kill Luke Skywalker\".", "Droid 2 The Motorola Droid 2 (GSM/UMTS version: Motorola Milestone 2; GSM/UMTS/CDMA version: Motorola Droid 2 Global) is the fifth phone in Verizon's Droid line. In the U.S., it is available exclusively on Verizon Wireless, and was released August 12, 2010 (pre-order sales of the device began August 11). It runs the Android operating system by Google, and can run Flash Player 10.1. It comes with 8 GB of internal memory and is shipped with an additional 8 GB SDHC card, upgradable to 32 GB. It has a 3.7 in display and a 5-megapixel camera. Unlike the Droid X, the Motorola Droid 2 features a redesigned slide-out QWERTY keyboard, but still features the Swype keyboard found on the Droid X. A limited edition version featuring the \"Star Wars\" droid character R2-D2 with exclusive apps and content was announced by Verizon for September 30, 2010, to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary for \"The Empire Strikes Back\". Reviewers felt that the good aspects of the prior Droid, like the sturdy build and functional styling, were maintained in the Droid 2, but with many refinements. Some reviewers thought that the styling was less abrupt, but some criticised the device for not departing enough from the prior design. The consensus on the screen was that, while it was not as big as some phones, or as high resolution as the iPhone 4, it was good quality and not too small. The new keyboard was praised by some reviewers for being less awkward than on the prior Droid, but others found little improvement. The keyboard overall had mixed reviews but was generally the same but without a d-pad."], "answer": {"text": "In the novel The Courtship of Princess Leia, set four years after the Battle of Endor, Luke travels to the planet Dathomir.", "answer_start": 409}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what novels did Skywalker write?", "answer": {"text": "In the novel The Truce at Bakura, set one day after the battle of Endor, Luke and his friend Wedge Antilles recover a message droid from the titular planet,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happens next?", "answer": {"text": "Luke commands a task force, turning back the enemy army.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e1f2e6127634211b25ec6356b3579f5_0_q#0", "question": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "rewrite": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Joseph F. Malloney Joseph Francis Maloney was an American machinist and political organizer from Massachusetts. An organizer with the Massachusetts-branch of the Socialist Labor Party of America, Malloney was ran for office several times with the SLP, including for Congress in the Massachusetts's 7th congressional district in 1898 and for President in the 1900 election. Prominent SLP leaders including Morris Hillquit and Henry Slobodin split from the SLP in 1899 and supported the Social Democratic Party of America's ticket headed by Eugene V. Debs. Despite this, Malloney and running-mate Valentine Remmel of Pennsylvania were nominated to head the SLP ticket. The Malloney/Remmel ticket received 41,000 votes over 23 states in the 1900 election, representing an increase in votes for the Socialist Labor Party.", "Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1900\u20131903 This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 1900 election and the 1903 election. Party affiliations were relatively loose during the period, although a Liberal grouping had formed over the 1890s around Sir Edward Braddon, the former Premier of Tasmania, and Andrew Inglis Clark. A separate grouping, generally described as Ministerial, supported Elliott Lewis, who was Premier for the entire parliamentary term. Only one Labor candidate ran in the election, in only the second contest entered by the party. The 1900 election was the second to use a limited version of the Hare-Clark system within Hobart and Launceston, which were given 6 and 4 seats respectively, while still using first past the post single-member constituencies elsewhere in the state. Following this term, the system largely returned to its pre\u20131897 state, but at the 1909 election, the entire State was redivided into five electorates using the Hare-Clark system.", "Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1897\u20131900 This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 1897 election and the 1900 election. Party affiliations were relatively loose during the period, although a Liberal grouping had formed over the 1890s around Sir Edward Braddon, the Premier of Tasmania until 12 October 1899, and Andrew Inglis Clark. A separate grouping, generally described as Ministerial, supported Elliott Lewis, who was Premier for the final five months of the parliamentary term. As was common at such changes in Tasmanian politics, several Liberal MHAs affiliated with the new government by the time of the 1900 election. The 1897 election was the first to use a limited version of the Hare-Clark system within Hobart and Launceston, which were given 6 and 4 seats respectively, while still using first past the post single-member constituencies elsewhere in the state. It was renewed and adjusted periodically until the 1909 election, when the entire State was redivided into five electorates using the Hare-Clark system.", "1900 United States presidential election in New York The 1900 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 6, 1900. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1900 United States presidential election. New York voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. New York was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President William McKinley of Ohio and his running mate Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York. McKinley and Roosevelt defeated the Democratic nominees, former Congressman and 1896 presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and his running mate former Vice President Adlai Stevenson I of Illinois. Also in the running was the Socialist Party candidate, Eugene V. Debs, who ran with Job Harriman. McKinley carried New York State with 53.10 percent of the vote to Bryan\u2019s 43.83 percent, a victory margin of 9.27 percent. New York weighed in for this election as about three percent more Republican than the national average. The 1900 election was a direct re-match between McKinley and Bryan who had run against each other four years earlier in 1896. While McKinley slightly improved on his national margin, New York swung heavily in Bryan's favor in 1900. In 1896, McKinley had defeated Bryan in the state by 18.85%, sweeping every county in the state except Schoharie County, including rare Republican victories in New York City. McKinley\u2019s 1900 margin of victory in New York State was less than half of his 1896 margin, primarily due to dramatic Democratic gains in New York City. While in 1896 Bryan had lost New York City by about 60,000 votes, in 1900 Bryan won a majority of over 30,000 votes in New York City, winning Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island. Bryan would win New York City again against William Howard Taft in 1908.", "While Bryan made a whopping 546 speeches to an audience of two-and-a-half million people during the 1900 campaign, Theodore Roosevelt's speeches during this campaign ended up reaching more people (with Roosevelt giving 673 speeches to an audience of three million people). In addition, Bryan was hurt by the inadequate financing and organization of the Democratic Party in 1900. Ultimately, McKinley won the popular vote by a 52% to 46% margin and won the electoral vote by a 292 to 155 margin. Indeed, McKinley's victory margin was greater than it had been in 1896, and might have been even larger had it not been for the intimidation of Black voters in the Southern United States (in the South, only 40% of all eligible voters actually voted in 1900). In addition, Republicans picked up two seats in the U.S. Senate and 11 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1900, raising their totals to 57 seats in the Senate and 198 seats in the House. Overall, the 1900 election continued the political realignment which was begun by the 1896 election, having established the Republicans as the dominant political party in the U.S. until the 1920s."], "answer": {"text": "In 1900 Bryan ran as an anti-imperialist,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6e1f2e6127634211b25ec6356b3579f5_0_q#1", "question": "Did he win the election?", "rewrite": "Did Bryan win the election?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["During Daya\u2019s term in the office, three more barrios from Mauban \u2013 Banot, Bilucao and San Bueno, became a part of Sampaloc through the efforts of Ireneo Domeo, the municipal secretary. The town was also renamed to Sampaloc during this time. Legend has it the town derives its name from the \"lukb\u00e1n\" or pomelo tree. Three hunters from neighbouring Majayjay\u2014 namely Marcos Tigla, Luis Gamba and Lucas Ma\u00f1awa\u2014 lost their way following the trail of wild animals at the foot of volcanic Mount Banahaw. Resting under a tree, they saw a crow (\"uw\u00e1k\") in the tree's branches, and believing this to be a bad omen, they moved to another place and rested again. Whilst in the shade of a large pomelo (\"lucb\u00e1n\") tree, the trio were attracted to a couple of kingfishers (\"salacs\u00e1c\") that were singing. Fascinated by the bird's plumage and rhythmic chirps, the superstitious hunters took this a sign of good fortune and thus settled in the place they named \"Lucb\u00e1n.\" Lucban is politically subdivided into 32 barangays. Elected Officials of Lucban as per May 2019 Election: Lucban celebrates the Pahiyas Festival every May 15 in honor of the patron saint of farmers, St Isidore the Labourer. Beginning with a 6:00am mass at the Lucban Church, this festival showcases a street of houses which are adorned with fruits, vegetables, agricultural products, handicrafts and \"kiping\", a rice-made decoration, which afterwards can be eaten grilled or fried. The houses are judged and the best one is proclaimed the winner. Every year, tourists roam the municipality to witness the decoration of houses.", "Within 48 hours, WWE chairman and CEO Vince McMahon stated that Michalek would meet Bryan. Michalek met Bryan on December 18, 2012, and again on October 7, 2013, when WWE held events in Pittsburgh. While attending the 2014 Royal Rumble, Michalek and his family became acquainted with WWE ring announcer Justin Roberts, who maintained a friendship with Michalek and introduced him to other WWE personalities. Upon learning that Michalek had little time to live, WWE invited him to attend the WrestleMania XXX festivities. Before their \"Raw\" event in the week prior to WrestleMania, they had Michalek perform a ring entrance with Bryan and playfully score a pinfall victory over Paul Levesque (\"Triple H\"), while WWE performers cheered him on. During WrestleMania XXX on April 6, 2014, Michalek was in the front row to see Bryan win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. Bryan embraced Michalek immediately following his victory. On April 25, 2014, Michalek died at the age of eight. Following Michalek's death, WWE released a video in his memory, which went viral, featuring him interacting with numerous WWE personnel during WrestleMania XXX weekend. On March 9, 2015, WWE announced that Michalek would be honored with the inaugural Warrior Award at the 2015 WWE Hall of Fame induction ceremony. According to WWE, the Warrior Award is given to individuals who have \"exhibited unwavering strength and perseverance, and who lives life with the courage and compassion that embodies the indomitable spirit of The Ultimate Warrior\". Daniel Bryan and Dana Warrior presented the award on March 28, and his father and brother accepted it on his behalf. Justin Roberts wrote an article questioning if Michalek's Hall of Fame induction by WWE was \"driven by sincerity and not strategy\".", "William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates.", "On the February 2 episode of \"Raw\", Bryan defeated Seth Rollins, earning the right to face Roman Reigns at Fastlane, as the winner of the Fastlane match would challenge Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania 31 for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. At Fastlane on February 22, Bryan lost to Reigns, failing to make his entry to WrestleMania main event. After Fastlane, Bryan set his sights on the Intercontinental Championship for WrestleMania 31, where he was one of multiple wrestlers who came to possess champion Bad News Barrett's title belt while defeating Barrett in non-title matches. On the March 12 episode of \"SmackDown\", Bryan declared his entry into the multi-man ladder match for the Intercontinental title at WrestleMania 31. After Bryan was pinned twice within a week by fellow ladder match entrant Dolph Ziggler, the \"Pro Wrestling Torch Newsletter\" reported that \"WWE has made it clear where Bryan stands after starting to lose regularly now\". WWE's storylines for Bryan since his return were widely criticized. Dave Scherer of \"Pro Wrestling Insider\" questioned \"bringing Bryan back for the Rumble in the first place\" if there was no intention of letting Bryan win. Benjamin Tucker of \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" criticized WWE for having \"watered down\" Bryan's heroic character to a \"sneaky, backstabbing, cheap, aggravating jerk\" for the feud against Roman Reigns. Mike Tedesco of \"WrestleView\" wrote in March that WWE \"killed Daniel Bryan and Randy Orton dead in the last two months. It takes a special bunch of nincompoops to pull that off\".", "1900 United States presidential election in Florida The 1900 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1900. Florida voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. The anti-Southern animus of the Harrison presidency meant Florida\u2018s large landowners felt the disfranchisement of blacks was urgent by 1889. A poll tax was introduced in 1889 as were the so-called \u201cMyers\u201d and \u201cDortch\u201d laws which required voters in more populous settlements to register their voting precincts. This dramatically cut voter registration amongst blacks and poorer whites, and since Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession, its Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes. Thus this disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by a poll tax introduced in 1889 left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina. The Republican Party did not offer presidential electors in 1892, and it did not carry a single county in 1896. With Bryan appealing to many pineywoods \u201ccrackers\u201d who still paid the poll tax, he was able to improve upon his 1896 landslide. The power of Baptist preachers in the settled northern part of the state, however, did produce considerable support for the Prohibition Party\u2019s John Woolley in the white counties. The election saw William Jennings Bryan win the state and receive all four electoral votes. This stands as one of the ten occasions when third or minor parties got over five percent of the vote in Florida."], "answer": {"text": "Despite Bryan's tremendous energy, McKinley and the Republicans were too strong to defeat.", "answer_start": 984}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "answer": {"text": "In 1900 Bryan ran as an anti-imperialist,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e1f2e6127634211b25ec6356b3579f5_0_q#2", "question": "Was he conservative or liberal?", "rewrite": "Was Bryan conservative or liberal?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2011 Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council election Elections to Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council took place on Thursday 5 May 2011. There were 17 seats up for election, one third of the council. After the election the council continued to have no overall control and continue to be run by a coalition between the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats. During 2011 the Liberal Democrat councillor for the Warley Ward Robert Pearson left the Liberal Democrats and spent the remainder of his time on the council as an Independent Liberal Democrat. Councillor Tom Bates of the BNP left the party and continued his term as an independent councillor. Prior to the election the composition of the council was: After the election the composition of the council was: The incumbent was Joyce Cawthra as an Independent. The incumbent was David O'Neill for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Diane Park, an Independent. The incumbent was Peter Wardhaugh for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was David Kirton for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Barry Collins for the Labour Party. The incumbent was Richard Marshall for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Roger Taylor for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Bryan Smith for the Labour Party. The incumbent was Arshad Mahmood for the Labour Party. The incumbent was Craig Whittaker for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Robert Thornber for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Stephen Gow for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Andrew Feather for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Olwen Jennings for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Timothy Swift for the Labour Party. The incumbent was Jennifer Pearson for the Liberal Democrats.", "Valentine Hall Jr.  Valentine Gill Hall Jr. (March 27, 1834 \u2013 July 17, 1880) was an American socialite, banker, and merchant who was the maternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Hall was born in New York City on March 27, 1834 to Irish immigrant Valentine Gill Hall Sr. and Susan (n\u00e9e Tonnel\u00e9) Hall. His younger sister, Margaret Tonnel\u00e9 Hall, was married to Edward Philip Livingston Ludlow, the older brother of his wife, two years after his marriage in 1861. Another sister, Catherine Tonnel\u00e9 Hall, was married to Eugene Schieffelin, and a brother, John Tonnel\u00e9 Hall, was married to Catherine Cruger Delafield, daughter of Rufus King Delafield, and niece of merchants Richard Delafield and Edward Delafield. His maternal grandparents were Rebecca (n\u00e9e Waterbury) Tonnel\u00e9, and John Tonnel\u00e9 Sr, a Frenchman. His uncle was John Tonnel\u00e9 Jr., the farmer and politician who was a member of the New Jersey State Legislature, and his grandmother Rebecca was the daughter of Revolutionary War General David How Waterbury, Jr.  His father and his maternal grandfather were business partners in the New York City wool merchant firm of Tonnel\u00e9 & Hall, who were considered \"the most extensive Wool dealers in the country\" in 1842. Through their firm, Hall's father was able to build a large fortune, estimated at $250,000 in 1842, which included \"considerable holdings in New York City real estate,\" from 14th to 18th Street along Sixth Avenue. After his grandfather retired, his uncle, John Tonnel\u00e9 Jr. ran the business with his father, who retired in 1845 before age 50. Together, his uncle John and grandfather were worth $1,000,000 in 1842.", "These leaves also have the highest vein order of four to five, in a combination of brochidodromous (where secondary veins do not terminate at leaf margin, and instead form joined arches along the margin) and craspedodomous (where secondary veins terminate at leaf margins) venations. The structures on leaf margins of \"Ascarina\" share general shape, size and with the other genera of \"Chloranthaceae\". They differ from the other genera in the festooned craspedodomous venation, which is a unique feature of \"Ascarina\". The pollen of \"Ascarina\" plants are a wind distributed pollen with some notable differences from the rest of the genera. It is mostly monosulcate, with some trichotomosulcate variants. The pollen have a net like or reticulate sculpturing with columellar structures. The mori have distinct features which could be either microverrae or supratectal spinules which is a trait shared with \"Hedyosmum\". Most \"Ascarina\" are endemic to high humidity montane forests (\"1000m\"-3300m elevation), with an exception of \"A. lucida\" (0m-1500m elevation). The plants grow best in sunny disturbed regions, a trait shared with its sister genus \"Hedyosmum\", but not with the other two genera of \"Chloranthaceae\". The sole exception to this amongst the genus is \"A. swamyana\", which grows best in shady regions. \" Ascarina\" and \"Hedyosmum\" were among the first angiosperms to recruit seedlings in brighter areas, and this ability to grow in open areas has been proposed as the explanation for \"Ascarina\" being anemophilous.", "Valentine Hall Valentine Gill \"Vallie\" Hall III (November 12, 1867, New York \u2013 October 26, 1934) was an American tennis player who was active in the late 19th century. He was the elder son of Valentine Gill Hall Jr. and Mary Livingston Ludlow of the Livingston family. Vallie's eldest sister was Anna Rebecca Hall, making him an uncle of First Lady of the United States, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt. In 1888 and 1890 he won the Men's Doubles title at the U.S. National Championships, also reaching the semi-finals in the Men's Singles in 1891 (and the quarter-finals in 1890, 1892 and 1893). In 1891 he won the tournament at Southampton, NY. Together with his brother Edward Ludlow Hall (1872\u20131932) he won the National Eastern Doubles Championships in 1892. In 1889 he wrote a book titled \"Lawn Tennis in America\" containing biographical sketches of prominent players. He was a secretary of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association.", "2007 Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council election  Elections to Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 3 May 2007 with the exception of the Warley ward which was postponed until 14 June 2007 due to the sudden death of one of the candidates. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control with a minority Conservative administration. The total turnout of the election was 38.01% (51,586 voters of an electorate of 135,729). The winning candidate in each ward is highlighted in bold. Brighouse Councillor Nick Yates, who had left the Conservative Party in 2006 to become an Independent, joined the Liberal Democrats in the summer of 2007. The table below summarises the results of the 2007 local government election. Each party is ordered by number of votes registered. 17 of the 51 seats were up for re-election. Percentage change calculated compared to the previous election's results. Prior to the election the composition of the council was: After the election the composition of the council was:  Percentage change calculated compared to the last time these candidates stood for election. The incumbent was Joyce Cawthra for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Michael Taylor for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Edgar Waller for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Patrick Phillips for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was David Kirton for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Richard Mulhall for the BNP. The incumbent was Jane Brown for the Liberal Democrats. The incumbent was Roger Taylor for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Bryan Smith for the Labour Party. The incumbent was Arshad Mahmmod for the Labour Party. The incumbent was John Williamson for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Robert Thornber for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was John Ford for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Andrew Feather for the Conservative Party. The incumbent was Olwen Jennings for the Liberal Democrats."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "answer": {"text": "In 1900 Bryan ran as an anti-imperialist,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the election?", "answer": {"text": "Despite Bryan's tremendous energy, McKinley and the Republicans were too strong to defeat.", "answer_start": 984, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e1f2e6127634211b25ec6356b3579f5_0_q#3", "question": "Would he have led us into war if he had won?", "rewrite": "Would Bryan have led us into war if he had won?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Very early in his career, he brought pioneering oceanographer Kirk Bryan to GFDL to account for oceanic influences on the weather; and shortly following World War II, with the nation still leery of Japan, he invited Suki Manabe, Yoshio Kurihara, and Kikuro Miyakoda to GFDL, valuing their scientific expertise and potential and ignoring the xenophobia that might have discouraged such international collaboration. He continued this practice of inviting scientists to GFDL who could take on the project of producing a comprehensive theory of atmospheric processes, valuing talent and creativity over what he regarded as irrelevant factors such as field or nationality. Jerry Mahlman, who succeeded Smagorinsky as director of GFDL at Princeton, writes that Smagorinsky \"had no real interest in the 'university scientific culture' that still has a tendency to count scientific publications, rather than scientific achievements, as its measure of faculty success. Joe would have none of that. He wanted junior scientists such as us to focus on solving difficult scientific challenges of major relevance to NOAA, the United States, and the world. . . . Without Joe's support and encouragement, would Manabe have written the first paper on the science of global warming in 1967? Would Bryan have produced the world's first ocean model in 1970? Would Manabe and Bryan have produced the world's first coupled atmosphere\u2013ocean model in 1972? Would I have produced the first comprehensive stratospheric dynamical/chemical model? Would Miyakoda have pioneered extended-range weather forecasting? For my research, the answer is: almost certainly not. Without the level of scientific and computational support provided by Joe, these achievements would have required at least another decade of development to achieve success.\"", "The first tour was in Kabul in 2003/2004 as \"Roto 0\" for Operation Athena as part of ISAF, the second consisting of Reconnaissance Platoon in 2005 as augmentation of the Royal Canadian Dragoons Recce Squadron, during \"Roto 4\" of Operation Athena and \"Roto 0\" of Operation Archer in Kandahar. Later as \"Roto 6\" for Operation Athena in Kandahar in 2008/2009. 1st Platoon, M Company of 3 RCR was featured in the Discovery Channel documentary series \"Combat School\" while training for their first operational deployment to Afghanistan. As part of Canada's commitment to Afghanistan as part of ISAF, 3 RCR deployed to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the summer of 2003. It was based out of Camp Julien. The 3 RCR Battlegroup (3 RCR BG) was augmented by \"C\" Company, 1 RCR. 3 RCR BG served in Kabul until early 2004, when it was replaced by a battle group of the Royal 22 R\u00e9giment. In 2005 the Reconnaissance Platoon of 3 RCR, including a sniper section, was attached to the Royal Canadian Dragoons Recce Squadron for \"Roto 4 of Operation Athena and the subsequent \"Roto 0\" of Operation Archer as Canada's involvement in Afghanistan transitioned to Kandahar. In anticipation of its deployment to Afghanistan in Autumn, 2008, 3 RCR reroled into a mechanised infantry battalion. It formed the core of Task Force 3\u201308 Battle Group (TF 3\u201308 BG), augmented by:  3 RCR BG served in Kandahar, Afghanistan from 21 Sept 2008 until 15 April 2009. In 2010 O Company deployed, in support of 1 RCR, for Task Force 1 \u2013 10.", "Operation Athena Operation Athena is the Canadian Forces contribution to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. The operation was divided in two phases: the first one took place from July 2003 to July 2005 in the Kabul region and the second one from August 2005 to December 2011 in the Kandahar area. The operation's main objective was to improve Afghanistan's security and governance. Operation Athena in Kandahar constituted the longest combat mission in the history of Canadian Forces. With over 40 000 Canadian military units that, at some point, entered the country - often several times - this operation constitutes the largest military deployment of the Canadian Forces since World War II. Following the terrorist attacks on 9/11 in New York, the United States started a military campaign against the Taliban regime and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Canada officially joined this campaign on October 9, 2001. Operation Athena followed Operation Apollo, codename for the initial deployment of Canadian Force troops in Afghanistan from October 2001 to October 2003. As a matter of fact, Operation Athena was an integral part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan created by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386 on December 13, 2001. Thereafter, other United Nations Security Council Resolutions have extended the ISAF's mandate. The military operation in Afghanistan was part of a government-wide effort; indeed, Canada is one of the main international donors in Afghanistan and several other ministries were involved along with the Canadian Department of National Defence. Operation Athena's objective was to assist the Afghan government in order to help it govern better in a more stable environment. Its purpose was to deploy 5300 Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan, within a coalition of about forty countries.", "If He had split the sea for us. 7) If He had led us through on dry land. 8) If He had drowned our oppressors. 9) If He had provided for our needs in the wilderness for 40 years. 10) If He had fed us manna. 11) If He had given us Shabbat. 12) If He had led us to Mount Sinai. 13) If He had given us the Torah. 14) If He had brought us into the Land of Israel. 15) If He built the Temple for us. Jews in Afghanistan and Iran hit each other over the head with green onions during the refrain beginning with the ninth stanza (Even if you had supplied our needs in the desert for 40 years but not provided us with manna). This may be due to a passage in Numbers 11:5\u20136, where the Israelites see manna and recall Egypt. \"We remember the fish that we used to eat in Egypt, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions and the garlic. Now our gullets are shriveled. There is nothing at all. Nothing but this manna to look at. \" It is thought that by beating each other with the onions they taught themselves not to yearn for Egypt or to forget Egyptian slavery.", "In this context, the ISAF was in charge of fighting the insurgents, and on a wider scale, was also responsible of the development and maintenance of security; Canada was, in terms of number of troops provided to the ISAF, the fifth country after the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. The Kandahar Province provincial reconstruction team (PRT) aims to help the Afghan government to rebuild the country with the help of developmental projects, but also to extend its authority and to provide services to the citizens. The PRT \u2013 one of the 27 in Afghanistan \u2013 was under Canadian responsibility during Phase Two of Operation Athena. The Kandahar PRT was composed of diplomats, engineers, policemen, correctional officials and soldiers. It represented the Afghan government before the Province's local authorities. Operation Athena began on 17 July 2003 with the installation of Brigadier-General Peter Devlin as commander of the ISAF's Kabul Multi-National Brigade. Two days later, 3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment began deploying as the first rotation of Task Force Kabul. The operation evolved into a 1,900 personnel task force which provided assistance to civilian infrastructure such as well-digging and repair of local buildings. ISAF's primary objective in 2004 was ensuring the safe conduct of Afghanistan's first democratic election, which was held on 9 October 2004. Hamid Karzai was declared the winner, and on 9 December 2004 he was inaugurated President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Phase one of Operation Athena ended in July 2005. In 2005, ISAF began to extend its operations beyond Kabul to support the development and growth of Afghanistan's governmental institutions, especially its national security forces. In August 2005, the second phase of Operation Athena began with the Canadian Forces assuming command of Kandahar Province from a United States Army task force deployed under Operation Enduring Freedom."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "answer": {"text": "In 1900 Bryan ran as an anti-imperialist,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the election?", "answer": {"text": "Despite Bryan's tremendous energy, McKinley and the Republicans were too strong to defeat.", "answer_start": 984, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he conservative or liberal?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e1f2e6127634211b25ec6356b3579f5_0_q#4", "question": "What did he think of McKinley?", "rewrite": "What did Bryan think of McKinley?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A farmer in Iowa, in a letter to Bryan, stated, \"You are the first big man that i ever wrote to.\" When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report \"rot\" and hung up the phone. The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. When McKinley and his advisers, such as industrialist and future senator Mark Hanna, realized that the views were more than transitory, they began intensive fundraising from corporations and the wealthy. The money went for speakers, pamphlets, and other means of conveying their \"sound money\" campaign to the voter. With far less money than McKinley, Bryan embarked on a nationwide campaign tour by train on a then-unprecedented scale. McKinley on the other hand, opted for a front porch campaign. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. Bryan's nomination divided the party. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. However, Bryan did gain the support of the Populists, as well as a convention of Silver Republicans. Bryan spoke on silver throughout the campaign; he rarely addressed other issues. Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. The Democratic candidate failed to gain a majority of the labor vote; McKinley won in working-class areas as well as wealthy precincts. Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000 votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate. After McKinley's inauguration, increases in gold availability from new discoveries and improved refining methods led to a considerable increase in the money supply. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard.", "The electoral vote was not as close: 271 for McKinley to 176 for Bryan. McKinley increased the Republican vote by 2,000,000 from Harrison's defeat in 1892, though Bryan also increased the Democratic total. Bryan had hoped to sweep the rural vote and make inroads on urban labor, but he was not successful. McKinley became the first Republican candidate to win in New York City, and won in its rival city of Brooklyn as well. He lost only one city with a population of over 45,000 in the Midwest, and won many rural counties in crucial states. Although Bryan won all states south of Kentucky and from Texas east, McKinley won most urban centers there. Irish immigrants generally remained loyal to the Democratic Party, but McKinley's promises of sound money attracted German-Americans who were appalled by Bryan's inflationary proposals. German-Americans had long been Democratic; efforts by that party to rebut McKinley, including circulating a statement by Bismarck in support of bimetallism, were ineffective. Many Catholics and recent immigrants favored McKinley because of the dislike the American Protective Association had for him. Karl Rove saw several reasons for McKinley's triumph. McKinley campaigned on big issues, the tariff and sound money. The candidate went after Bryan's strongest issue, silver, arguing that bimetallism would harm Americans and hit the working class hardest. McKinley's theme was that it was morally wrong to debase the currency; he linked his stand for sound money with the tariff and with patriotism, appealing to crucial voter blocs who gave McKinley the biggest victory in a presidential election since Grant in 1872. He reached out to immigrants and urban factory workers, recognizing their importance in a changing America. And to implement these strategies, McKinley, with Hanna's aid, created a larger, more organized campaign structure than had previously been seen in presidential campaigns. Jones noted, \"", "Newspapers that supported other parties in western silver states, such as the Populist \"Rocky Mountain News\" of Denver, Colorado, and Utah's Republican \"The Salt Lake Tribune\", quickly endorsed Bryan. Following his nomination in June, McKinley's team had believed that the election would be fought on the issue of the protective tariff. Chicago banker Charles G. Dawes, a McKinley advisor who had known Bryan when both lived in Lincoln, had predicted to McKinley and his friend and campaign manager, Mark Hanna, that if Bryan had the chance to speak to the convention, he would be its choice. McKinley and Hanna gently mocked Dawes, telling him that Bland would be the nominee. In the three weeks between the two conventions, McKinley spoke only on the tariff question, and when journalist Murat Halstead telephoned him from Chicago to inform him that Bryan would be nominated, he responded dismissively and hung up the phone. When Bryan was nominated on a silver platform, the Republicans were briefly gratified, believing that Bryan's selection would result in an easy victory for McKinley. Despite the confidence of the Republicans, the nomination of Bryan sparked great excitement through the nation. His program of prosperity through free silver struck an emotional chord with the American people in a way that McKinley's protective tariff did not. Many Republican leaders had gone on vacation for the summer, believing that the fight, on their terms, would take place in the fall. Bryan's endorsement, soon after Chicago, by the Populists, his statement that he would undertake a nationwide tour on an unprecedented scale, and word from local activists of the strong silver sentiment in areas Republicans had to win to take the election, jarred McKinley's party from its complacency. The Populist strategy for 1896 was to nominate the candidate most supportive of silver.", "From the moment he was nominated, McKinley was beset by supporters coming to Canton to hail him, hoping to hear him give a political speech. McKinley remained in Canton, available to the public every day but Sunday, continuously from his June nomination until Election Day in November, excepting one trip in July to give previously arranged nonpolitical speeches in Cleveland and at Mount Union College. He also took one weekend of rest in late August. The need to greet and speak to supporters made it difficult for McKinley to get campaign work done; one political club interrupted his conference with Hobart in late June. McKinley complained that his time was not being well managed. Bryan's announcement, after gaining the Democratic nomination, that he would undertake a nationwide tour by rail, something then unusual for presidential candidates, put pressure on McKinley to match him. Hanna especially urged his candidate to hit the road. McKinley decided against this, feeling that he could not outdo Bryan, who was a brilliant stump speaker, and that he would be foolish to try. \"I might as well put up a trapeze on my front lawn and compete against some professional athlete as go out speaking against Bryan. I have to \"think\" when I speak.\" Furthermore, no matter how McKinley traveled, Bryan would upstage him by choosing a less comfortable manner. McKinley was unwilling to compete with Bryan on the Democrat's terms, and sought to find his own way to reach the people. The front porch campaign that McKinley decided on was a natural extension of the pilgrimages to Canton by McKinley devotees that were already occurring. After a few initial stumbles, things settled into routine by mid-September. While any group could visit McKinley by writing in advance, his campaign arranged for many of them, and they came from towns small and large.", "Private Hambleton wrote, \"Of course, there are some boys who think Bryan is the whole cheese, but they don't say too much.\" Despite Bryan's energetic efforts, the renewed prosperity under McKinley, combined with the public's approval of the Spanish\u2013American War, allowed McKinley to gain a comfortable victory. It is a matter of considerable importance that Theodore Roosevelt, the vice-presidential candidate on the Republican ticket, attracted unusual attention in the campaign, and it has been commonly asserted that he brought a considerable number of votes to the Republican ticket. McKinley polled roughly 7,200,000 votes. He carried 28 states with a combined 292 electoral votes (65.32%). He slightly increased his national percentage (51.60%) with 120,000 more votes than in 1896. This change is reflected in the gains made in number of counties carried; McKinley had 222 more counties than he had carried in 1896, thus gaining a slight majority of the total number of counties making returns in 1900. Of the 2,729 counties making returns, McKinley won in 1,385 (50.75%) while Bryan carried 1,340 (49.10%). Two counties (0.07%) were split evenly between McKinley and Bryan, while two counties (0.07%) in Texas recorded more votes cast for \"Other(s)\" than either of the two-party candidates. McKinley had a majority in 1,288 counties while Bryan had a majority in 1,253 counties. Further examination reveals that changes in counties were even more impressive. Of the 2,729 counties making returns, 2,286 were identical in these two elections; 113 changed from Republican to Democratic; and 328 changed from Democratic to Republican. A notable feature was the Bryan gains made in the New England and (Northeastern)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bryan run for president in the 1900 election?", "answer": {"text": "In 1900 Bryan ran as an anti-imperialist,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the election?", "answer": {"text": "Despite Bryan's tremendous energy, McKinley and the Republicans were too strong to defeat.", "answer_start": 984, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he conservative or liberal?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Would he have led us into war if he had won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#0", "question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "rewrite": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Burzum  Burzum (; ) is a Norwegian music project founded by Varg Vikernes in 1991. Although Burzum never played live performances, it became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and is considered one of the most influential acts in the history of black metal. The word \"burzum\" means \"darkness\" in the black speech, a fictional language crafted by \"Lord of the Rings\" writer J. R. R. Tolkien. Vikernes began making music as a teenager in 1988, but it was not until 1991 that he recorded his first demos as Burzum. The first four Burzum albums were recorded between January 1992 and March 1993. From 1994 to 2009, Vikernes was incarcerated for the murder of Mayhem guitarist \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth and the arson of three churches. While imprisoned, he recorded two dark ambient albums using only synthesizers, as he did not have access to drums, guitar or bass. Since his release from prison in 2009, he has recorded several more albums. In 2018, Vikernes announced the end of the Burzum project; however, in October of 2019, he announced his intention to release a new album under the Burzum name, tentatively titled \"Thul\u00eaan Mysteries\". Varg Vikernes began making music in 1988 with the band Kalashnikov. The following year, the name was changed to Uruk-Hai, after the creatures from J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Lord of the Rings\". In 1990 and 1991, Vikernes played guitar for the death metal band Old Funeral, which also consisted of members who would later form the band Immortal. He appears on the Old Funeral EP \"Devoured Carcass\". Vikernes left Old Funeral in 1991 to concentrate on creating his own musical visions.", "The Ways of Yore The Ways of Yore is the eleventh studio album by Norwegian musical project Burzum, released on 2 June 2014 by sole member Varg Vikernes' label Byelobog Productions. The album retains the ambient and medieval music sound Vikernes started with Burzum's previous album, \"S\u00f4l austan, M\u00e2ni vestan\", albeit introducing vocals. The album's cover was taken from \"Merlin and Vivien\", an engraving by famous French artist Gustave Dor\u00e9 for Alfred Tennyson's poem \"Idylls of the King\". Varg Vikernes said of \"The Ways of Yore\" on Burzum's official website: \"\"The Ways of Yore\" is my first step towards something new, which at the same time is as old as the roots of Europe. With \"The Ways of Yore\" I try to transport the listener to the days of yore, to make them feel the past, that is still alive in their own blood\". On 12 May 2014, Vikernes posted a 30-second teaser for each of the album's songs on his official YouTube channel. The songs \"Emptiness\" and \"To Hel and Back Again\" are re-recorded versions of the songs \"Tomhet\" (from Burzum's 1994 album \"Hvis lyset tar oss\") and \"Til Hel og tilbake igjen\" (from \"Fallen\"), respectively. On the album, AllMusic wrote: \"The album's inherent gloom comes not from the burning hatred and isolation that fueled earlier Burzum albums, but conveys the same intensity through its use of chant and traditional instruments of early Norwegian folk music, which wrap around Vikernes' signature use of ambient electronics to create a truly inspired web of harrowing sound.\"", "He was interested in totalitarian communist states and said he wished to see people \"rot under communist dictatorship\". However, apart from Varg Vikernes, the scene was largely non-political. In 1992, members of the Norwegian black metal scene began a wave of arson attacks on Christian churches. By 1996, there had been at least 50 attacks in Norway; in every case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans. Some of the buildings were hundreds of years old and seen as important historical landmarks. The first was Norway's Fantoft stave church, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe Varg Vikernes of Burzum was responsible. The cover of Burzum's EP \"Aske\" (\"ashes\") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down Holmenkollen Chapel, Skjold Church and \u00c5sane Church. In addition, he was found guilty for an attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives. To coincide with the release of Mayhem's \"De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas\", Vikernes and Euronymous had allegedly plotted to bomb Nidaros Cathedral, which appears on the album cover. The musicians Samoth, Faust and J\u00f8rn Inge Tunsberg were also convicted for church arsons. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic \"retaliation\" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on mosques and Hindu temples, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community.", "Filosofem  Filosofem (Norwegian for \"Philosopheme\") is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal solo project Burzum. It was recorded in March 1993 and was the last recording before Varg Vikernes' imprisonment (16 May 1994); the album was not released until January 1996, however. A music video was made for the song \"Dunkelheit\" and received airtime on both MTV and VH1. The album is noted for its experimental sound when compared to most other second wave black metal (see music and artwork section). Vikernes considered the release an \"anti-trend album\". Varg Vikernes recorded the first four Burzum albums between January 1992 and March 1993 at the Grieg Hall in Bergen. However, the releases were spread out, with many months between the recording and the release of each album. During this time, Vikernes became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and met Mayhem guitarist Euronymous. He also allegedly took part in burning down four churches, along with other members of the scene. In August 1993, Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death outside his apartment in Oslo. He was arrested a few days later and, in May 1994, was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and the church arson. The opening track on \"Filosofem\", \"Burzum\", was the first song Vikernes wrote as Burzum. It had been recorded in September 1992 for the \"Hvis lyset tar oss\" album, but Vikernes was unhappy with it and re-recorded it for this album six months later.", "Also in 1992, Faust lived in Lillehammer, and in the newly constructed Olympic park a man named Magne Andreassen approached him and suggested that they take a walk in the nearby forest. Faust agreed, and, once in the forest, Faust claimed the man began to make strong sexual advances towards him. Faust then stabbed the man to death, kicking him in the head afterward to ensure that he was dead. He was not convicted until two years later. The day after Faust committed the murder, he went with Euronymous of Mayhem and Varg Vikernes of Burzum to burn the Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. In the summer of 1993, the band began working on their first full-length album. Emperor ceased wearing corpse paint; they stated that it was becoming a trend and losing its original significance and symbolism. In autumn of that year, the police began to investigate the murder of Euronymous of Mayhem, naming Varg Vikernes as a suspect; this investigation eventually led to the incarceration of Samoth for arson, and of Faust for the murder of Magne Andreassen. In 1994, Samoth was sentenced to 16 months in prison for burning the Skjold Church in Vindafjord, together with Varg Vikernes. The arson was committed during a pause in the recording of the Burzum EP \"Aske\" (\u2018Ashes\u2019). In 1994, \"In the Nightside Eclipse\" was released, and earned Emperor widespread acclaim and a large fanbase. After Samoth's parole, the band was joined by Trym and Alver on drums and bass respectively, and at the end of 1996, Emperor entered the studio to record \"Anthems to the Welkin at Dusk\"."], "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#1", "question": "When was the first case?", "rewrite": "When was the first arson?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["If a Tree Falls If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front is a 2011 American documentary film by filmmaker Marshall Curry. It tells the story of activist Daniel G. McGowan of the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), from his first arson attacks in 1996 to his 2005 arrest by the Department of Justice. The film also examines the ethics of the ELF at large and how terrorism is to be defined. Premiering at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, \"If a Tree Falls\" was rapidly acclaimed by critics. Many considered it one of the best documentaries of 2011 for its thought-provoking portrayal of complex environmental and political issues. It won a number of awards, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Daniel McGowan first became involved with the ELF in 1996. The Department of Justice launched Operation Backfire to find the arsonists. In 2006, McGowan was arrested. Signing a plea agreement, he was sentenced to 7 years in prison. Director Marshall Curry knew Daniel McGowan through his wife's work. McGowan did not strike him as the terrorist type, so after his 2006 arrest, he was intrigued to find out what led him to his radical course of action. \"If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front\" premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Documentary Editing. Oscilloscope Laboratories would subsequently pick it up for theatrical distribution. PBS broadcast the film on September 13, 2011, as part of its \"POV\" series. Kenneth Turan at the Los Angeles Times called it \"one of the best documentaries of the year\" and the New York Times said it was \"an extraordinary documentary... [a] fearless exploration of complexity in a world drawn to oversimplified depictions of events and problems, heroes and villains. \"", "Don Quijote (USA) Co., Ltd. and Marukai Hawaii Co. Ltd. , he said that \u201cThe opportunity to welcome the Times Supermarket family of stores and their employees to our ohana is exciting for us,\u201d and added that \u201cWe are confident that we will successfully work together, share ideas and learn from each other\u2019s combined experiences to best serve Hawaii. For more than 68 years, Times Supermarket has been a local favorite and pillar of Hawaii\u2019s retail community. We look forward to continuing their history and success in the islands.\u201d Don Quijote opened its first East Asian store outside of Japan at Orchard Central, Singapore, on December 1, 2017. It then opened a second store at the 100AM Mall in Tanjong Pagar on June 14, 2017. Don Quijote plans to have 5 stores in Singapore by the end of 2019 and 10 stores at the end of 2020. A third store was opened at City Square Mall in Singapore on January 11, 2019 with a fourth at Novena Square on May 2019. The fifth store in Singapore is located at Jewel Changi, under the Sweet Potato Factory concept. A store location was announced in June 2019 at Clarke Quay Central, increasing the total to six stores. Don Quijote is known for the distinctive song that plays in its stores. The song is called sung by , a Don Quijote store employee. \" Miracle Shopping\" was released as a maxi single in 1999. An English version has also been released. In December 2004, four stores in the Kant\u014d area were damaged or destroyed by arson attacks. Three store employees, Morio Oshima, 39, Mai Koishi, 20, and Maiko Sekiguchi, 19, died in the first arson incident. In 2007, Noriko Watanabe, 49, was found guilty of setting the fires and sentenced to life imprisonment.", "Oxford Arson Squad Oxford Arson Squad (or Oxford Arson Group) is a militant animal rights organization, which emerged in the United Kingdom in 2005 after claiming the firebombing of the Corpus Christi College Sports Pavilion at Oxford University. The University denounced these acts of direct action stating that \"the intimidating nature of this message is totally unacceptable\". The Oxford Arson Squad first established itself when an anonymous message was sent to \"Bite Back\" claiming the failed arson at Corpus Christi College on 23 September 2005, stating: The activists use the same leaderless-resistance model as the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), which consists of small, autonomous, covert cells acting independently. A cell may consist of just one person. Their cause seems to be to inflict property damage, presumably arson, but not injure individuals, and is a reason why they have been accused of being members or supporters of the ALF. The targets have been businesses based in Oxford, and the surrounding areas, using incendiary devices to firebomb businesses they assume have financial ties with Oxford University. The group became known after the first arson in Oxford which caused an estimated \u00a3500,000 worth of damage on 4 July 2005. In response to this attack, with the insurance premiums set to rise for the business, Longbridge's boathouse were given corporate sponsorship and donations. The fire caused 26 boats in total to become unusable which were part of St Hilda\u2019s, St Catherine\u2019s, Hertford, Mansfield and St Benet\u2019s Hall boats and boat clubs. Upon investigation the cause of the fire was attributed to incendiary devices which had been placed in the Eight's bays. The group stated that they targeted the boathouse because of their apparent ties to Oxford University that use primates in experiments. The group in a posting to", "Clinorhampha inevoluta Clinorhampha inevoluta is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.", "Elizabeth and Agnes Thomson Elizabeth and Agnes Thomson were Scottish suffragettes and members of the Edinburgh branch of the Women's Social and Political Union. They were arrested for their involvement in WSPU protests in Scotland and London. The 'elderly sisters' were involved in the first arson attempt in Scotland as part of the WSPU arson campaign in 1913. Elizabeth was imprisoned for her role and went on hunger strike. She was later released under the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913, so-called Cat and Mouse Act. Agnes Colquhoun Thomson was born in 1846 and Elizabeth Thomson in 1848, in Glasgow, Scotland. They moved with their widowed mother Margaret to Hartington Place in Edinburgh. The 1881 Census records the three women as living on \"income from interest of money\". The sisters subsequently spent 18 years in India \"being engaged in mission work\", before returning to Edinburgh. The Thomson sisters were active members of the Edinburgh WSPU and were involved in protests in London and Scotland. On 22 November 1911, they were among the 223 protesters arrested at a WSPU demonstration at the House of Commons, to which they had travelled with other women from the Edinburgh branch, including Jessie C. Methven, Edith Hudson, Alice Shipley and Mrs Grieve. The demonstrations followed the \"torpedoing\" of the Conciliation Bill. They were both sentenced to five days' imprisonment in Holloway prison. Elizabeth served a further term in Holloway in May 1912. In April 1913 the \"elderly sisters\", along with fellow Edinburgh WSPU members Arabella Scott and Edith Hudson, travelled to Kelso racecourse and attempted to burn down a stand. The four women were arrested along with Donald McEwan, who had ordered the taxi from Edinburgh, and subsequently tried in Jedburgh Court on"], "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#2", "question": "Why did he burn it?", "rewrite": "Why did Varg Vikernes burn Fantoft Stave Church?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fantoft Stave Church Fantoft Stave Church (; Nynorsk: \"Fantoft stavkyrkje\") is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway. The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (\"Fortun kyrkje\") was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from in Sola. On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old \u00c5sane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft stave church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire and it took six years to build again. The reconstruction was completed in 1997. A photograph of the church's burnt shell appears on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP \"Aske\" (Norwegian for \"ashes\").", "Aske (EP)  Aske (Norwegian for \"Ashes\") is an EP by Norwegian black metal solo project Burzum. Though recorded in April and August 1992, after \"Det som engang var\", it was released before that album in March 1993, through Deathlike Silence Productions. The cover is a photograph of the Fantoft Stave Church after its arson on 6 June 1992. Varg Vikernes was strongly suspected of burning the church, and the photograph is widely believed to have been taken by Vikernes himself. Bass guitar on two of the tracks is performed by Samoth of the band Emperor. A tape version featuring the old title of the release \"Inn I Dr\u00f8mmens Slott\" (Norwegian for \"Into the Castle of Dreams\") were made by Varg and spread by him and Samoth, the album was initially intended to be released on Varg's personal label called \"Burz-Nazg Prod\" (later Cymophane) before the Deathlike Silence Prod. pressing. The first 1000 copies of \"Aske\" were packaged with a lighter bearing the same image. \"Aske\" was later re-released as \"Burzum / Aske\" alongside the songs from Burzum's debut album.", "He was interested in totalitarian communist states and said he wished to see people \"rot under communist dictatorship\". However, apart from Varg Vikernes, the scene was largely non-political. In 1992, members of the Norwegian black metal scene began a wave of arson attacks on Christian churches. By 1996, there had been at least 50 attacks in Norway; in every case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans. Some of the buildings were hundreds of years old and seen as important historical landmarks. The first was Norway's Fantoft stave church, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe Varg Vikernes of Burzum was responsible. The cover of Burzum's EP \"Aske\" (\"ashes\") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down Holmenkollen Chapel, Skjold Church and \u00c5sane Church. In addition, he was found guilty for an attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives. To coincide with the release of Mayhem's \"De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas\", Vikernes and Euronymous had allegedly plotted to bomb Nidaros Cathedral, which appears on the album cover. The musicians Samoth, Faust and J\u00f8rn Inge Tunsberg were also convicted for church arsons. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic \"retaliation\" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on mosques and Hindu temples, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community.", "In 1992 and 1993, members of the group became connected with a series of crimes, starting with the arson of the Fantoft stave church on June 6, 1992, although the book mentions that there had previously been a \"small, ineffectual fire at Storeveit Church\". Church arsons continued but with a steady decline up until 1995. (The cover of \"Lords of Chaos\" shows a \"19th-century Swedish church in flames\".) An interview in a Norwegian newspaper given by Burzum founder Varg \"Count Grishnackh\" Vikernes, also a member of the Helvete group, leads to a media outrage condemning the arsons as acts of Satanism. On August 21, 1992, B\u00e5rd \"Faust\" Eithun of the band Emperor murdered a homosexual man in the Olympic Park in Lillehammer. He was subsequently convicted of this crime and sentenced to 14 years in prison (of which he served nine before being released in 2003). On August 10, 1993, Aarseth was murdered by Vikernes, who received a 21-year sentence for the murder and several cases of arson related to the church burnings. The book also mentions other cases of \"Satanic\" murderers, such as that of Sandro Beyer by members of the German National Socialist black metal band Absurd and Caleb Fairley in the USA. It also devotes several pages to the case of a self-styled teen militia named \"Lords of Chaos\" that perpetrated murder and arson in Fort Myers, Florida, in April 1996, but does not mention why the title \"Lords of Chaos\" was chosen for the book. Interview passages with Varg Vikernes are spread out through several sections of the book.", "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992. Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism. However, in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation: I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it. I was not found guilty of burning the Fantoft stave church, but anyway, that was what triggered the whole thing. That was the 6th of June and everyone linked it to Satanism ... What everyone overlooked was that on the 6th June, 793, in Lindesfarne in Britain was the site of the first known Viking raid in history, with Vikings from Hordaland, which is my county ... They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge."], "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#3", "question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "rewrite": "Were there other claims or comments made about the Fantoft Stave Church arson besides satanism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992. Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism. However, in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation: I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it. I was not found guilty of burning the Fantoft stave church, but anyway, that was what triggered the whole thing. That was the 6th of June and everyone linked it to Satanism ... What everyone overlooked was that on the 6th June, 793, in Lindesfarne in Britain was the site of the first known Viking raid in history, with Vikings from Hordaland, which is my county ... They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge.", "Fortun Church Fortun Church () is a parish church in Luster Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fortun. The church is part of the Fortun parish in the Indre Sogn deanery in the Diocese of Bj\u00f8rgvin. The white, wooden church, which has 230 seats, was built and consecrated in 1879. The architect Erik Pedersen Rusten designed the building. The present church replaced a stave church which was built sometime between 1160 and 1180. The church was to be demolished in 1882, but consul Fredrik Georg Gade bought the building and saved it by moving it in pieces to Fantoft in Bergen in 1883. Now it is called Fantoft Stave Church. The original stave church was lost in an arson fire in 1992. Soon after, a replica was built on the same site, but virtually all of the old parts from Fortun stave church had been lost.", "Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged in a different technique during 1600\u20131700, for instance Flesberg Stave Church were converted into cruciform church partly in log construction. According to Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire, storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. Around 1800 there were still 95 stave churches, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885 32 stave churches fell, since then only the Fantoft Stave Church has been lost. Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication when Johannes Flintoe wrote an essay in \"Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie\" (Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoes drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan \u2013 the first known architectural drawing of a stave church. It is unknown how many stave churches were constructed in Iceland and in other countries in Europe. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in Scandinavia; however, the post churches are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts. In Sweden, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the Middle Ages and were replaced. In Denmark, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them.", "Fantoft Stave Church Fantoft Stave Church (; Nynorsk: \"Fantoft stavkyrkje\") is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway. The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (\"Fortun kyrkje\") was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from in Sola. On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old \u00c5sane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft stave church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire and it took six years to build again. The reconstruction was completed in 1997. A photograph of the church's burnt shell appears on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP \"Aske\" (Norwegian for \"ashes\").", "Fantoft  Fantoft is an neighborhood of the district of \u00c5rstad in Bergen, Norway. This includes Slettebakken church, Fantoft, Slettebakken and \u00d8vre Nattland with a total of 4097 inhabitants and 0.8 km\u00b2 of land, and 0.1 km\u00b2 fresh water. The area lies to the south of Tveitevannet and borders the districts of Paradis in the suburb of Fana to the South and West, and the districts of Slettebakken to the north and Nattlandsfjellet to the east (both in the suburb of \u00c5rstad). Slettebakken Church, Fantoft Studentboliger , Nattland studentby, Fantoft Stave Church, Slettebakken hovedg\u00e5rd and Fantoft Care Centre are located in the area, which includes apartment blocks and small houses. Fantoft is part of Fana prosti in The Church of Norway. Bybanen i Bergen has two stations in the area (Fantoft and Slettebakken)."], "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#4", "question": "Did this case go to court?", "rewrite": "Did the arson of Fantoft Stave Church go to court?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged in a different technique during 1600\u20131700, for instance Flesberg Stave Church were converted into cruciform church partly in log construction. According to Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire, storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. Around 1800 there were still 95 stave churches, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885 32 stave churches fell, since then only the Fantoft Stave Church has been lost. Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication when Johannes Flintoe wrote an essay in \"Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie\" (Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoes drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan \u2013 the first known architectural drawing of a stave church. It is unknown how many stave churches were constructed in Iceland and in other countries in Europe. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in Scandinavia; however, the post churches are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts. In Sweden, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the Middle Ages and were replaced. In Denmark, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them.", "Fortun Church Fortun Church () is a parish church in Luster Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fortun. The church is part of the Fortun parish in the Indre Sogn deanery in the Diocese of Bj\u00f8rgvin. The white, wooden church, which has 230 seats, was built and consecrated in 1879. The architect Erik Pedersen Rusten designed the building. The present church replaced a stave church which was built sometime between 1160 and 1180. The church was to be demolished in 1882, but consul Fredrik Georg Gade bought the building and saved it by moving it in pieces to Fantoft in Bergen in 1883. Now it is called Fantoft Stave Church. The original stave church was lost in an arson fire in 1992. Soon after, a replica was built on the same site, but virtually all of the old parts from Fortun stave church had been lost.", "Fantoft Stave Church Fantoft Stave Church (; Nynorsk: \"Fantoft stavkyrkje\") is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway. The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (\"Fortun kyrkje\") was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from in Sola. On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old \u00c5sane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft stave church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire and it took six years to build again. The reconstruction was completed in 1997. A photograph of the church's burnt shell appears on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP \"Aske\" (Norwegian for \"ashes\").", "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992. Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism. However, in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation: I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it. I was not found guilty of burning the Fantoft stave church, but anyway, that was what triggered the whole thing. That was the 6th of June and everyone linked it to Satanism ... What everyone overlooked was that on the 6th June, 793, in Lindesfarne in Britain was the site of the first known Viking raid in history, with Vikings from Hordaland, which is my county ... They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge.", "Fantoft  Fantoft is an neighborhood of the district of \u00c5rstad in Bergen, Norway. This includes Slettebakken church, Fantoft, Slettebakken and \u00d8vre Nattland with a total of 4097 inhabitants and 0.8 km\u00b2 of land, and 0.1 km\u00b2 fresh water. The area lies to the south of Tveitevannet and borders the districts of Paradis in the suburb of Fana to the South and West, and the districts of Slettebakken to the north and Nattlandsfjellet to the east (both in the suburb of \u00c5rstad). Slettebakken Church, Fantoft Studentboliger , Nattland studentby, Fantoft Stave Church, Slettebakken hovedg\u00e5rd and Fantoft Care Centre are located in the area, which includes apartment blocks and small houses. Fantoft is part of Fana prosti in The Church of Norway. Bybanen i Bergen has two stations in the area (Fantoft and Slettebakken)."], "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#5", "question": "What happened in the other cases?", "rewrite": "What happened in the other stave church arsons aside from Fantoft Stave Church?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged in a different technique during 1600\u20131700, for instance Flesberg Stave Church were converted into cruciform church partly in log construction. According to Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire, storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. Around 1800 there were still 95 stave churches, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885 32 stave churches fell, since then only the Fantoft Stave Church has been lost. Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication when Johannes Flintoe wrote an essay in \"Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie\" (Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoes drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan \u2013 the first known architectural drawing of a stave church. It is unknown how many stave churches were constructed in Iceland and in other countries in Europe. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in Scandinavia; however, the post churches are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts. In Sweden, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the Middle Ages and were replaced. In Denmark, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them.", "Fantoft Stave Church Fantoft Stave Church (; Nynorsk: \"Fantoft stavkyrkje\") is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway. The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (\"Fortun kyrkje\") was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from in Sola. On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old \u00c5sane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft stave church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire and it took six years to build again. The reconstruction was completed in 1997. A photograph of the church's burnt shell appears on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP \"Aske\" (Norwegian for \"ashes\").", "V\u00e5g\u00e5 Church for instance was largely built by materials from the previous stave church on the site. Building materials and interior decorations were often reused in new churches. In 1782 some wood beams from the dismantled stave church were used in the new Norddal Church built on same site. In Norddal Church there is also an altarpiece from around 1510 and a baroque 17th century pulpit previously used in the demolished stave church. For traditional wood construction, the best quality wood was obtained by cutting the top of pinetrees then letting the log accumulate resin for a couple of years. Fire is a hazard in wood churches. For instance in the Grue Church fire more than 100 persons died making it the biggest fire disaster recorded in Norway. Some fires have been intentional, notably the destruction of \u00c5sane Old Church of the original Fantoft Stave Church \u2013 both later rebuilt as replicas. The original Meldal Church from 1651 burned down in 1981 and the new church copied the style of the original. In 2011 the \u00d8stre Porsgrunn Church, once one of Norway's largest wooden churches, was completely destroyed by fire, and reconstruction versus modern church is an ongoing debate. Since 1980 more than 28 church buildings have been destroyed by fire, these were often rebuilt in fire proof brick or concrete. Some 157 stone churches from the Middle Ages still exist. The early 12th century stone churches built in Norway's political and business centres implied the introduction of masonry work. Residential stone buildings are unknown until the 13th century and private masonry buildings were generally not constructed in the rural areas. Old stone churches were usually built from naturally occurring stones or stones cut in local quarries. Lime mortar was used to bind stones in these old constructions. Soapstone is a common building material, notably in Nidaros Cathedral as well as St Mary's Church, Bergen and in sorts of decorations that required great detail.", "Fortun Church Fortun Church () is a parish church in Luster Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fortun. The church is part of the Fortun parish in the Indre Sogn deanery in the Diocese of Bj\u00f8rgvin. The white, wooden church, which has 230 seats, was built and consecrated in 1879. The architect Erik Pedersen Rusten designed the building. The present church replaced a stave church which was built sometime between 1160 and 1180. The church was to be demolished in 1882, but consul Fredrik Georg Gade bought the building and saved it by moving it in pieces to Fantoft in Bergen in 1883. Now it is called Fantoft Stave Church. The original stave church was lost in an arson fire in 1992. Soon after, a replica was built on the same site, but virtually all of the old parts from Fortun stave church had been lost.", "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992. Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism. However, in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation: I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it. I was not found guilty of burning the Fantoft stave church, but anyway, that was what triggered the whole thing. That was the 6th of June and everyone linked it to Satanism ... What everyone overlooked was that on the 6th June, 793, in Lindesfarne in Britain was the site of the first known Viking raid in history, with Vikings from Hordaland, which is my county ... They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge."], "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#6", "question": "Was he accused in any of these other cases?", "rewrite": "Was Varg Vikernes accused in any of the other major stave churches in addition to Fantoft Stave Church?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned to the ground by arson. By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992. Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases: the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism. However, in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation: I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it. I was not found guilty of burning the Fantoft stave church, but anyway, that was what triggered the whole thing. That was the 6th of June and everyone linked it to Satanism ... What everyone overlooked was that on the 6th June, 793, in Lindesfarne in Britain was the site of the first known Viking raid in history, with Vikings from Hordaland, which is my county ... They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge.", "In 1992 and 1993, members of the group became connected with a series of crimes, starting with the arson of the Fantoft stave church on June 6, 1992, although the book mentions that there had previously been a \"small, ineffectual fire at Storeveit Church\". Church arsons continued but with a steady decline up until 1995. (The cover of \"Lords of Chaos\" shows a \"19th-century Swedish church in flames\".) An interview in a Norwegian newspaper given by Burzum founder Varg \"Count Grishnackh\" Vikernes, also a member of the Helvete group, leads to a media outrage condemning the arsons as acts of Satanism. On August 21, 1992, B\u00e5rd \"Faust\" Eithun of the band Emperor murdered a homosexual man in the Olympic Park in Lillehammer. He was subsequently convicted of this crime and sentenced to 14 years in prison (of which he served nine before being released in 2003). On August 10, 1993, Aarseth was murdered by Vikernes, who received a 21-year sentence for the murder and several cases of arson related to the church burnings. The book also mentions other cases of \"Satanic\" murderers, such as that of Sandro Beyer by members of the German National Socialist black metal band Absurd and Caleb Fairley in the USA. It also devotes several pages to the case of a self-styled teen militia named \"Lords of Chaos\" that perpetrated murder and arson in Fort Myers, Florida, in April 1996, but does not mention why the title \"Lords of Chaos\" was chosen for the book. Interview passages with Varg Vikernes are spread out through several sections of the book.", "Fantoft Stave Church Fantoft Stave Church (; Nynorsk: \"Fantoft stavkyrkje\") is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway. The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (\"Fortun kyrkje\") was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from in Sola. On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old \u00c5sane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft stave church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overthrow the whole case. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire and it took six years to build again. The reconstruction was completed in 1997. A photograph of the church's burnt shell appears on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP \"Aske\" (Norwegian for \"ashes\").", "He was interested in totalitarian communist states and said he wished to see people \"rot under communist dictatorship\". However, apart from Varg Vikernes, the scene was largely non-political. In 1992, members of the Norwegian black metal scene began a wave of arson attacks on Christian churches. By 1996, there had been at least 50 attacks in Norway; in every case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans. Some of the buildings were hundreds of years old and seen as important historical landmarks. The first was Norway's Fantoft stave church, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe Varg Vikernes of Burzum was responsible. The cover of Burzum's EP \"Aske\" (\"ashes\") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down Holmenkollen Chapel, Skjold Church and \u00c5sane Church. In addition, he was found guilty for an attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives. To coincide with the release of Mayhem's \"De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas\", Vikernes and Euronymous had allegedly plotted to bomb Nidaros Cathedral, which appears on the album cover. The musicians Samoth, Faust and J\u00f8rn Inge Tunsberg were also convicted for church arsons. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic \"retaliation\" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on mosques and Hindu temples, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community.", "Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged in a different technique during 1600\u20131700, for instance Flesberg Stave Church were converted into cruciform church partly in log construction. According to Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire, storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. Around 1800 there were still 95 stave churches, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885 32 stave churches fell, since then only the Fantoft Stave Church has been lost. Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication when Johannes Flintoe wrote an essay in \"Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie\" (Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoes drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan \u2013 the first known architectural drawing of a stave church. It is unknown how many stave churches were constructed in Iceland and in other countries in Europe. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in Scandinavia; however, the post churches are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts. In Sweden, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the Middle Ages and were replaced. In Denmark, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them."], "answer": {"text": "the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo.", "answer_start": 333}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the other cases?", "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#7", "question": "was he ever convicted?", "rewrite": "Was Vikernes ever convicted?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "His body was found outside the apartment with twenty-three cut wounds -- two to the head, five to the neck and sixteen to the back. Vikernes claims that Euronymous had plotted to torture him to death and videotape the event, using a meeting about an unsigned contract as a pretext. On the night of the murder, Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract and \"tell him to fuck off\", but that Euronymous attacked him first. Additionally, Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. Vikernes was arrested within days, and a few months later he was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and church arsons; he was released from prison in 2009. Blackthorn, who waited for Vikernes downstairs and took no part in Aarseth's murder, was charged with complicity in murder and sentenced to serve 8 years in prison. With only Hellhammer remaining, Mayhem effectively ceased to exist. In May 1994, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas was released and dedicated to Euronymous. Its release had been delayed due to complaints filed by Euronymous' parents, who had objected to the presence of bass guitar parts played by Vikernes. According to Vikernes himself, Hellhammer assured Aarseth's parents that he would re-record the bass tracks himself; being unable to play bass guitar, Hellhammer left the bass tracks unchanged, and so the album features Vikernes as effective bassist .", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed."], "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the other cases?", "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he accused in any of these other cases?", "answer": {"text": "the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo.", "answer_start": 333, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#8", "question": "How did he attempt to defend himself?", "rewrite": "How did Vikernes attempt to defend himself?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "His body was found outside the apartment with twenty-three cut wounds -- two to the head, five to the neck and sixteen to the back. Vikernes claims that Euronymous had plotted to torture him to death and videotape the event, using a meeting about an unsigned contract as a pretext. On the night of the murder, Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract and \"tell him to fuck off\", but that Euronymous attacked him first. Additionally, Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. Vikernes was arrested within days, and a few months later he was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and church arsons; he was released from prison in 2009. Blackthorn, who waited for Vikernes downstairs and took no part in Aarseth's murder, was charged with complicity in murder and sentenced to serve 8 years in prison. With only Hellhammer remaining, Mayhem effectively ceased to exist. In May 1994, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas was released and dedicated to Euronymous. Its release had been delayed due to complaints filed by Euronymous' parents, who had objected to the presence of bass guitar parts played by Vikernes. According to Vikernes himself, Hellhammer assured Aarseth's parents that he would re-record the bass tracks himself; being unable to play bass guitar, Hellhammer left the bass tracks unchanged, and so the album features Vikernes as effective bassist .", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death."], "answer": {"text": "I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it.", "answer_start": 946}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the other cases?", "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he accused in any of these other cases?", "answer": {"text": "the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo.", "answer_start": 333, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he ever convicted?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#9", "question": "What else did he have to say about the church burnings?", "rewrite": "What else did Vikernes have to say about the church arsons aside from his defense?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His body was found outside the apartment with twenty-three cut wounds -- two to the head, five to the neck and sixteen to the back. Vikernes claims that Euronymous had plotted to torture him to death and videotape the event, using a meeting about an unsigned contract as a pretext. On the night of the murder, Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract and \"tell him to fuck off\", but that Euronymous attacked him first. Additionally, Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. Vikernes was arrested within days, and a few months later he was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and church arsons; he was released from prison in 2009. Blackthorn, who waited for Vikernes downstairs and took no part in Aarseth's murder, was charged with complicity in murder and sentenced to serve 8 years in prison. With only Hellhammer remaining, Mayhem effectively ceased to exist. In May 1994, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas was released and dedicated to Euronymous. Its release had been delayed due to complaints filed by Euronymous' parents, who had objected to the presence of bass guitar parts played by Vikernes. According to Vikernes himself, Hellhammer assured Aarseth's parents that he would re-record the bass tracks himself; being unable to play bass guitar, Hellhammer left the bass tracks unchanged, and so the album features Vikernes as effective bassist .", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "In 1992 and 1993, members of the group became connected with a series of crimes, starting with the arson of the Fantoft stave church on June 6, 1992, although the book mentions that there had previously been a \"small, ineffectual fire at Storeveit Church\". Church arsons continued but with a steady decline up until 1995. (The cover of \"Lords of Chaos\" shows a \"19th-century Swedish church in flames\".) An interview in a Norwegian newspaper given by Burzum founder Varg \"Count Grishnackh\" Vikernes, also a member of the Helvete group, leads to a media outrage condemning the arsons as acts of Satanism. On August 21, 1992, B\u00e5rd \"Faust\" Eithun of the band Emperor murdered a homosexual man in the Olympic Park in Lillehammer. He was subsequently convicted of this crime and sentenced to 14 years in prison (of which he served nine before being released in 2003). On August 10, 1993, Aarseth was murdered by Vikernes, who received a 21-year sentence for the murder and several cases of arson related to the church burnings. The book also mentions other cases of \"Satanic\" murderers, such as that of Sandro Beyer by members of the German National Socialist black metal band Absurd and Caleb Fairley in the USA. It also devotes several pages to the case of a self-styled teen militia named \"Lords of Chaos\" that perpetrated murder and arson in Fort Myers, Florida, in April 1996, but does not mention why the title \"Lords of Chaos\" was chosen for the book. Interview passages with Varg Vikernes are spread out through several sections of the book.", "Hvis lyset tar oss Hvis lyset tar oss (Norwegian for \"If the Light Takes Us\") is the third studio album by Norwegian black metal solo project Burzum. It was recorded in September 1992, but was not released until April 1994, whereupon it was released through Misanthropy Records and Vikernes' own record label, Cymophane Productions. The album is considered a cult classic within the black metal scene. Varg Vikernes recorded the first four Burzum albums between January 1992 and March 1993 at the Grieg Hall in Bergen. However, the releases were spread out, with many months between the recording and the release of each album. During this time, Vikernes became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and befriended Mayhem guitarist Euronymous. The two developed a feud that culminated in Vikernes stabbing Euronymous to death in his apartment building in Oslo in August 1993. He was arrested a few days later and, in May 1994, was sentenced to 21 years (the maximum sentence in Norway) in prison for murder and several church arsons. The album cover features a drawing by 19th century artist Theodor Kittelsen named \"\". Vikernes dedicated the album to Fenriz of fellow Norwegian black metal band Darkthrone and \"Demonas\", possibly referring to Demonaz from Norwegian black metal band Immortal. Promotional copies sent to fanzines included the song \"Et hvitt lys over skogen\" (Norwegian for \"A White Light Over the Forest\") instead of \"Tomhet\". \" Et hvitt lys over skogen\" later appeared on the 1998 compilation album \"Presumed Guilty\". According to Vikernes, \"Hvis lyset tar oss\" is a concept album, about:  [...]", "The cover of Burzum's EP \"Aske\" (\"ashes\") is a photograph of the destroyed church. In May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down Holmenkollen Chapel, Skjold Church and \u00c5sane Church. To coincide with the release of Mayhem's \"De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas\", Vikernes and Euronymous had also allegedly plotted to bomb Nidaros Cathedral, which appears on the album cover. The musicians Faust, Samoth, (both of Emperor) and J\u00f8rn Inge Tunsberg (of Hades Almighty) were also convicted for church arsons. Members of the Swedish scene started to burn churches in 1993. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic \"retaliation\" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on mosques and Hindu temples, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community. Many, such as Infernus and Gaahl of Gorgoroth, continue to praise the church burnings, with the latter saying \"there should have been more of them, and there will be more of them\". Others, such as Necrobutcher and Kjetil Manheim of Mayhem and Abbath of Immortal, see the church burnings as having been futile. Manheim claimed that many arsons were \"just people trying to gain acceptance\" within the black metal scene. Watain vocalist Erik Danielsson respected the attacks, but said of those responsible: \"the only Christianity they defeated was the last piece of Christianity within themselves. Which is a very good beginning, of course\". In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes."], "answer": {"text": "They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge.", "answer_start": 1427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the other cases?", "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he accused in any of these other cases?", "answer": {"text": "the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo.", "answer_start": 333, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he ever convicted?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he attempt to defend himself?", "answer": {"text": "I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it.", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_1_q#10", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article in addition to revenge by the Christians?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "VideoGamer.com's Wesley Yin-Poole called his relationship with Lightning and Hope, and the way he coped with Serah's fate, one of the most interesting aspects of the original game. Aside from his appearance in the \"XIII\" games, the character was featured in the rhythm game \"Theatrhythm Final Fantasy\" as a subcharacter representing \"Final Fantasy XIII\", and his outfit from that game was featured as an optional character costume in \"\" along with Lightning's Guardian Corps uniform. Snow is voiced by Troy Baker in English and by Daisuke Ono in Japanese. is a 14-year-old boy who is an exile at the start of \"Final Fantasy XIII\". At the beginning of the game, Hope and his mother Nora, on vacation in the town of Bodhum, are selected for the Purge. Under Snow's leadership, Nora joins the resistance in the Hanging Edge, but falls to her death during the battle while trying to protect Hope and after saving Snow's life, which angers Hope greatly. After he becomes a l'Cie, and being separated from the main party, Hope follows Lightning to \"toughen up\" while plotting his assassination attempt on Snow for revenge. Despite Lightning's objections, Hope tries to kill Snow once he gets him alone, but after coming to the realization that he had just been blaming Snow to cope with his mother's death, they settle their differences. When Hope returns home to his father, Bartholomew, he tells him what happened to Nora and repairs their relationship. When on Gran Pulse, he tells the others to leave him, afraid they will get hurt because of him, but inadvertently summons his Eidolon Alexander.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Other new depictions include St. Faustina, Cardinala Stefan Wyszynski and August Hlond and Pope John Paul II were added to reflect Saintly cults popular among today's Polish community. The parish obtained relics of St. Gianna Beretta Molla, Karolina K\u00f3zka and Padre Pio for adoration by parishioners. Casimir Sztuczko CSC, the long-time pastor of Holy Trinity who oversaw the building of the present church, wished to have an area set aside to venerate the holy relics of saints and the beatified. The result is one of the most distinctive and interesting aspects of Holy Trinity, the so-called \"catacombs\", inspired by the underground cemetery meeting places where early Christians met while the religion was still illegal in the Roman Empire. The catacombs are found beneath the area formerly occupied by the lower church, and consist of a winding path lined with niches containing saintly relics leading up to the chamber containing the grave of Christ. This was the first area of the church restored during the centennial renovation campaign, as it had become dilapidated over the years, particularly during the period when the parish was marked for liquidation. The parish obtained relics of new saints and a collection of stones from Biblical sites in the Holy Land. The 'catacombs' are open on Sundays after Masses and during the liturgical season of Lent. Relics of the following saints are found in the catacombs, a number of which are represented by more than one reliquary:"], "answer": {"text": "The point is that all these churches [i.e. church burnings] are linked to one person", "answer_start": 348}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Varg Vikernes commit any arson?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first case?", "answer": {"text": "On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church, dating from the 12th century and considered architecturally significant, was burned", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he burn it?", "answer": {"text": "At the time, claims were made by media outlets that Vikernes was associated with theistic Satanism.", "answer_start": 687, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other claims or comments made about this case?", "answer": {"text": "in an interview with Michael Moynihan, Vikernes made a statement about the church burnings that hints at a heathen rather than a Satanist motivation:", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this case go to court?", "answer": {"text": "He was also charged with the arson of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors found him not guilty.", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the other cases?", "answer": {"text": "By January 1993, arson attacks had occurred on at least seven other major stave churches, including one on Christmas Eve of 1992.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he accused in any of these other cases?", "answer": {"text": "the arson and attempted arson of Asane Church and Storetveit Church, respectively, in Bergen, the arson of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the arson of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo.", "answer_start": 333, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he ever convicted?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes was found guilty of several of these cases:", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he attempt to defend himself?", "answer": {"text": "I am not going to say that I burnt any churches. But let me put it this way: There was one person who started it.", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he have to say about the church burnings?", "answer": {"text": "They [the Christians] desecrated our graves, our burial mounds, so it's revenge.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#0", "question": "What is bergens tidende?", "rewrite": "What is bergens tidende?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["virtous Ragnhild Hemsing, premiere at the Bergen International Festival. In 2008 Hanseg\u00e5rd was censored by the Roman Catholic Church in Naples for his non conventional interpretation of Peer Gynt, NRK: Bukkerittet. In the years 2005 to 2007 Hanseg\u00e5rd directed \"Undergrunnsfargo\", \"Isolations\", \"Laus\", \"Kruk\", \"The snuff grinders\" and \"Bastard\". He also participated in \"Dansefeber\", the Norwegian version of \"So You Think You Can Dance\", in 2006. In 2008, his dancing was digitalized for the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) . \u201cWildly Inventive, thrilling performance.\u201d National Geographic \u201cMaybe the most outstanding and inspiring artist at Bergen International Festival\u2026\u201d Bergens Tidende \u201cNew-thinking choreographer with a strong will to do his own thing and blessedly uninhibited as far as exceeding boundaries is concerned\u201d Dance critic Karen Fr\u00f8sland Nyst\u00f8yl, The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation \u201cNatural talent.\u201d Sidsel Pape, free-Lancer dance critic \u201cAbout to obtain a solid name in the world of dance \u2013 well deserved!\u201d Nordlys \u201cHallgrim Hanseg\u00e5rd brings to contemporary dance a fresh and slightly rough expression.. Innovative, playful and experimental.\u201d Dance critic Silje Birgitte Folkedal, Bergens Tidende Hanseg\u00e5rd has been the recipient of several awards:", "Bergens Tidende Bergens Tidende is Norway's fifth-largest newspaper, and the country's largest newspaper outside Oslo. \"Bergens Tidende\" is owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norwegian owners held a mere 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015. Bergens Tidende is thus foreign-owned. Founded in 1868, \"Bergens Tidende\" is based in Bergen. The newspaper is published in two sections. Section one contains op-eds, general news, sports, and weather. Section two contains culture, views, local news, and television listings. The feature magazine \"BTMagasinet\" is published on Saturdays. \"Bergens Tidende\" is owned by the public company Schibsted, which also owns \"Aftenposten\", \"Stavanger Aftenblad\", and \"F\u00e6drelandsvennen\". At least 30% of the shares of Schibsted are owned by foreign investment banks and insurance companies, such as Goldman Sachs. The paper began to be published in tabloid format in 2006. The paper was awarded the European Newspaper of the Year in the regional newspaper category by the European Newspapers Congress in 2011. In 2005 \"Bergens Tidende\" reached about 260,000 readers every day, mainly in the counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane. Circulation numbers peaked at 100,000 copies in 1988. Its circulation was about 87,000 copies in 2007. In 2008 the paper had a circulation of 85,825 copies, and later dropped to 70,220 copies by 2015. The website of \"Bergens Tidende\" is bt.no. Until 2009, the newspaper broadcast on BTV (formerly TV Hordaland), but service was taken off air and incorporated into bt.no.", "Bergen Labour Party tried to run a newspaper called \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" formerly, but it only existed from 11 April 1924 till October 1924. In 1927, the Social Democratic Labour Party reconciled with the Labour Party, and the two parties again became one. At the same time, a new newspaper \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" was founded on the base of \"Bergens Social-Demokrat\". 1927 is considered the official founding year of BA. The seven men commissioned to start the newspaper, also started the new Labour Party of Bergen, called Bergens Forenede Arbeiderparti. Three years later, they had bigger circulation than Arbeidet. Arbeidet closed in 1948. \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" eventually became larger than \"Arbeidet\", and instead started competing with \"Bergens Tidende\", which was dominant in the city. \" Bergens Arbeiderblad\" was stopped by the Nazi authorities in February 1941 during the German occupation of Norway, chief editor Oscar Ihleb\u00e6k was sent to a German concentration camp, where he died just after the camp was liberated by the Allied forces in May 1945. It resumed operations after the war. BA added a Sunday edition in August 1990, changed name to \"Bergensavisen\" in August 1992 and started one of the first online newspapers in Norway in January 1996.", "Bergens Tidende TV  BTV was a local television station in Bergen, Norway. It was owned by the largest local newspaper in Norway, Bergens Tidende. Apart from news, the station also shows popular programs like B\u00f8ljan and Valgbar. The channel was launched as TVHordaland in 1996. Programs from TVNorge were broadcast when BTV doesn't broadcast any programs. It has transmitters in Bergen and other locations in Hordaland county.", "A compromise in 1990 with sole heiress Grace Reksten Skaugen put an end to the hunt for the hidden means: 60 million kroner were transferred, along with a health centre on Lanzarote with an estimated value of 10-12 million kroner. Though, a relatively small amount of his money was put into a trust account, for his grandchildren, in 1973. This was the result of a lawsuit between Hilmar and his daughter, Astrid. Years later allegations were made that Astrid herself was complicit with her husband, in an embezzlement scheme wherein the children never received any of the benefits from that trust income or its account and the living children were left with pennies on the dollar when they finally gained control of the funds. In 2014 Bergens Tidende said that \"No other case in Norway can be compared to the Reksten Case, says journalist and author Erling Borgen. He labels Reksten a tax cheat of international dimensions. - Paradoxically enough, Reksten was 'the people's ship owner', while he hoodwinked the people of Norway\". Among the general population of Bergen, he was well-liked. In 2014 Bergens Tidende said that \"When the Dagsrevyen reporter published a book about the Reksten Case, then 'Bergen [going] to war against Erling Borgen', wrote VG on the front page November 7, 1981\". The lord mayor in Bergen, Nils Handal, asked in 1951 Reksten to help establish Festspillene i Bergen, which were held for the first time in 1953. Reksten contributed financially and was also head of its board for five years."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#1", "question": "what was the reason for this?", "rewrite": "Why did Bergens Tidende (BT) bring the black metal scene into the media spotlight?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "National Socialist black metal  National Socialist black metal (also known as NSBM, Aryan black metal or Neo-Nazi black metal) is a political philosophy within black metal music that promotes Nazism or similar ideologies. NSBM artists typically combine neo-Nazi ideology with ethnic European paganism and opposition to foreign religions such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism. However, some artists are Satanists or occultists, rather than pagans. NSBM is not seen as a distinct genre, but as a neo-v\u00f6lkisch movement within black metal. According to Mattias Gardell, NSBM musicians see this ideology as \"a logical extension of the political and spiritual dissidence inherent in black metal\". Although there is an undercurrent of ethnic nationalism in black metal, NSBM artists are a small minority within the genre. Many NSBM artists are not very explicit with their political beliefs in the music, instead expressing their beliefs offstage. Artists who hold far-right or white nationalist beliefs but do not express these in their music are not often deemed \"NSBM\" by the greater black metal scene, but may be labelled as such in the media. Some black metal bands have also made references to Nazi Germany purely for shock value, much like some punk rock and heavy metal bands. While some black-metallers boycott NSBM artists, many are indifferent or appreciate the music without supporting the musicians. However, according to Christian Dornbusch and Hans-Peter Killguss, the writers of \"Unheilige Allianzen\", v\u00f6lkisch pagan metal and neo-Nazism are the current trends in black metal, and in turn are affecting the broader metal scene. Black metal is a style of extreme metal music.", "Bergens Tidende Bergens Tidende is Norway's fifth-largest newspaper, and the country's largest newspaper outside Oslo. \"Bergens Tidende\" is owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norwegian owners held a mere 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015. Bergens Tidende is thus foreign-owned. Founded in 1868, \"Bergens Tidende\" is based in Bergen. The newspaper is published in two sections. Section one contains op-eds, general news, sports, and weather. Section two contains culture, views, local news, and television listings. The feature magazine \"BTMagasinet\" is published on Saturdays. \"Bergens Tidende\" is owned by the public company Schibsted, which also owns \"Aftenposten\", \"Stavanger Aftenblad\", and \"F\u00e6drelandsvennen\". At least 30% of the shares of Schibsted are owned by foreign investment banks and insurance companies, such as Goldman Sachs. The paper began to be published in tabloid format in 2006. The paper was awarded the European Newspaper of the Year in the regional newspaper category by the European Newspapers Congress in 2011. In 2005 \"Bergens Tidende\" reached about 260,000 readers every day, mainly in the counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane. Circulation numbers peaked at 100,000 copies in 1988. Its circulation was about 87,000 copies in 2007. In 2008 the paper had a circulation of 85,825 copies, and later dropped to 70,220 copies by 2015. The website of \"Bergens Tidende\" is bt.no. Until 2009, the newspaper broadcast on BTV (formerly TV Hordaland), but service was taken off air and incorporated into bt.no.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "Bergen Labour Party tried to run a newspaper called \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" formerly, but it only existed from 11 April 1924 till October 1924. In 1927, the Social Democratic Labour Party reconciled with the Labour Party, and the two parties again became one. At the same time, a new newspaper \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" was founded on the base of \"Bergens Social-Demokrat\". 1927 is considered the official founding year of BA. The seven men commissioned to start the newspaper, also started the new Labour Party of Bergen, called Bergens Forenede Arbeiderparti. Three years later, they had bigger circulation than Arbeidet. Arbeidet closed in 1948. \"Bergens Arbeiderblad\" eventually became larger than \"Arbeidet\", and instead started competing with \"Bergens Tidende\", which was dominant in the city. \" Bergens Arbeiderblad\" was stopped by the Nazi authorities in February 1941 during the German occupation of Norway, chief editor Oscar Ihleb\u00e6k was sent to a German concentration camp, where he died just after the camp was liberated by the Allied forces in May 1945. It resumed operations after the war. BA added a Sunday edition in August 1990, changed name to \"Bergensavisen\" in August 1992 and started one of the first online newspapers in Norway in January 1996."], "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#2", "question": "what happened in the interview?", "rewrite": "What happened in the BT interview with Vikernes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that T\u00f8nder betrayed him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview: \"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\". He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it\". Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence. Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity: \"by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody because of that\". Norwegian magazine \"Rock Furore\" published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system: \"It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence\". He was released in March for lack of evidence.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card."], "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#3", "question": "did the meeting happen?", "rewrite": "Did the BT interview with Vikernes happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that T\u00f8nder betrayed him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview: \"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\". He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it\". Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence. Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity: \"by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody because of that\". Norwegian magazine \"Rock Furore\" published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system: \"It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence\". He was released in March for lack of evidence.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card."], "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#4", "question": "when they met what happened?", "rewrite": "What happened when the journalist met with Vikernes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that T\u00f8nder betrayed him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview: \"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\". He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it\". Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence. Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity: \"by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody because of that\". Norwegian magazine \"Rock Furore\" published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system: \"It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence\". He was released in March for lack of evidence.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death."], "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#5", "question": "did the attacks continue?", "rewrite": "Did Vikernes's attacks on churches continue?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract that night and \"tell him to fuck off\", but that Euronymous panicked and attacked him first. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust, while Necrobutcher believes Vikernes killed Euronymous due to the death threats he received from him. Necrobutcher also intended to murder Euronymous himself due to him tastelessly capitalizing on Dead's suicide. Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 and many other members of the scene were taken in for questioning around the same time. Some confessed to their crimes and implicated others. In May 1994, Vikernes was sentenced to 21 years in prison (Norway's maximum penalty) for the murder of Euronymous, the arson of four churches, and for possession of 150 kg of explosives. Two churches were burnt the day he was sentenced, \"presumably as a statement of symbolic support\". Blackthorn was sentenced to eight years in prison for being an accomplice to the murder. That month saw the release of Mayhem's album \"De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas\", which features Euronymous on guitar and Vikernes on bass guitar. Euronymous's family had asked Mayhem's drummer, Hellhammer, to remove the bass tracks recorded by Vikernes, but Hellhammer said: \"I thought it was appropriate that the murderer and victim were on the same record\". Vikernes was released from prison in 2009. There was a strong rivalry between Norwegian black metal and Swedish death metal scenes. Fenriz and Tchort have noted that Norwegian black metal musicians had become \"fed up with the whole death metal scene\" and that \"death metal was very uncool in Oslo\" at the time.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete."], "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#6", "question": "was the interview published?", "rewrite": "Was the BT interview with Vikernes published?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that T\u00f8nder betrayed him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview: \"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\". He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it\". Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence. Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity: \"by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody because of that\". Norwegian magazine \"Rock Furore\" published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system: \"It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to use violence\". He was released in March for lack of evidence."], "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#7", "question": "what was the reaction to the article?", "rewrite": "What was the public's reaction to the BT article with Vikernes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "His body was found outside the apartment with twenty-three cut wounds -- two to the head, five to the neck and sixteen to the back. Vikernes claims that Euronymous had plotted to torture him to death and videotape the event, using a meeting about an unsigned contract as a pretext. On the night of the murder, Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract and \"tell him to fuck off\", but that Euronymous attacked him first. Additionally, Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. Vikernes was arrested within days, and a few months later he was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and church arsons; he was released from prison in 2009. Blackthorn, who waited for Vikernes downstairs and took no part in Aarseth's murder, was charged with complicity in murder and sentenced to serve 8 years in prison. With only Hellhammer remaining, Mayhem effectively ceased to exist. In May 1994, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas was released and dedicated to Euronymous. Its release had been delayed due to complaints filed by Euronymous' parents, who had objected to the presence of bass guitar parts played by Vikernes. According to Vikernes himself, Hellhammer assured Aarseth's parents that he would re-record the bass tracks himself; being unable to play bass guitar, Hellhammer left the bass tracks unchanged, and so the album features Vikernes as effective bassist ."], "answer": {"text": "According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal", "answer_start": 1495}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the interview published?", "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#8", "question": "did vikernes say anything else about the article?", "rewrite": "Did Vikernes say anything else about the article with BT besides his controversial church-burning statements?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "\" They postulate that only in retrospect did Vikernes \"cloak his actions in an O\u00f0inic garb and claim the motivation of an attempt to restore Norse paganism for his church burning\". While in prison, Vikernes released the book \"Vargsm\u00e5l\", which Trafford and Pluskowski call an echoing of the \"H\u00e1vam\u00e1l,\" though with \"an eye on \"Mein Kampf\"\". According to Trafford and Pluskowski, \"proving both that it is not just the early medieval past to which he looks for inspiration, and that he will use any historical weapon at his disposal to offend Norwegian liberal opinion, it is notable that he has recently added the name Quisling to his own, and is even attempting to claim some sort of kinship to the wartime collaborator\". Vikernes himself has connected the church burnings to an idea of resurgent Viking paganism. The first such burning, that of Fantoft Church on June 6, 1992, was thought by many to be related to Satanism, since the burning occurred on the sixth day of the week, on day six of the sixth month and was thus a reference to the Number of the Beast. Vikernes contends that the date June 6 was really picked because the first recorded Viking raid (upon Lindisfarne) occurred, according to Vikernes, on June 6, 793. Quorthon acknowledged that nationalist elements had always been present in the Viking metal scene, and, in the early 1990s, these elements hardened into explicit racism and anti-Semitism, particularly among Heathen adherents. However, by the late 1990s, Viking metal pulled back from the neo-Nazi direction toward which it was headed, once many musicians from the Oslo scene died or were jailed. Besides Bathory, Enslaved, and Burzum, several other artists are credited as pioneers of the style.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "Filosofem  Filosofem (Norwegian for \"Philosopheme\") is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal solo project Burzum. It was recorded in March 1993 and was the last recording before Varg Vikernes' imprisonment (16 May 1994); the album was not released until January 1996, however. A music video was made for the song \"Dunkelheit\" and received airtime on both MTV and VH1. The album is noted for its experimental sound when compared to most other second wave black metal (see music and artwork section). Vikernes considered the release an \"anti-trend album\". Varg Vikernes recorded the first four Burzum albums between January 1992 and March 1993 at the Grieg Hall in Bergen. However, the releases were spread out, with many months between the recording and the release of each album. During this time, Vikernes became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and met Mayhem guitarist Euronymous. He also allegedly took part in burning down four churches, along with other members of the scene. In August 1993, Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death outside his apartment in Oslo. He was arrested a few days later and, in May 1994, was sentenced to 21 years in prison for both the murder and the church arson. The opening track on \"Filosofem\", \"Burzum\", was the first song Vikernes wrote as Burzum. It had been recorded in September 1992 for the \"Hvis lyset tar oss\" album, but Vikernes was unhappy with it and re-recorded it for this album six months later.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives."], "answer": {"text": "\"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we [...] had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\".", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the interview published?", "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reaction to the article?", "answer": {"text": "According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#9", "question": "did he say more about it?", "rewrite": "Did Vikernes say anything more about the article with BT?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives."], "answer": {"text": "Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and [...] published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it.\"", "answer_start": 329}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the interview published?", "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reaction to the article?", "answer": {"text": "According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did vikernes say anything else about the article?", "answer": {"text": "\"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we [...] had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\".", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#10", "question": "were there any consequences as a result of the article?", "rewrite": "Were there any consequences as a result of Vikernes's article with BT?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete."], "answer": {"text": "the interview had \"grave consequences\" for the rest of the scene and that they did not know he was going to talk to the press, as \"he had said nothing\".", "answer_start": 665}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the interview published?", "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reaction to the article?", "answer": {"text": "According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did vikernes say anything else about the article?", "answer": {"text": "\"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we [...] had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\".", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he say more about it?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and [...] published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it.\"", "answer_start": 329, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_79838e4fce63478fae5bae6e38aff6c1_0_q#11", "question": "do they elaborate on the consequences?", "rewrite": "What were the consequences as a result of Vikernes's article with BT?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene. According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was \"in the wrong place at the wrong time\". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, \"I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Oystein\". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a \"defense [...] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]\". Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993 in Bergen. Many other members of the scene, including Blackthorn and Faust, were also taken in for questioning. The trial began on 2 May 1994. At the trial it was claimed that he, Blackthorn and another friend had planned the murder. The third person stayed at the apartment in Bergen as an alibi. To make it look like they never left Bergen, he was to rent films, play them in the apartment, and withdraw money from Vikernes' credit card.", "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh', with help from the friends. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and devilry [...] that is why we are telling this to Bergens Tidende.\" They gave the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so BT spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tonder \"snitched\" on him. According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal and get more customers for Helvete.", "Satan rir media Satan rir media (\"Satan Rides the Media\") is a 1998 Norwegian documentary by Torstein Grude. The film covers the controversy that surrounded black metal musician Varg Vikernes in the early 1990s, who not only has been tied to a series of church arsons in Norway, but received widespread media attention for the murder of Mayhem band member \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth. According to \"Satan rir media\", two (unnamed) trainee journalists had approached the \"Bergens Tidende\" (BT), a major Norwegian newspaper, with a story they had done with Vikernes. This story mentioned the torching of churches and a murder which attracted the interest a crime journalist. He persuaded the two to show him the man and eventually met Vikernes, describing him in the documentary as the \"weirdest person I think I have ever met in my life\". The journalist conducted an interview with Vikernes and promised him full anonymity. According to Vikernes the journalist claimed he needed a photo of Vikernes in order to prove to his colleagues that the interview was real, but that this photo would never be used in the newspaper. The night before the article was published in the newspaper, Vikernes was arrested. The journalist then went to see if he could confirm the facts independently with hospital and law enforcement. While making several phone calls, the journalist insists he protected the anonymity of his source. However, Vikernes was convinced that the journalist gave information to the police and misrepresented his words in the published article. In the film Svein Erik Krogvold, the main police investigator in the case, said that police got the name directly from the journalist and thus could initiate an arrest of Vikernes. Vikernes was arrested the day the article was printed.", "However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003. In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, \"Bergens Tidende\" (\"BT\"), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, 'Count Grishnackh' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. \"BT\" journalist Finn Bj\u00f8rn T\u00f8nder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh'. The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said: \"Our intention is to spread fear and evil\". They told the journalists details about the arsons that hadn't been released to the press and so \"BT\" spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the \"BT\". It was headlined \"\"Vi tente p\u00e5 kirkene\"\" (\"we set the churches on fire\") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, and between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Toyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds - two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media. It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at \"outdoing\" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: \"If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me\". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous \"panicked\" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death."], "answer": {"text": "He added that they became \"bloody angry\" and he, Tunsberg, was \"pissed off\".", "answer_start": 818}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is bergens tidende?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers, Bergens Tidende (BT), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reason for this?", "answer": {"text": "Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in the interview?", "answer": {"text": "' (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. BT journalist Finn Bjorn Tonder set up a meeting with 'Count Grishnackh',", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the meeting happen?", "answer": {"text": "journalists were summoned to an apartment and reportedly warned that they would be shot if the police were called. There,", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when they met what happened?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it, and said that the attacks would continue.", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the attacks continue?", "answer": {"text": "by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested.", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the interview published?", "answer": {"text": "20 January as the front page of the BT. It was headlined \"We Lit The Fires\" and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the reaction to the article?", "answer": {"text": "According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by himself and Euronymous. The goal, he says, was to scare people, promote black metal", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did vikernes say anything else about the article?", "answer": {"text": "\"I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we [...] had a good laugh, because he didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg\".", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he say more about it?", "answer": {"text": "Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, \"the journalist edited the interview and [...] published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it.\"", "answer_start": 329, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any consequences as a result of the article?", "answer": {"text": "the interview had \"grave consequences\" for the rest of the scene and that they did not know he was going to talk to the press, as \"he had said nothing\".", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#0", "question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "rewrite": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "That didn't happen, but she came back well in our Guineas and her home work had been very good\". Despite O'Brien's predictions, Lillie Langtry was kept to a mile for her next race. She matched against older fillies and mares and started the 9/4 favourite for the Group One Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket in July. After reaching second place in the last quarter mile she faded in the closing stages and finished fifth of the eight runners behind Music Show, who won by a neck from the five-year-old mare Spacious. After an eight-week break, Lillie Langtry returned for the Group One Matron Stakes over one mile at Leopardstown on 4 September. She started at odds of 7/2 third favourite behind Music Show and Spacious, with the other runners being Bethrah, Gile Na Greine and Hen Night (winner of the listed Platinum Stakes at Cork Racecourse). After being restrained at the rear of the field by Murtagh in the early stages, she moved up into second place behind Spacious approaching the final turn. She made a sustained run in the straight, overtook Spacious in the final strides and won by a neck, with Music Show in a length and a quarter away in third. Following the filly's victory, O'Brien said \"She\u2019s always been very classy and determined. She was just about ready to come back and got very strong during her break\". Although her trainer suggested that Lillie Langtry would be aimed at contests such as the Prix de l'Opera, the filly was retired at the end of the season without racing again. Lillie Langtry was retired to become a broodmare for the Coolmore Stud. Her first foal, Kissed By Angels (foaled 9 February 2012), was a bay filly sired by Galileo.", "Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881."], "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#1", "question": "How did they meet?", "rewrite": "How did Prince meet Lillie Langtry?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "As a foal, Lillie Langtry was consigned by the Castletown Stud to the Tattersalls sales in December 2007 and was bought for 70,000 guineas by the Ashtown House Stud. In October 2008, the yearling filly returned to Tatteralls and was sold for 230,000 guineas to the bloodstock agents McKeever St. Lawrence. She subsequently entered the ownership of the Coolmore Stud organisation and was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. Like many Coolmore horses, the official details of her ownership changed from race to race: she was sometimes listed as being the property of Michael Tabor, whilst on other occasions she was described as being owned by a partnership of Tabor, Derrick Smith and Susan Magnier. She was ridden in all but one of her races by Johnny Murtagh. Lillie Langtry made her racecourse debut in six furlong maiden race at Naas Racecourse on 13 May 2009 in which she finished second to the Jim Bolger-trained Kitty Kiernan. Nineteen days later, Lillie Langtry met Kitty Kiernan again in the Group Three Fillies' Sprint Stakes over the same course and distance. After racing in fifth place, she took the lead a furlong from the finish and drew away in the closing stages to beat Kitty Kiernan \"comfortably\" by two and a half lengths. In June, LL was sent to England to contest the Albany Stakes and was made the 11/8 favourite. Ridden by Seamie Heffernan she finished second of the twenty-two runners behind the Ed Dunlop-trained Habaayib. On 6 August, Lillie Langtry was moved up in class and distance for the Group Two Debutante Stakes over seven furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse.", "Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881."], "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#2", "question": "How long did their affair last?", "rewrite": "How long did the affair between Prince and Lillie Langtry last?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881.", "That didn't happen, but she came back well in our Guineas and her home work had been very good\". Despite O'Brien's predictions, Lillie Langtry was kept to a mile for her next race. She matched against older fillies and mares and started the 9/4 favourite for the Group One Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket in July. After reaching second place in the last quarter mile she faded in the closing stages and finished fifth of the eight runners behind Music Show, who won by a neck from the five-year-old mare Spacious. After an eight-week break, Lillie Langtry returned for the Group One Matron Stakes over one mile at Leopardstown on 4 September. She started at odds of 7/2 third favourite behind Music Show and Spacious, with the other runners being Bethrah, Gile Na Greine and Hen Night (winner of the listed Platinum Stakes at Cork Racecourse). After being restrained at the rear of the field by Murtagh in the early stages, she moved up into second place behind Spacious approaching the final turn. She made a sustained run in the straight, overtook Spacious in the final strides and won by a neck, with Music Show in a length and a quarter away in third. Following the filly's victory, O'Brien said \"She\u2019s always been very classy and determined. She was just about ready to come back and got very strong during her break\". Although her trainer suggested that Lillie Langtry would be aimed at contests such as the Prix de l'Opera, the filly was retired at the end of the season without racing again. Lillie Langtry was retired to become a broodmare for the Coolmore Stud. Her first foal, Kissed By Angels (foaled 9 February 2012), was a bay filly sired by Galileo.", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):"], "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#3", "question": "Why did their affair end?", "rewrite": "Why did the affair between Prince and Lillie Langtry end?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881.", "That didn't happen, but she came back well in our Guineas and her home work had been very good\". Despite O'Brien's predictions, Lillie Langtry was kept to a mile for her next race. She matched against older fillies and mares and started the 9/4 favourite for the Group One Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket in July. After reaching second place in the last quarter mile she faded in the closing stages and finished fifth of the eight runners behind Music Show, who won by a neck from the five-year-old mare Spacious. After an eight-week break, Lillie Langtry returned for the Group One Matron Stakes over one mile at Leopardstown on 4 September. She started at odds of 7/2 third favourite behind Music Show and Spacious, with the other runners being Bethrah, Gile Na Greine and Hen Night (winner of the listed Platinum Stakes at Cork Racecourse). After being restrained at the rear of the field by Murtagh in the early stages, she moved up into second place behind Spacious approaching the final turn. She made a sustained run in the straight, overtook Spacious in the final strides and won by a neck, with Music Show in a length and a quarter away in third. Following the filly's victory, O'Brien said \"She\u2019s always been very classy and determined. She was just about ready to come back and got very strong during her break\". Although her trainer suggested that Lillie Langtry would be aimed at contests such as the Prix de l'Opera, the filly was retired at the end of the season without racing again. Lillie Langtry was retired to become a broodmare for the Coolmore Stud. Her first foal, Kissed By Angels (foaled 9 February 2012), was a bay filly sired by Galileo.", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):"], "answer": {"text": "Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended when she became pregnant,", "answer_start": 730}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did their affair last?", "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#4", "question": "Did she have affairs with anyone else?", "rewrite": "Did Lillie Langtry have affairs with anyone else, besides Prince?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "Lillie Langtry (horse) Lillie Langtry (foaled 27 February 2007) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred at a small stud in County Cork she was sold as a yearling and raced for the Coolmore organisation. As a two-year-old, she was one of the best juvenile fillies in Ireland winning three of her seven races including the Fillies' Sprint Stakes, Debutante Stakes and Tattersalls Timeform Fillies' 800 as well as finishing third in both the Albany Stakes and the Moyglare Stud Stakes. She was injured when finishing unplaced in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf. In 2010 she recorded her biggest wins when recording Group One victories in the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Matron Stakes at Leopardstown. She was retired at the end of the year with a record of five wins from eleven races. Lillie Langtry is a dark bay or brown mare with a small white star and bred in Ireland by Kevin Lynch. Her dam, Hoity Toity, was an unraced daughter of the Prix du Jockey Club winner Darshaan. Hoity Toity was a fourth-generation descendant of Noble Lassie, the dam of Vaguely Noble. Hoity Toity was bought for 50,000 guineas by Lynch and became one of only two mares kept at Lynch's Ballinahown Stud near Fermoy in County Cork. Lillie Langtry was sired by Danehill Dancer, who won the Phoenix Stakes, National Stakes and Greenham Stakes before becoming a very successful breeding stallion. His other progeny have included Choisir, Mastercraftsman, Legatissimo and Dancing Rain.", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881.", "Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry."], "answer": {"text": "she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones", "answer_start": 789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did their affair last?", "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did their affair end?", "answer": {"text": "Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended when she became pregnant,", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#5", "question": "What was the child's name?", "rewrite": "What was Lillie Langtry's child's name?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lillie Langtry (horse) Lillie Langtry (foaled 27 February 2007) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred at a small stud in County Cork she was sold as a yearling and raced for the Coolmore organisation. As a two-year-old, she was one of the best juvenile fillies in Ireland winning three of her seven races including the Fillies' Sprint Stakes, Debutante Stakes and Tattersalls Timeform Fillies' 800 as well as finishing third in both the Albany Stakes and the Moyglare Stud Stakes. She was injured when finishing unplaced in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf. In 2010 she recorded her biggest wins when recording Group One victories in the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Matron Stakes at Leopardstown. She was retired at the end of the year with a record of five wins from eleven races. Lillie Langtry is a dark bay or brown mare with a small white star and bred in Ireland by Kevin Lynch. Her dam, Hoity Toity, was an unraced daughter of the Prix du Jockey Club winner Darshaan. Hoity Toity was a fourth-generation descendant of Noble Lassie, the dam of Vaguely Noble. Hoity Toity was bought for 50,000 guineas by Lynch and became one of only two mares kept at Lynch's Ballinahown Stud near Fermoy in County Cork. Lillie Langtry was sired by Danehill Dancer, who won the Phoenix Stakes, National Stakes and Greenham Stakes before becoming a very successful breeding stallion. His other progeny have included Choisir, Mastercraftsman, Legatissimo and Dancing Rain.", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881."], "answer": {"text": "Jeanne Marie,", "answer_start": 906}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did their affair last?", "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did their affair end?", "answer": {"text": "Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended when she became pregnant,", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have affairs with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#6", "question": "Did she stay successful?", "rewrite": "Did Lillie Langtry stay successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "Lillie Langtry (horse) Lillie Langtry (foaled 27 February 2007) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred at a small stud in County Cork she was sold as a yearling and raced for the Coolmore organisation. As a two-year-old, she was one of the best juvenile fillies in Ireland winning three of her seven races including the Fillies' Sprint Stakes, Debutante Stakes and Tattersalls Timeform Fillies' 800 as well as finishing third in both the Albany Stakes and the Moyglare Stud Stakes. She was injured when finishing unplaced in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf. In 2010 she recorded her biggest wins when recording Group One victories in the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Matron Stakes at Leopardstown. She was retired at the end of the year with a record of five wins from eleven races. Lillie Langtry is a dark bay or brown mare with a small white star and bred in Ireland by Kevin Lynch. Her dam, Hoity Toity, was an unraced daughter of the Prix du Jockey Club winner Darshaan. Hoity Toity was a fourth-generation descendant of Noble Lassie, the dam of Vaguely Noble. Hoity Toity was bought for 50,000 guineas by Lynch and became one of only two mares kept at Lynch's Ballinahown Stud near Fermoy in County Cork. Lillie Langtry was sired by Danehill Dancer, who won the Phoenix Stakes, National Stakes and Greenham Stakes before becoming a very successful breeding stallion. His other progeny have included Choisir, Mastercraftsman, Legatissimo and Dancing Rain.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881."], "answer": {"text": "she went to Paris", "answer_start": 860}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did their affair last?", "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did their affair end?", "answer": {"text": "Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended when she became pregnant,", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have affairs with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the child's name?", "answer": {"text": "Jeanne Marie,", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6af1e489b6d4cc7962abc787e42f116_0_q#7", "question": "what was her occupation?", "rewrite": "what was Lillie Langtry's occupation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lillie Langtry did not appear as three-year-old until 23 May, when she contested the Irish 1000 Guineas the Curragh. She was the 11/1 sixth choice in the betting behind Music Show (Rockfel Stakes), Gile Na Greine (third in the 1000 Guineas), Lolly For Dolly (Athasi Stakes), Anna Salai (Prix de la Grotte) and Termagant. Lillie Langtry finished strongly but was not quite able to reach the lead and finished fifth in a blanket finish behind Bethrah, Anna Salai, Music Show and Remember When. On 18 June Lillie Langtry was sent to England for a third time and was made the 7/2 favourite for the Group One Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot. Music Show, Anna Salai, Famous, and Gile Na Greine were again among her rivals as well as Jacqueline Quest (disqualified \"winner\" of the 1000 Guineas), Lady of the Desert (Lowther Stakes), Sent From Heaven (Prestige Stakes), Evading Tempete (Premio Regina Elena) and Puff (Fred Darling Stakes). Murtagh settled Lillie Langtry in mid-division as Gile Na Greine set a steady pace before moving up to challenge the leader in the straight. Lillie Langtry took the lead a furlong out and won by one and quarter lengths from Gile Na Greine with Jacqueline Quest in third place. Following the filly's win O'Brien said \"We always thought she was a very good filly last year... it is a credit to everybody for getting her back\" before indicating that she would probably be moved up in distance. Murtagh commented \"She was by far our best filly last year, and going to the Breeders' Cup, I was wondering how far we were going to win by.", "However, by the time the former journalist James Brough collected information for his \"The Prince & the Lily\" (1975), it was being said that Lillie and the Prince had designed and built the Red House in Derby Road on land which belonged to Lord Derby, that they had stayed in a smaller property on the land (Derby Lodge) while the house was being built, and that when completed the initials E.L.L. and the year 1877 were carved into the inglenook fireplace in the dining room. Professor Jane Ridley, with privileged access to the Prince of Wales's diaries and other Royal Archives, states in her 2012 biography of Edward VII that there is no contemporaneous evidence that the Prince had any connection with the Red House or ever went or stayed there. The Red House is on Derby Road, and it was fabled that the area had belonged to Lord Derby, but Lord Derby owned no land in Hampshire and his family papers make no mention of Lillie Langtry or of the Red House. Lillie Langtry probably did not become the Prince's mistress until late in 1877 or early in 1878, and the initials E.L.L., which were said to be those of Emilie Le Breton Langtry, were in reality those of Emily Langton Langton. By 24 May 1877, when Lillie Langtry first met the Prince of Wales, she had already dropped the name Emilie and the monograph on her writing paper was just \"LL\", whereas Emily Langton Langton's stationery monograph was \"E.L.L.\" Although remaining friends with the Prince, Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended in June 1880 when she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones with whom she went to Paris for the birth of the child, Jeanne Marie, in March 1881.", "Edward Langtry Edward Langtry (1847-1896) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as \"a colourless sportsman\"; \"a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited\"; \"petulantly determined on his own importance... he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy\"; \"a meek, weak husband and no money\";\"uneasily complaisant husband\". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs \"The Days I Knew\" she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt \"quite like a fish out of water\" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. Other conflicting information about him originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward Langtry's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry.", "Lillie Langtry Stakes The Lillie Langtry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August. The event was established in 2003, and it was initially titled the Gladness Stakes. It was named after Gladness, a successful racehorse whose victories included the Goodwood Cup in 1958. The inaugural running was classed at Listed level. The race was renamed and promoted to Group 3 status in 2004. It was named after Lillie Langtry, a British actress who was a mistress of King Edward VII. Langtry owned Merman, the winner of the Goodwood Cup in 1899. As a woman she was not allowed to register the horse under her own name and used the pseudonym \"Mr Jersey\", a reference to her place of birth. In 1907 Langtry became Lady de Bathe when her husband succeeded to the baronetcy following the death of his father. The race was upgraded again to Group 2 status from the 2018 running. The Lillie Langtry Stakes was sponsored by Mo\u00ebt Hennessy from 2008 to 2010, and during this period it was known as the Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Fillies' Stakes. It was sponsored by BlackRock and run as the iShares Fillies' Stakes in 2011-12. In 2013 it was renamed the Blackrock Fillies' Stakes, and in 2014 it was sponsored by Sterling Insurance. From 2015 to 2017 the race was sponsored by Markel Insurance. The race is currently held on the final day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting. Most successful horse (2 wins): Leading jockey (3 wins): Leading trainer (2 wins):", "As a foal, Lillie Langtry was consigned by the Castletown Stud to the Tattersalls sales in December 2007 and was bought for 70,000 guineas by the Ashtown House Stud. In October 2008, the yearling filly returned to Tatteralls and was sold for 230,000 guineas to the bloodstock agents McKeever St. Lawrence. She subsequently entered the ownership of the Coolmore Stud organisation and was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. Like many Coolmore horses, the official details of her ownership changed from race to race: she was sometimes listed as being the property of Michael Tabor, whilst on other occasions she was described as being owned by a partnership of Tabor, Derrick Smith and Susan Magnier. She was ridden in all but one of her races by Johnny Murtagh. Lillie Langtry made her racecourse debut in six furlong maiden race at Naas Racecourse on 13 May 2009 in which she finished second to the Jim Bolger-trained Kitty Kiernan. Nineteen days later, Lillie Langtry met Kitty Kiernan again in the Group Three Fillies' Sprint Stakes over the same course and distance. After racing in fifth place, she took the lead a furlong from the finish and drew away in the closing stages to beat Kitty Kiernan \"comfortably\" by two and a half lengths. In June, LL was sent to England to contest the Albany Stakes and was made the 11/8 favourite. Ridden by Seamie Heffernan she finished second of the twenty-two runners behind the Ed Dunlop-trained Habaayib. On 6 August, Lillie Langtry was moved up in class and distance for the Group Two Debutante Stakes over seven furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse."], "answer": {"text": "affair", "answer_start": 966}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who's mistress was Lillie Langtry?", "answer": {"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 4, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet?", "answer": {"text": "seated at the other end of the table.", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did their affair last?", "answer": {"text": "had six children,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did their affair end?", "answer": {"text": "Lillie Langtry's physical relationship with him ended when she became pregnant,", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have affairs with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "she became pregnant, probably by her old friend Arthur Jones", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the child's name?", "answer": {"text": "Jeanne Marie,", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she stay successful?", "answer": {"text": "she went to Paris", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#0", "question": "what was the reception about", "rewrite": "what was the reception about", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Classical reception studies Classical reception studies is the study of how the classical world, especially Ancient Greek literature and Latin literature, have been received since antiquity. It is the study of the portrayal and representation of the ancient world from ancient to modern times. The nature of reception studies is highly interdisciplinary, including literature, art, music, and film. The field of study has, within the past few decades, become an increasingly popular and legitimized topic of interest in Classical studies. Prior to the 2000s, classical reception was not widely accepted as a genuine or rigorous discipline. This area of study was first, and historically considered a subset of the classical tradition. Before \"reception\" gained interest, the \"classical tradition\" was discussed and popularized in the 1920s. While the \"classical tradition\" mainly focuses on how and why Classics fit into the modern world, the term \"reception\" now encompasses classical traditions, with a wide range over the interplay between the cultures that draw inspiration from classical societies and the past itself. Due to the nature of classical reception, which was heavily influenced by reception theory, classical reception theory departs from the classical tradition in various ways. Tradition tends to put a premium on continuity, the simple passing down of one of one influence to another, the context that informed some earlier material. Reception, on the other hand, stresses the mediated, situated, contingent character of readings, and the concept that there is no final, correct meaning for any text. Charles Martindale, a pioneer in classical reception, stated that \"our current interpretations of ancient texts, whether or not we are aware of it, are, in complex ways, constructed by the chain of receptions through which their continued readability has been effected. As a result we cannot get back to any originary meaning wholly free of subsequent accretions.", "Reception theory Reception theory is a version of reader response literary theory that emphasizes each particular reader's reception or interpretation in making meaning from a literary text. Reception theory is generally referred to as audience reception in the analysis of communications models. In literary studies, reception theory originated from the work of Hans-Robert Jauss in the late 1960s, and the most influential work was produced during the 1970s and early 1980s in Germany and the US (Fortier 132), with some notable work done in other Western European countries. A form of reception theory has also been applied to the study of historiography. The cultural theorist Stuart Hall was one of the main proponents of reception theory, first developed in his 1973 essay 'Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse'. His approach, called the encoding/decoding model of communication, is a form of textual analysis that focuses on the scope of \"negotiation\" and \"opposition\" by the audience. This means that a \"text\"\u2014be it a book, movie, or other creative work\u2014is not simply passively accepted by the audience, but that the reader/viewer interprets the meanings of the text based on her or his individual cultural background and life experiences. In essence, the meaning of a text is not inherent within the text itself, but is created within the relationship between the text and the reader. Hall also developed a theory of encoding and decoding, Hall's theory, which focuses on the communication processes at play in texts that are in televisual form. Reception theory has since been extended to the spectators of performative events, focusing predominantly on the theatre. Susan Bennett is often credited with beginning this discourse. Reception theory has also been applied to the history and analysis of landscapes, through the work of the landscape historian John Dixon Hunt, as Hunt recognized that the survival of gardens and landscapes is largely related to their public reception.", "Port reception facilities Port reception facilities are a place that international shipping ports must provide to collect residues, oily mixtures, and garbage generated from an ocean-going vessel. contaminants generated by ships cannot be discharged directly to the ocean. According to MARPOL 73/78 they must be collected by the Port reception facilities all around the world. The Port reception facility must be able to receive dirty oil and other contaminants, and also provide quick and efficient services. In March 2006, MEPC 54 emphasized the value of reception facilities that would exceed expectations in the implementation of MARPOL, and introduced a policy of \"zero tolerance of illegal discharges from ships\" that could only be enforced when there were adequate reception facilities in ports. Therefore, the Committee urged all Parties to MARPOL, particularly port States, to fulfill their treaty obligations to provide reception facilities for wastes generated during the normal operation of ships. In October 2006, MEPC 55 approved an Action Plan to help the problems faced by port reception facilities. This was seen as a major challenge to overcome in order to achieve full compliance with MARPOL. The Plan was introduced by the Sub-Committee on Flag State Implementation (FSI) in order to better implement MARPOL and to increase environmental consciousness among shipping. A new plan to manage the waste must be found and ships must be encouraged to use the port reception facilities rather than to discharge waste anywhere in the ocean. As a response, the European Community adopted the Directive 2000/59/EC on port reception facilities with the goal of eliminating discharges of ship-generated residues into the ocean. The Directive is especially aimed at increasing the prevalence and use of port reception facilities, thereby securing a cleaner and more sustainable marine environment. These ideologies were previously addressed by the MARPOL 73/78 Convention in 1973, however Member States are still encountering difficulties in fully implementing the requirements.", "Independence Day Reception (Finland) The Independence Day Reception () is an annual event organised by the President of Finland at the Presidential Palace in Helsinki on 6 December, Finland's Independence Day. Invitations are sent out for members of parliament, communal and business representatives, and other people who distinguished themselves in the year related to arts, sports, science etc. The tradition of Independence Day Receptions began after Finnish Independence in 1919. The first afternoon reception was hosted by president K. J. St\u00e5hlberg with his daughter miss Aino St\u00e5hlberg. The reception had approximately hundred and fifty guests and lasted for an hour. Guests were offered coffee and refreshments in the Gothic hall in the Presidential Palace. The first evening reception was hosted by Mr. and Mrs. St\u00e5hlberg in 1922, when the ceremony also included traditional presidential greeting of guests, and dance. Serving of alcohol at the event started after the abolition of the Finnish prohibition law in 1934. During the reign of president Ky\u00f6sti Kallio in 1937 and 1938 there was no dancing or serving of alcohol due to prevailing religious beliefs. In the era of president J. K. Paasikivi serving of punch was started. Short films were made about the reception to be shown in movie theatres before the main feature. Reporters were let to cover the reception for the first time in 1949. The first live television broadcast from the reception was sent in 1967. Due to the influence of president Urho Kekkonen's wife Sylvi artists and writers were invited to the reception in 1966, with whom she had discussions in the Yellow salon. At largest there were up to 2300 guests participating to the Independence Day Reception. In 1968 the speciality at the reception was letkajenkka. The public was especially interested in with whom the recently widowed president Kekkonen danced with in the 1978 reception (Satu \u00d6string-Procop\u00e9).", "Jurisprudential reception In the legal theory, reception is chiefly defined as \"the transfer of a legal phenomenon 'of a different legal culture', other area or other period of time 'to a new legal climate'.\" According to Max Rheinstein term \"reception\" should preferably be preserved to those situations in which legal phenomena of one legal climate are consciously and willingly adopted into another legal system. Where there is an apparent need for a change of legal system in one culture and another existing culture provides an opportunity to satisfy the need   Veneration reception is one example which occurs if alien norms, institutes or a whole system is adopted for their venerated position and prestige of cultural background. If a legal phenomenon is imposed upon another nation by force, this is referred to as imposed legal reception, in few instances under certain conditions imposed reception may transform into a voluntary process and thus become genuine reception but usually imposed legal phenomenon would not be considered genuine legal reception. Is a process whereby a legal phenomenon transfers to another geographic area or culture together with people. A situation where a norm of another legal culture is established in a different legal climate by enacting legislation regardless of its original implementation background may also be interpreted as a mere transplantation of a legal phenomenon. Transplantation also occurs where a legal theory is taken to another geographical area. As in the case of imposed reception or voluntary reception, an original transplantation may become true reception: of course not among the group or nation which is the carrier of transplantation but among the legal culture surrounding it in the new area. The transformation of transplantation into reception is perhaps of greater significance in the history of legal science than it is in positive law. in which the spread of \"legal doctrines and theories\" plays an especially important role. It is quite clear that the spread of methods brings about the spread of their conceptual and systematic basis."], "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#1", "question": "Why did they recieve complaints?", "rewrite": "Why did BBC recieve complaints?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Celeste Cont\u00edn Celeste Cont\u00edn (born 17 February 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina. Cont\u00edn, who reached a career high singles ranking of 236 in the world, competed mostly on the ITF circuit, winning eight singles titles. She also has a career win over Justine Henin, who she beat at an ITF tournament in Spartanburg in 1998. Her career included a Fed Cup appearance for Argentina in 1998, a World Group II Play-off tie against Australia in Canberra. She played in the second singles rubber, which she lost to Nicole Pratt. On the WTA Tour, Cont\u00edn's best performance came when she won her way through to the round of the 16 at the 1999 Copa Colsanitas in Bogota, having made the main draw as a qualifier.", "Carlos Ra\u00fal Cont\u00edn Carlos Ra\u00fal Cont\u00edn (November 4, 1915 \u2013 August 8, 1991) was an Argentine politician and leader of the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR). Born in Nogoy\u00e1, Cont\u00edn enrolled in the National University of the Littoral and became a biochemist by profession. He married Nelida Biaggioni, a native of the city of G\u00e1lvez, Santa Fe Province, in 1946. Cont\u00edn campaigned from his youth for the UCR, representing the party as alderman of his city, Nogoy\u00e1, at the age of 30 years. A leader of the UCR's \"Unionist\" wing (the faction most opposed to populist leader Juan Per\u00f3n), he became prominent in the Entre Rios UCR when this faction eclipsed the pro-Per\u00f3n \"Renewal\" wing. Following Per\u00f3n's 1955 overthrow, and with a schism in the UCR during their 1956 convention, he joined the more conservative People's Radical Civic Union (UCRP). The rival Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI) won the 1958 elections with the exiled Per\u00f3n's endorsement, though Cont\u00edn was elected to the Lower House of Congress for Entre R\u00edos Province; he was reelected in 1960, but lost his seat when President Arturo Frondizi was overthrown in 1962. Ahead of new elections in 1963, Cont\u00edn was nominated as the UCRP candidate for governor of his province in a ticket with the Mayor of Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay, Teodoro Marco. The duo defeated the UCRI, securing 113,436 votes (33%), versus the latter's 94,660 (28%). The UCR returned to power in Entre R\u00edos after 20 years, having last governed the important province from 1914 to 1943.", "His government had no majority in the provincial House of Representatives, but was able to enact significant initiatives largely due to the skill of the UCRP caucus leader, C\u00e9sar Jaroslavsky. In this way, Cont\u00edn was able to resume the stalled construction of the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel that would link the city of Paran\u00e1 to Santa Fe (June 1, 1964), to create the Ministry of Social Policy, the School of Social Work, School of Nursing, the \"Editorial de Entre R\u00edos\" publishing house, power plants, 120 primary schools, and numerous new provincial roads. Overthrown, as was a fellow UCRP leader, President Arturo Illia, by the self-styled \"Revoluci\u00f3n Argentina\" coup in 1966, Contin continued to be active in his party, which had retaken control of the UCR through the leadership of Ricardo Balb\u00edn. With a renewed call for elections in 1973, Cont\u00edn joined former the Vice President under Illia and fellow Entre R\u00edos figure, Carlos Perette, as a candidate for the Argentine Senate on the UCR ticket, and though Cont\u00edn reached a runoff election, he was defeated by the Peronist candidate amid euphoria surrounding the aging Per\u00f3n's return from exile. Cont\u00edn was elected 1st Vice President of the UCR's National Committee in 1975. Following the 1981 death of the party's longtime chair, Ricardo Balb\u00edn, he then succeeded as chair of the UCR, becoming also the head of the Multiparty Movement organized with Peronists and other political forces in calling for the end of the repressive and financially profligate dictatorship installed in 1976. After the defeat of Argentina in the Falklands War in 1982, the last dictator, General Reynaldo Bignone, signalled support for prompt elections.", "Leandro Cont\u00edn Leandro Nicol\u00e1s Cont\u00edn (born 7 December 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Gimnasia y Esgrima (J), on loan from Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP). Cont\u00edn had a youth spell with Club Sol Naciente, before joining Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n side Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) in 2013. He was an unused substitute twice during the 2014 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n campaign for matches against Defensa y Justicia and San Lorenzo. Two seasons later, in 2016, Cont\u00edn made his professional debut in a home win against Quilmes on 4 April 2016. Another appearance followed versus Belgrano on 10 April, prior to Cont\u00edn scoring his first senior goal against Rosario Central on 2 May. During 2016 and 2016\u201317, Cont\u00edn scored three goals in thirteen matches. In July 2018, Cont\u00edn was loaned to the club's namesake Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) of Primera B Nacional.", "Cont\u00edn, however, lost support from the majority of UCR delegates, who shifted towards the center-left leader of the \"Movement for Renewal and Change\" faction, Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn. Alfons\u00edn had been among the few political figures of any party to publicly oppose the ill-conceived invasion, and succeeded Cont\u00edn as president of the National Committee of the UCR. Elections ultimately took place on October 30, 1983, and Alfons\u00edn was elected President of Argentina. Cont\u00edn accepted a post as Vice President of the Central Bank, though his health declined in subsequent years. His son, Carlos Alberto Cont\u00edn, served as President of the Entre R\u00edos House of Representatives from 1983 to 1985. The senior Cont\u00edn died on August 8, 1991, in Buenos Aires, during surgery; his remains rest in his hometown."], "answer": {"text": "that Frost had a \"hatred\" of the Prime Minister, which \"he finds impossible to control\".", "answer_start": 354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the reception about", "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#2", "question": "Why did frost hate the prime minister?", "rewrite": "Why did frost hate the prime minister?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of prime ministers of New Zealand by date of birth The following is a list of prime ministers of New Zealand, organised by date of birth, plus additional lists of birth related statistics. Only one date, 23 April, has been the birthday of more than one Prime Minister\u2014Frederick Whitaker and Edward Stafford. The birthday problem indicates that, on average, a birthday will be shared after about 25 Prime Ministers have served. The Whitaker\u2013Stafford birthday coincidence, the only one to date, occurred after only five distinct Prime Ministers had served. 4th Prime Minister Alfred Domett (born 20 May 1811) 5th Prime Minister Frederick Whitaker (born 23 April 1812) 9th Prime Minister Daniel Pollen (born 2 June 1813) 10th Prime Minister Harry Atkinson (born 1 November 1831) 11th Prime Minister George Grey (born 14 April 1812) 12th Prime Minister John Hall (born 18 December 1824) 14th Prime Minister John Ballance (born 27 March 1839) 18th Prime Minister Thomas Mackenzie (born 10 March 1853) 19th Prime Minister William Massey (born 26 March 1856) 20th Prime Minister Francis Bell (born 31 March 1851) 22nd Prime Minister George Forbes (born 12 March 1869) 23rd Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage (born 23 March 1872) 27th Prime Minister Walter Nash (born 12 February 1882) 31st Prime Minister Robert Muldoon (born 25 September 1921) 33rd Prime Minister Geoffrey Palmer (born 21 April 1942) 35th Prime Minister Jim Bolger (born 31 May 1935) 37th Prime Minister Helen Clark (born 26 February 1950) George III (1760\u20131820) George IV (1820\u20131830) William IV (1830\u20131837) Victoria (1837\u20131901)  Edward VII (1901\u20131910) George V (1910\u20131936) George VI (1936\u20131952) Elizabeth II (1952\u2013present) Robert FitzRoy (1843\u20131845) George Grey (1845\u20131854) (1861\u20131868) Thomas Gore Browne (1855\u20131861)", "Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden The Swedish constitution allows the Prime Minister to appoint one of the Ministers in the cabinet as deputy prime minister (, sometimes unofficially known as \"vice statsminister\"), in case the Prime Minister for some reason is prevented from performing his or her duties. If a Deputy Prime Minister has not been appointed, the Minister in the cabinet who has served the longest time (and if there are several with equal experience the one who is oldest) takes over as head of government (these are marked in \"italic\" in the table below). A Deputy Prime Minister can only serve as Prime Minister in a temporary function, as the resignation of a Prime Minister automatically includes the entire cabinet, and the Instrument of Government requires the Speaker of the Riksdag to dismiss the cabinet in the case of the death of the Prime Minister. Historically, under the 1809 Instrument of Government the Minister for Foreign Affairs (the \"second excellency\" and to date the only formal \"minister\" save for the Prime Minister, the other cabinet members' formal title being \"Councillor of State for... etc\") was to function as acting Prime Minister should the Prime Minister not be able not to perform his duties. With the enactment of the 1974 Instrument of Government and the inauguration of Thorbj\u00f6rn F\u00e4lldin's three-party cabinet in 1976, Per Ahlmark was formally sworn in as the first to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister. In 1986 Deputy Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson became acting Prime Minister for the transitional cabinet from March 1 to March 12, upon the assassination of Olof Palme, the only time the death of the Prime Minister has caused the Deputy Prime Minister to temporarily assume the office. Carlsson subsequently received the task of forming a new cabinet from the Speaker of the Riksdag.", "Deputy leaders of Israel Deputy leaders in Israel fall into three categories: Acting Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, and Vice Prime Minister. Deputy Prime Minister and Vice Prime Minister are honorary rather than official executive positions, but entitle the office-holder to a place in the cabinet. Acting Prime Ministers take the place of the Prime Minister if he or she is temporarily incapacitated, while the incumbent is still in office. If the Prime Minister is removed by impeachment, dies, or becomes permanently incapacitated, the cabinet appoints an Interim Prime Minister to serve until a new government is formed. The designated Acting Prime Minister (, \"Memaleh Mekom Rosh HaMemshala\" lit. \" Prime Minister's Place Holder\", or \"Prime Minister's stand-in\") takes the role of Prime Minister as Acting Prime Minister, for up to 100 consecutive days, if the incumbent is \"temporarily incapacitated\". Whilst in other countries the term \"Acting Prime Minister\" only refers to an individual actually performing the role, in Israel the term is also in use when a designated minister is allocated, even if they never actually perform the role. The incumbent minister must be also a Knesset member to be eligible for this role. According to the Basic law: the Government, if such a position was not held by any of the incumbent ministers, in the event of the Prime Minister being unable to fulfill their duties temporarily, the cabinet would vote to appoint one of their own members, who is a Knesset member, as Acting Prime Minister for up to 100 consecutive days. In the recently installed government of Benjamin Netanyahu, there is no designated Acting Prime Minister. Netanyahu appoints one of the Ministers from his party as Acting Prime Minister each time he is supposed to undergo a medical procedure under sedation or visits other countries.", "Acting prime minister An acting Prime Minister is a cabinet member (often in Westminster system countries) who is serving in the role of Prime Minister, whilst the individual who normally holds the position is unable to do so. The role is often performed by the Deputy Prime Minister (where that position exists), or by another senior Minister. The office is commonly used when the Prime Minister is absent from the territory of that nation, when the Prime Minister is in ill health or, on maternity leave. An acting Prime Minister should be distinguished from a caretaker Prime Minister, which refers to an outgoing Prime Minister following an electoral defeat, and who by convention does not implement new policies or an interim Prime Minister who is appointed to perform a similar role to a caretaker Prime Minister, but who is typically not a Prime Minister at the time of being appointed. Within a Commonwealth nation, the office of Acting Prime Minister, like that of Prime Minister is found only in convention, and is not legislated. The Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, or an equivalent ministry, drafts, reviews and publishes any formal conventions (though these are expressly non binding in a court of law). According to \"House of Representatives Practice\", an official publication of the Parliament of Australia, the Prime Minister of Australia \"may make temporary ministerial arrangements without reference to the Governor-General. A Minister may act for another Minister on account of absence from Australia or from the Ministry or due to ill health. The \"Acts Interpretation Act\" confers upon an Acting Minister the same power and authority with respect to the absent Minister's statutory responsibilities.\" The position of \"acting Prime Minister\" is a special case of an acting Minister, and generally occurs when the Prime Minister is travelling overseas, is on vacation, or is in ill health.", "In the early 20th century, when travel by ship was still the norm, it was not uncommon for there to be an acting Prime Minister for months on end. The deputy Prime Minister is usually designated as the acting Prime Minister, although another senior member of the government may fill the role if both the Prime Minister and deputy Prime Minister are unavailable. An acting Prime Minister is required quite frequently \u2013 for instance, between 3 December 2007 and 23 February 2009 (during Kevin Rudd's first term), Julia Gillard acted as Prime Minister on 16 separate occasions. The term \"acting Prime Minister\" is sometimes also applied to someone who is temporarily appointed Prime Minister following a death in office (more commonly called a \"caretaker Prime Minister\" or an \"interim Prime Minister\"). Examples include Frank Forde (seven days following John Curtin's death), Earle Page (19 days following Joseph Lyons' death), and John McEwen (22 days following Harold Holt's disappearance). Unlike those who merely acted in the absence of a Prime Minister, Forde, Lyons, Page and McEwen were officially commissioned by the Governor General and took the oath of office; they are considered Prime Ministers in their own right. In Canada, the Deputy Prime Minister\u2014a position that is not always in use\u2014becomes acting head of government in the event that the Prime Minister is absent from Canada or incapacitated. Prior to the creation of this position, there was one notable and brief appointment made by a Canadian Prime Minister. In February 1958, Prime Minister John Diefenbaker appointed Ellen Fairclough as acting Prime Minister for two days while he was absent from Canada. The designated Acting Prime Minister takes the role of Prime Minister as Acting Prime Minister, for up to one hundred consecutive days, if the incumbent is temporarily incapacitated."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the reception about", "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they recieve complaints?", "answer": {"text": "that Frost had a \"hatred\" of the Prime Minister, which \"he finds impossible to control\".", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#3", "question": "what else about the reception that is interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides the BBC complaints what else about the reception that is interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2004, the BBC apologised unreservedly and paid \u00a3250 in compensation to a Somerset parish council, after Clarkson damaged a 30-year-old horse-chestnut tree by driving into it to test the strength of a Toyota Hilux. In December 2006, the BBC complaints department upheld the complaint of four \"Top Gear\" viewers that Clarkson had used the phrase \"ginger beer\" (rhyming slang for \"queer\") in a derogatory manner, when Clarkson picked up on and agreed with an audience member's description of the Daihatsu Copen as being a bit \"gay\". The \"\" was criticised by the BBC Trust for glamorising drink driving in a scene showing Clarkson and James May in a vehicle, despite Clarkson saying to the camera, \"And please do not write to us about drinking and driving, because I am not driving I am sailing\" (as they were on top of international, frozen waters). They stated the scene \"was not editorially justified\" despite occurring outside the jurisdiction of any drink-driving laws. In a later incident during a \"Top Gear\" episode broadcast on 13 November 2005, Clarkson, while talking about a Mini design that might be \"quintessentially German\", made a mock Nazi salute, and made references to the Hitler regime and the German invasion of Poland by suggesting the GPS \"only goes to Poland\". In November 2008, Clarkson attracted over 500 complaints to the BBC when he joked about lorry drivers murdering prostitutes. The BBC stated the comment was a comic rebuttal of a common misconception about lorry drivers and was within the viewer's expectation of Clarkson's \"Top Gear\" persona.", "From its \"starchy\" beginnings, the BBC has also become more inclusive, and now attempts to accommodate the interests of all strata of society and all minorities, because they all pay the licence fee. Older domestic UK audiences often refer to the BBC as \"the Beeb\", a nickname originally coined by Peter Sellers on \"The Goon Show\" in the 1950s, when he referred to the \"Beeb Beeb Ceeb\". It was then borrowed, shortened and popularised by radio DJ Kenny Everett. David Bowie's recording sessions at the BBC was released as \"Bowie at the Beeb\", while Queen's recording sessions with the BBC was released as \"At the Beeb\". Another nickname, now less commonly used, is \"Auntie\", said to originate from the old-fashioned \"Auntie knows best\" attitude, or the idea of aunties and uncles who are present in the background of one's life (but possibly a reference to the \"aunties\" and \"uncles\" who presented children's programmes in the early days) in the days when John Reith, the BBC's first director general, was in charge. The term \u201cAuntie\u201d for the BBC is often credited to radio disc jockey Jack Jackson. To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the BBC the song \"Auntie\" was released in 1972. The two nicknames have also been used together as \"Auntie Beeb\". The BBC has faced various accusations regarding many topics: the Iraq war, politics, ethics and religion, as well as funding and staffing. It also has been involved in numerous controversies because of its coverage of specific news stories and programming. In October 2014, the BBC Trust issued the \"BBC complaints framework\", outlining complaints and appeals procedures. However, the regulatory oversight of the BBC may be transferred to OFCOM.", "It said the storyline before the attack made it clear violence was coming and that an announcement before the show warned. The regulator has rejected 45 complaints that an episode of the BBC1 soap broadcast on 28 August had too much physical violent. The BBC itself received 134 complaints from viewers but the BBC defended the scenes on the grounds that the violence was \"implied rather than explicit\". Last night's episode of the BBC1 soap , a viewer saw the death of character Jase Dyer, played by Stephen Lord, with one viewer complaining that his wife was \"physically sick\" while his 13-year-old son was reduced to tears. ' This was the climax of a long-running story involving Jase and his former 'firm', and we believe this was the outcome that many viewers would have been anticipating in the context of this storyline. The BBC complaints stated \"While we acknowledge that this was a particularly dramatic episode, we were very careful to make sure that any actual violence was implied rather than explicit, and it was made clear from the outset that Jase's life was in serious jeopardy,\". The viewers appreciate that some viewers found the images of Jase's dead body uncomfortable; however, in trying to fully convey Jay's loss and depth of emotion, we felt it was necessary for viewers to see what he was seeing. However the other shows had a lot of complaints so The BBC has defended violent scenes in last night's edition of EastEnders following complaints from viewers. The actress Kara Tointon said that she has found the storyline emotionally draining. She also added \"I enjoy filming the emotional scenes, though you don't realise until you get home how they turn you into a zombie\". \"Inside Soap\" asked their readers who they thought Roxy should be with out of Jase, Max Branning (Jake Wood), Deano Wicks", "She was a member of the Community Relations Commission and the BBC Complaints Commission and a BBC Governor. She served on the Longford Committee on Crime and on the Latey Committee, which led to the lowering of the age of majority to 18. In the House of Lords, she became a Deputy Speaker in 1985, and then the principal deputy chairwoman of committees. Serota was educated at John Howard Grammar School for Girls and at the LSE, where she read economics and in 1976 she became an honorary fellow. Her future husband, Stanley Serota, whose family had come from Russia, lived next door; they were married in 1942. He qualified as a civil engineer. Setota had two children. Her son Nicholas Serota was born in 1946. He later became the director of the Tate Gallery. Her daughter, Judith, was born in 1948 and later pursued a career in the arts. On 20 January 1967, she was created a life peer as Baroness Serota, of Hampstead in Greater London. In 1992 Baroness Serota was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE).", "Simon's main colleague is Boris Kemal (Lewis MacLeod), who has no problem with the morality with his job, claiming that his work is a humanitarian service, once saying, \"Give a man a fish and he can feed himself for a day. Give a man a gun and he can steal fish for the rest of his life. \" Despite his exotic name, Boris is actually a Scot who lives in Folkestone. \"Safety Catch\" has attracted controversy due to its material. One listener complained to the BBC complaints show \"Feedback\", saying that the show was, \"Morally vacuous\". However, after this complaint was broadcast, fans of the show wrote in to praise the show. In response, Howarth claimed that his aim in writing the series was just trying be funny, claiming that if the series was trying to be moral, then it would probably fail. Howarth also said that the series is not actually about the arms trade, but the life of some who works in the arms trade. The producer of \"Safety Catch\", Dawn Ellis, said that the arms trade is a subject that should not be avoided in comedy. A listener also complained about the references to Gambia being the country to which the arms are dealt, despite the fact that Gambia is one of the most peaceful countries in Africa. Howarth said that he was writing it so that Gambia was at the brink of a war, not at war, because of a recent coup d'\u00e9tat in the country. Howarth also complained about people demanding that his show should be taken off the air, claiming it was censorship."], "answer": {"text": "also attracted complaints from the Boy Scout Association,", "answer_start": 457}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the reception about", "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they recieve complaints?", "answer": {"text": "that Frost had a \"hatred\" of the Prime Minister, which \"he finds impossible to control\".", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did frost hate the prime minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#4", "question": "why did boy scouts have an issue?", "rewrite": "why did boy scouts have an issue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Order of World Scouts The Order of World Scouts (OWS), founded in 1911, is the oldest international Scouting organisation. It is headquartered in England, with the administration headquarters in Italy. As of November 2008, the Order of World Scouts includes member associations in 14 countries-the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Peru, Jamaica, as well as two associations each for Poland, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile and three associations in Mexico, Ukraine and Nepal, Uganda, Honduras and the United States (United States Trailblazers). The Order of World Scouts was formed by Sir Francis Vane upon the British Boy Scouts which had spread across the British Empire and the National Peace Scouts. The British Boy Scouts were formed in 1908 as the Battersea Boy Scouts. The Battersea Boy Scouts briefly registered with The Baden-Powell Boy Scouts in September 1908 but withdrew out of a concern that Baden-Powell's organisation was too bureaucratic and militaristic. The Battersea Boy Scouts (BBS) were reconstituted as the British Boy Scouts (BBS) and launched as a national organisation in March 1909. Sir Francis Vane had been the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts London Commissioner. He felt that Scouting should be non-military and pushed for the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts to be a more democratic organization. Through mediation, Vane reconciled the British Boy Scouts with the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts by having the British Boy Scouts as an affiliated organisation. However, Baden-Powell appointed members of the National Service League, a pro-military group to his Boy Scouts Headquarters and Vane's position was eliminated. In a protest meeting, the London area Scoutmasters voted overwhelmingly in support of Sir Francis. Baden-Powell promised to reinstate Sir Francis but never did.", "St. Enoch's affiliated their company with the Boy's Brigade Scouts in 1910. The IBS Victoria Section requested in September 1911 that the Minister of Defence allow IBS troops to undergo military cadet training under the military supervision, but were denied as being a voluntary association. The Australian Boy Scouts founded in 1910 had merged with the Imperial Boy Scouts to become Australian Imperial Boy Scouts (A.I.B.S.) by 1912. In 1912, the Gippsland Boy Scout Association was formed and affiliated with the A.I.B.S. The Church Scout Patrols ceased activities by 1912 while the League of Boy Scouts had stopped operating around 1914. Some of the Girl Peace Scouts joined the Voluntary Aid Detachments during World War I.  Baden-Powell visited Australia in 1912 and in later years (1927, 1931 and 1934) to encourage the extension of his Boy Scouts Association. Baden-Powell's scouting organization finally extended itself to Australia almost five years after founding, known as the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts in 1914 later rename to the Boy Scout's Association. Its New South Wales Section formed that year. While the League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section changes names again to Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section. Most of the remainders of the Girl Peace Scouts joined the Girl Guides in the 1920s. The Tasmanian, South Australia and West Australia Sections of the Boy Scout Association (BSA) are set up in 1920 and 1921. The Salvation Army's Life Saving Scouts start up in 1921. Norfolk Island Boy Scouts formed in 1922. A BSA Section for Victoria is set up in 1923. The Methodist Boy Scouts (W.A.) associated with Boy Scouts Association after 1924. Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section merges with the rest of the BSA. The Boys' Brigade (BB)", "Scouting and Guiding in Queensland  Scouting and Guiding in Queensland is predominantly represented by Scouts Queensland, a branch of Scouts Australia in the State of Queensland, Australia and Girl Guides Queensland, a member of Girl Guides Australia. There is a small representation of the Australian Baden-Powell Scouts' Association. CHUMS Scout Patrols started forming in Australia in 1908 due to the circulation of CHUMS publication there. R.C. Packer in 1908 supported the formation of the \"League of Boy Scouts\". St. Enoch's Presbyterian Church, Mount Morgan , Queensland formed its unit on 23 November 1908. In 1909, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland formed. Other groups could have been formed in Queensland by the Boy's Brigade Scouts, British Boy Scouts (BBS), Imperial Boy Scouts (IBS), Anglican Church Lads' Brigade's Church Scout Patrols, Girl Peace Scouts and YMCA Scouts. In 1910 the CHUMS Scout Patrols merged with the BBS. Also in July 1910, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland affiliated to the United Kingdom's Boy Scouts Association and changed names to League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section. St. Enoch's affiliated their company with the Boy's Brigade Scouts in 1910. Started in 1910, the Australian Boy Scouts had merged with the Imperial Boy Scouts to become Australian Imperial Boy Scouts (A.I.B.S.) by 1912. The Church Scout Patrols ceased activities by 1912 while the League of Boy Scouts had stopped operating around 1914. A part of the Girl Peace Scouts joined the Voluntary Aid Detachments during World War I. Baden- Powell's scouting organisation finally extended itself to Australia almost five years after founding, known as the 'Baden-Powell Boy Scouts' in 1914 later rename to the Boy Scout's Association. The League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section changes names again to Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section.", "British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association The British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association (BBS & BGS Association; also known as The Brotherhood of British Scouts) is an early scouting organisation, having begun as the Battersea Boy Scouts in 1908. The organisation was renamed as the British Boy Scouts and launched as a national organisation on 24 May 1909. In association with other Scout organisations, the BBS formed the National Peace Scouts in 1910. The BBS instigated the first international Scouting organisation, the Order of World Scouts in 1911. The British Boy Scouts was founded in 1908 as the Battersea Boy Scouts, a local association of Scout troops. The Battersea Boy Scouts later briefly registered with Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts organisation but, in 1909, withdrew and formed the British Boy Scouts (BBS), out of a concern that Baden-Powell's organisation was too bureaucratic and militaristic and too closely associated with commercial interests. Initially, the BBS was led by Major W.G. Whitby as Chief Commissioner and as financier. Assisting were Colonel Frederick Charles Keyser, President BBS and H. Moore secretary of the Battersea Boy Scouts. The BBS was launched as a national organisation on Empire Day, 24 May 1909. The BBS was given publicity by Cassell and Company publisher of CHUMS publication, who had previously developed their own league of 'CHUMS league of Scouts' with the CHUMS Scout Patrols. They were formed by the readers of the CHUMS boy's newspaper, in response to an invitation from the editor for boys to form their own patrols. Cassell merged their patrols with the BBS and allowed them to publish a weekly page June 1909 until mid-1911. CHUMS \"", "Scouting and Guiding in New Zealand The Scout and Guide movement in New Zealand is served by  Scouting in New Zealand began in 1908 and spread rapidly throughout the country. The first group of Boy Scouts was formed in Kaiapoi, Canterbury. Another group of Boy Scouts, in Parnell, also claims this honour but the Parnell Scouts' documentation has been lost. Major (later Lieutenant-Colonel) David Cossgrove centrally organised Boy Scouts in 1908 and formed the Dominion Boy Scouts. The Dominion Boy Scouts and Robert Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts Association affiliated in 1913 in an uneasy relationship. Cossgrove's Dominion Boy Scouts introduced a Senior Scout program called \"Sentinels\" in 1912 and, in 1913, \"Junior Scouts\" with \"Bull Pups\" programs. After 1916 some Junior Scouts operated \"Wolf Cub\" programs. Cossgrove died in 1920 and in 1923 the majority of the executive of the Dominion Boy Scouts reconstituted themselves as a branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom. Cossgrove also formed the Girl Peace Scouts in 1909 which extended beyond New Zealand and Australia. The Girl Peace Scouts in New Zealand merged with the Girl Guides Association in 1923. The \"Chums\" magazine recorded the existence of its Chums Scouts in New Zealand from 1908. The British Boy Scouts also had members in New Zealand from 1909 with troops still reported in 1914. Local Corps of The Salvation Army formed troops of Boy Scouts in New Zealand from 1908 and Girl Peace Scouts from 1909. In 1911 The Salvation Army began reorganising its Boy Scouts and, in 1913, it started its international Life Saving Scouts in New Zealand. In 1915, the Salvation Army started its Life Saving Guards for girls in New Zealand. Chums, for boys, and Sunbeams, for girls, were for established for younger children. In 1916 the Salvation Army Life Saving Scouts and the Dominion Boy Scouts affiliated."], "answer": {"text": "upset by an item questioning the sexuality of its founder Lord Baden-Powell,", "answer_start": 515}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the reception about", "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they recieve complaints?", "answer": {"text": "that Frost had a \"hatred\" of the Prime Minister, which \"he finds impossible to control\".", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did frost hate the prime minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else about the reception that is interesting?", "answer": {"text": "also attracted complaints from the Boy Scout Association,", "answer_start": 457, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e6642deaec6848118fbc5218004057d5_0_q#5", "question": "what sexuality was lord baden powell?", "rewrite": "what sexuality was lord baden powell?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Baden Powell Cup The Baden Powell Cup Tournament is a Filipino-Chinese basketball tournament for scout basketball players,named after the founder of Scouting, Lord Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell. The tournament first started in the year 1998,the league stopped for a while and returned in 2005. The first two championships were won by Hope Christian High School. But Chiang Kai Shek College took over and reigned supreme in the tournament since 2006 (currently 7-peat champions). 1st Baden Powell Cup Champion - Hope Christian High School (1998) 2nd Baden Powell Cup Champion - Hope Christian High School (2005) 3rd Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2006) 4th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2007) 5th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2008) 6th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2009) 7th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2010) 8th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2011) 9th Baden Powell Cup Champion - Chiang Kai Shek College (2012) Participating Schools:", "Robert Baden-Powell, 3rd Baron Baden-Powell Robert Crause Baden-Powell, 3rd Baron Baden-Powell (born 15 October 1936) is the son of Carine Crause-Boardman and Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, the grandson of Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell and Olave Baden-Powell, the great-nephew of Agnes Baden-Powell, Baden Baden-Powell, George Baden-Powell, and Warington Baden-Powell, and the great-grandson of Baden Powell. Born in Johannesburg, South Africa, he was educated at Bryanston School. For his national service he served in the Royal Navy. On the death of his father in 1962, he succeeded to the barony and baronetcy. He married Patience H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Mary Batty, only daughter of Major Douglas Myers Batty, of Melsetter, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), by his wife Elsie May Loker, on 1 August 1963. Lady Baden-Powell served with many charities including, YWCA, Girls Alone in London, the National Playbus Association, NSPCC, Commonwealth Youth Exchange Council, SPCK, Surrey Council for Voluntary Youth Services, Surrey Antiques Fair, Walton Firs Camp Site as well as various local and national offices of the Girl Guides where she became commonwealth chief commissioner, and, latterly a vice-president. She was a vice President of the Scout Association. She also conducted a successful business life and was a director of Imperial Life of Canada, Surrey Radio and Fieldguard. She was appointed a CBE for her services to youth and was a deputy lord lieutenant for Surrey. She died in 2010. Lord Baden-Powell served the British Scout Association in a number of local, national and international capacities. He was chief scout commissioner from 1965 to 1982.", "Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell Arthur Robert Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, FRSA (30 October 1913 \u2013 9 December 1962) was the son of Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, and Olave St. Clair Soames. He was also the nephew of Agnes Baden-Powell, Baden Baden-Powell, and Warington Baden-Powell, and the grandson of the Rev. Baden Powell. Peter was named Arthur after his mother's brother, Robert after his father, and Peter after Peter Pan, a character in a play by James Barrie, of whom Peter's father, the first Lord Baden-Powell, was a great fan. Likewise, Peter Baden-Powell named his daughter Wendy after another character in the play. The 2nd Lord Baden-Powell married Carine Crause-Boardman on 3 January 1936. The couple had two sons and a daughter: Baden-Powell was, like his father, educated at Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, England and at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Berkshire. He served in the British South Africa Police between 1934 and 1937. He was in the Native Affairs Department, Southern Rhodesia between 1937 and 1945. He was elected a member of the Mercers' Company in 1948. He succeeded to the title of 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell, Essex on 8 January 1941. He was invested as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (R.S.A.). He died in 1962 aged 49. Peter was deeply involved in Scouting. He was, until his death, Guildmaster of The B-P Guild of Old Scouts.", "Arthur William Baden Powell Arthur William Baden Powell (4 April 1901 \u2013 1 July 1987) was a New Zealand malacologist, naturalist and palaeontologist, a major influence in the study and classification of New Zealand molluscs through much of the 20th century. He was known to his friends and family by his third name, \"Baden\". The name Baden had been a given name in a Powell family since 1731, when Susannah Powell n\u00e9e Thistlethwayte (1696\u20131762) gave to her child (1731\u20131792) the maiden name of her mother, Susannah Baden (1663\u20131692). The name Baden, particularly when associated with the surname Powell, became famous in 1900\u20131901, the year Arthur William Baden Powell was born, because of the Siege of Mafeking, the most famous British action in the Second Boer War, which turned the British Commander of the besieged, Robert Baden-Powell, into a national hero. Throughout the British Empire, babies were named after him. No family connection has yet been established between Arthur William Baden Powell and Robert Baden-Powell. Powell was born at Wellington, New Zealand, on 4 April 1901. His schooling was in Auckland, and he trained in printing at the Elam School of Fine Arts. This training, and his interest in conchology, set him on his life's work. He started writing scientific papers on mollusca in 1921, and became one of the few experts in New Zealand shellfish. Powell married Isabel Essie Gittos on 19 December 1928, at Devonport in Auckland. They had a son. He was appointed to the Auckland War Memorial Museum as palaeontologist and conchologist in 1929, working on some lesser-known mollusc families.", "Baden-Powell grave The graves of Lieutenant-General The 1st Baron Baden-Powell and his wife, Olave, Baroness Baden-Powell, G.B.E., are in Nyeri, Nyeri County, Kenya, near Mount Kenya. Lord Baden-Powell died on January 8, 1941, and is buried in St. Peter's Cemetery in the Wajee Nature Park. When his wife Olave, Lady Baden-Powell, died, her ashes were sent to Kenya and interred beside her husband. Kenya has declared Baden-Powell's grave a national monument. The nation's largest newspaper, the \"Daily Nation\", has called the Scouting founder's final resting place, \"one of the most revered shrines and pilgrimage sites in the world\". Baden-Powell, who knew and liked Kenya, decided to start wintering in Nyeri at the Outspan Hotel of his friend, Eric Sherbrooke Walker. He chose Kenya as his last home because of favorable climate and the political situation in Europe. After both he and Olave died, a memorial service was held for them in Westminster Abbey. The memorial stone is in the south aisle of the nave of Westminster Abbey, against the screen of St George\u2019s chapel and was unveiled on February 12, 1981. The grave has become a pilgrimage site, with as many as 50,000 people visiting the site each year. Each year on February 22, members of the Kenya Scouts Association and Kenya Girl Guides Association celebrate Founders' Day at the grave. Robert Baden Powell <br> Chief Scout of the World <br> 22nd February 1857 <br> 8th January 1941 <br><br> Olave Baden Powell <br> World Chief Guide<br> 22nd February 1889< br> 25th June 1977 <br> \u0298"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the reception about", "answer": {"text": "BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they recieve complaints?", "answer": {"text": "that Frost had a \"hatred\" of the Prime Minister, which \"he finds impossible to control\".", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did frost hate the prime minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else about the reception that is interesting?", "answer": {"text": "also attracted complaints from the Boy Scout Association,", "answer_start": 457, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did boy scouts have an issue?", "answer": {"text": "upset by an item questioning the sexuality of its founder Lord Baden-Powell,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#0", "question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "rewrite": "what influenced Le Guin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "In the foreword to \"The Birthday of the World\" collection, Le Guin stated that she had been the subject of a critic\u2019s scorn for writing about slavery; in response, Le Guin asked \"I wonder what planet he lives on?\" Reviewing \"The Birthday of the World\" collection for the \"New York Review of Books\", Canadian author Margaret Atwood wrote that the setting and inspiration of \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" brought it \"very close to home\". Atwood stated that this story provided the strongest demonstration of Le Guin's belief that science fiction reflects the real world; according to Atwood, the story could have reflected any society in the midst of war. Referring to Le Guin as usually being a \"a movingly lyrical writer\", Atwood stated that the story didn't \"[shy] away from necessary gore\". Reviewing \"Far Horizons\" for the \"Washington Post\", Richard Grant was more circumspect about the story, stating \"readers unfamiliar with [Le Guin's] oeuvre\" may not have found the story \"easily approachable. \" The science fiction magazine \"Strange Horizons\" stated that \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was a \"middling\" Le Guin story, which made it a \"fine [work] by most authors' standards.\" A review of \"The Found and the Lost\" in the science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\" offered high praise to the collection, stating that it found \"Le Guin at her most formidable. \" It praised the four stories set on Werel in particular, stating that the \"richness of the culture Le Guin depicts is painfully real, at once beautiful and deplorable.", "The theme of gender also touched off a feminist debate when it was first published, over depictions of the ambisexual Gethenians. \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" has been reprinted more than 30 times, and received a highly positive response from reviewers. It was voted the Hugo and Nebula Awards for Best Novel by fans and writers, respectively, and was ranked third behind Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" and Arthur C. Clarke's \"Childhood's End\" in a 1975 poll in \"Locus\" magazine. In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked it second among science fiction novels after \"Dune\" and Harold Bloom stated: \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the experience that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. The protagonists of many of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\", are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin used the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term coined by her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. According to Douglas Barbour, the fiction of the Hainish universe (the setting for several of Le Guin's works) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them.", "Authors who influenced Le Guin include Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Virginia Woolf, Italo Calvino, and Lao Tzu. Le Guin identified with feminism, and was interested in non-violence and ecological awareness. She participated in demonstrations against the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons. These sympathies can be seen in several of her works of fiction, including those in the Hainish universe. The novels of the Hainish cycle frequently explore the effects of differing social and political systems, although according to Suzanne Reid, she displayed a preference for a \"society that governs by consensus, a communal cooperation without external government\". Her fiction also frequently challenges accepted depictions of race and gender. The original 1969 edition of \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" did not contain an introduction. After reflecting on her work, Le Guin wrote in the 1976 edition that the genre of science fiction was not as \"rationalist and simplistic\" as simple extrapolation. Instead, she called it a \"thought experiment\" which presupposes some changes to the world, and probes their consequences. The purpose of the thought experiment is not to predict the future, but to \"describe reality, the present world\". In this case, her thought experiment explores a society without men or women, where individuals share the biological and emotional makeup of both sexes. Le Guin has also said that the genre in general allows exploration of the \"real\" world through metaphors and complex stories, and that science fiction can use imaginary situations to comment on human behaviors and relationships. In her new introduction to the Library of America reprint in 2017, the author wrote: \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" is set in the fictional Hainish universe, which Le Guin introduced in her first novel \"Rocannon's World\", published in 1966.", "Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the exposure that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. Many of the protagonists of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\" are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin uses the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term which she got from her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. Douglas Barbour stated that the fiction of the Hainish Universe contains a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them. Authors that influenced Le Guin include Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Virginia Woolf, Italo Calvino, and Lao Tzu. Le Guin identifies herself with feminism, and is interested in non-violence and ecological awareness. She has participated in demonstrations against the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons. These sympathies can be seen in several of her works of fiction, including the Hainish universe works. The novels of the Hainish universe frequently explore the effects of differing social and political systems, although she displays a preference for a \"society that governs by consensus, a communal cooperation without external government.\" Her fiction also frequently challenges accepted depictions of race and gender. The novel was originally named \"Little Green Men,\" in reference to the common science-fiction trope."], "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#1", "question": "who were they?", "rewrite": "who were Le Guin fantasy writers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ursula K. Le Guin bibliography Ursula K. Le Guin (1929\u20132018) was an American author of speculative fiction, realistic fiction, non-fiction, screenplays, librettos, essays, poetry, speeches, translations, literary critiques, chapbooks, and children's fiction. She was primarily known for her works of speculative fiction. These include works set in the fictional world of Earthsea, stories in the \"Hainish Cycle\", and standalone novels and short stories. Though frequently referred to as an author of science fiction, critics have described her work as being difficult to classify. Le Guin came to critical attention with the publication of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" in 1968, and \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" in 1969. The Earthsea books, of which \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was the first, have been described as Le Guin's best work by several commentators, while scholar Charlotte Spivack described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as having established Le Guin's reputation as a writer of science fiction. Literary critic Harold Bloom referred to the books as Le Guin's masterpieces. Several scholars have called the Earthsea books Le Guin's best work. Her work has received intense critical attention. As of 1999, ten volumes of literary criticism and forty dissertations had been written about her work: she was referred to by scholar Donna White as a \"major figure in American letters\". Her awards include the National Book Award, the Newbery Medal, and multiple Hugo and Nebula Awards. Feminist critiques of her writing were particularly influential upon Le Guin's later work.", "The theme of gender also touched off a feminist debate when it was first published, over depictions of the ambisexual Gethenians. \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" has been reprinted more than 30 times, and received a highly positive response from reviewers. It was voted the Hugo and Nebula Awards for Best Novel by fans and writers, respectively, and was ranked third behind Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" and Arthur C. Clarke's \"Childhood's End\" in a 1975 poll in \"Locus\" magazine. In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked it second among science fiction novels after \"Dune\" and Harold Bloom stated: \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the experience that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. The protagonists of many of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\", are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin used the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term coined by her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. According to Douglas Barbour, the fiction of the Hainish universe (the setting for several of Le Guin's works) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them.", "In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "In the foreword to \"The Birthday of the World\" collection, Le Guin stated that she had been the subject of a critic\u2019s scorn for writing about slavery; in response, Le Guin asked \"I wonder what planet he lives on?\" Reviewing \"The Birthday of the World\" collection for the \"New York Review of Books\", Canadian author Margaret Atwood wrote that the setting and inspiration of \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" brought it \"very close to home\". Atwood stated that this story provided the strongest demonstration of Le Guin's belief that science fiction reflects the real world; according to Atwood, the story could have reflected any society in the midst of war. Referring to Le Guin as usually being a \"a movingly lyrical writer\", Atwood stated that the story didn't \"[shy] away from necessary gore\". Reviewing \"Far Horizons\" for the \"Washington Post\", Richard Grant was more circumspect about the story, stating \"readers unfamiliar with [Le Guin's] oeuvre\" may not have found the story \"easily approachable. \" The science fiction magazine \"Strange Horizons\" stated that \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was a \"middling\" Le Guin story, which made it a \"fine [work] by most authors' standards.\" A review of \"The Found and the Lost\" in the science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\" offered high praise to the collection, stating that it found \"Le Guin at her most formidable. \" It praised the four stories set on Werel in particular, stating that the \"richness of the culture Le Guin depicts is painfully real, at once beautiful and deplorable.", "Le Guin wrote five subsequent books that are collectively referred to as the \"Earthsea Cycle\", together with \"A Wizard of Earthsea\": \"The Tombs of Atuan\" (1971), \"The Farthest Shore\" (1972), \"Tehanu\" (1990), \"The Other Wind\" (2001), and \"Tales from Earthsea\" (2001). George Slusser described the series as a \"work of high style and imagination\", while Amanda Craig said that \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was \"the most thrilling, wise, and beautiful children's novel ever\". Early concepts for the Earthsea setting were developed in two short stories, \"The Rule of Names\" (1964) and \"The Word of Unbinding\" (1964), both published in \"Fantastic\". The stories were later collected in Le Guin's anthology \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\" (1975). Earthsea was also used as the setting for a story Le Guin wrote in 1965 or 1966, which was never published. In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of the book) asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Le Guin had no previous experience specifically with the genre of young adult literature, which rose in prominence during the late 1960s. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that she chose the medium of fantasy, and the theme of coming of age, with her intended adolescent audience in mind."], "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#2", "question": "how did they influence her?", "rewrite": "how did fantasy writers influence Le Guin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the foreword to \"The Birthday of the World\" collection, Le Guin stated that she had been the subject of a critic\u2019s scorn for writing about slavery; in response, Le Guin asked \"I wonder what planet he lives on?\" Reviewing \"The Birthday of the World\" collection for the \"New York Review of Books\", Canadian author Margaret Atwood wrote that the setting and inspiration of \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" brought it \"very close to home\". Atwood stated that this story provided the strongest demonstration of Le Guin's belief that science fiction reflects the real world; according to Atwood, the story could have reflected any society in the midst of war. Referring to Le Guin as usually being a \"a movingly lyrical writer\", Atwood stated that the story didn't \"[shy] away from necessary gore\". Reviewing \"Far Horizons\" for the \"Washington Post\", Richard Grant was more circumspect about the story, stating \"readers unfamiliar with [Le Guin's] oeuvre\" may not have found the story \"easily approachable. \" The science fiction magazine \"Strange Horizons\" stated that \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was a \"middling\" Le Guin story, which made it a \"fine [work] by most authors' standards.\" A review of \"The Found and the Lost\" in the science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\" offered high praise to the collection, stating that it found \"Le Guin at her most formidable. \" It praised the four stories set on Werel in particular, stating that the \"richness of the culture Le Guin depicts is painfully real, at once beautiful and deplorable.", "The theme of gender also touched off a feminist debate when it was first published, over depictions of the ambisexual Gethenians. \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" has been reprinted more than 30 times, and received a highly positive response from reviewers. It was voted the Hugo and Nebula Awards for Best Novel by fans and writers, respectively, and was ranked third behind Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" and Arthur C. Clarke's \"Childhood's End\" in a 1975 poll in \"Locus\" magazine. In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked it second among science fiction novels after \"Dune\" and Harold Bloom stated: \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the experience that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. The protagonists of many of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\", are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin used the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term coined by her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. According to Douglas Barbour, the fiction of the Hainish universe (the setting for several of Le Guin's works) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them.", "In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "Le Guin wrote five subsequent books that are collectively referred to as the \"Earthsea Cycle\", together with \"A Wizard of Earthsea\": \"The Tombs of Atuan\" (1971), \"The Farthest Shore\" (1972), \"Tehanu\" (1990), \"The Other Wind\" (2001), and \"Tales from Earthsea\" (2001). George Slusser described the series as a \"work of high style and imagination\", while Amanda Craig said that \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was \"the most thrilling, wise, and beautiful children's novel ever\". Early concepts for the Earthsea setting were developed in two short stories, \"The Rule of Names\" (1964) and \"The Word of Unbinding\" (1964), both published in \"Fantastic\". The stories were later collected in Le Guin's anthology \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\" (1975). Earthsea was also used as the setting for a story Le Guin wrote in 1965 or 1966, which was never published. In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of the book) asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Le Guin had no previous experience specifically with the genre of young adult literature, which rose in prominence during the late 1960s. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that she chose the medium of fantasy, and the theme of coming of age, with her intended adolescent audience in mind.", "Darko Suvin, one of the first academics to study science fiction, wrote that \"Left Hand\" was the \"most memorable novel of the year\", and Charlotte Spivack regards the book as having established Le Guin's status as a major science-fiction writer. In 1987 Harold Bloom described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as Le Guin's \"finest work to date\", and argued that critics have generally undervalued it. Bloom followed this up by listing the book in his \"The Western Canon\" (1994) as one of the books in his conception of artistic works that have been important and influential in Western culture. In Bloom's opinion, \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Critics have also commented on the broad influence of the book, with writers such as Budrys citing it as an influence upon their own writing. More generally it has been asserted that the work has been widely influential in the science fiction field, with \"The Paris Review\" claiming that \"No single work did more to upend the genre's conventions than \"The Left Hand of Darkness\"\". Donna White, in her study of the critical literature on Le Guin, argued that \"Left Hand\" was one of the seminal works of science fiction, as important as \"Frankenstein\", by Mary Shelley, which is often described as the very first science fiction novel. Suzanne Reid wrote that at the time the novel was written, Le Guin's ideas of androgyny were unique not only to science fiction, but to literature in general. \"Left Hand\" has been a focus of literary critique of Le Guin's work, along with her Earthsea fiction and utopian fiction. The novel was at the center of a feminist debate when it was published in 1969."], "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#3", "question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "rewrite": "Besides J. R. R. Tolkien which other fantasy writer influenced Le Guin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Authors who influenced Le Guin include Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Virginia Woolf, Italo Calvino, and Lao Tzu. Le Guin identified with feminism, and was interested in non-violence and ecological awareness. She participated in demonstrations against the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons. These sympathies can be seen in several of her works of fiction, including those in the Hainish universe. The novels of the Hainish cycle frequently explore the effects of differing social and political systems, although according to Suzanne Reid, she displayed a preference for a \"society that governs by consensus, a communal cooperation without external government\". Her fiction also frequently challenges accepted depictions of race and gender. The original 1969 edition of \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" did not contain an introduction. After reflecting on her work, Le Guin wrote in the 1976 edition that the genre of science fiction was not as \"rationalist and simplistic\" as simple extrapolation. Instead, she called it a \"thought experiment\" which presupposes some changes to the world, and probes their consequences. The purpose of the thought experiment is not to predict the future, but to \"describe reality, the present world\". In this case, her thought experiment explores a society without men or women, where individuals share the biological and emotional makeup of both sexes. Le Guin has also said that the genre in general allows exploration of the \"real\" world through metaphors and complex stories, and that science fiction can use imaginary situations to comment on human behaviors and relationships. In her new introduction to the Library of America reprint in 2017, the author wrote: \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" is set in the fictional Hainish universe, which Le Guin introduced in her first novel \"Rocannon's World\", published in 1966.", "In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the exposure that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. Many of the protagonists of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\" are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin uses the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term which she got from her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. Douglas Barbour stated that the fiction of the Hainish Universe contains a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them. Authors that influenced Le Guin include Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Virginia Woolf, Italo Calvino, and Lao Tzu. Le Guin identifies herself with feminism, and is interested in non-violence and ecological awareness. She has participated in demonstrations against the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons. These sympathies can be seen in several of her works of fiction, including the Hainish universe works. The novels of the Hainish universe frequently explore the effects of differing social and political systems, although she displays a preference for a \"society that governs by consensus, a communal cooperation without external government.\" Her fiction also frequently challenges accepted depictions of race and gender. The novel was originally named \"Little Green Men,\" in reference to the common science-fiction trope.", "Darko Suvin, one of the first academics to study science fiction, wrote that \"Left Hand\" was the \"most memorable novel of the year\", and Charlotte Spivack regards the book as having established Le Guin's status as a major science-fiction writer. In 1987 Harold Bloom described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as Le Guin's \"finest work to date\", and argued that critics have generally undervalued it. Bloom followed this up by listing the book in his \"The Western Canon\" (1994) as one of the books in his conception of artistic works that have been important and influential in Western culture. In Bloom's opinion, \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Critics have also commented on the broad influence of the book, with writers such as Budrys citing it as an influence upon their own writing. More generally it has been asserted that the work has been widely influential in the science fiction field, with \"The Paris Review\" claiming that \"No single work did more to upend the genre's conventions than \"The Left Hand of Darkness\"\". Donna White, in her study of the critical literature on Le Guin, argued that \"Left Hand\" was one of the seminal works of science fiction, as important as \"Frankenstein\", by Mary Shelley, which is often described as the very first science fiction novel. Suzanne Reid wrote that at the time the novel was written, Le Guin's ideas of androgyny were unique not only to science fiction, but to literature in general. \"Left Hand\" has been a focus of literary critique of Le Guin's work, along with her Earthsea fiction and utopian fiction. The novel was at the center of a feminist debate when it was published in 1969.", "The theme of gender also touched off a feminist debate when it was first published, over depictions of the ambisexual Gethenians. \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" has been reprinted more than 30 times, and received a highly positive response from reviewers. It was voted the Hugo and Nebula Awards for Best Novel by fans and writers, respectively, and was ranked third behind Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" and Arthur C. Clarke's \"Childhood's End\" in a 1975 poll in \"Locus\" magazine. In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked it second among science fiction novels after \"Dune\" and Harold Bloom stated: \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the experience that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. The protagonists of many of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\", are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin used the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term coined by her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. According to Douglas Barbour, the fiction of the Hainish universe (the setting for several of Le Guin's works) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them."], "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#4", "question": "how did Philip influence her?", "rewrite": "how did Philip influence Le Guin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ursula K. Le Guin bibliography Ursula K. Le Guin (1929\u20132018) was an American author of speculative fiction, realistic fiction, non-fiction, screenplays, librettos, essays, poetry, speeches, translations, literary critiques, chapbooks, and children's fiction. She was primarily known for her works of speculative fiction. These include works set in the fictional world of Earthsea, stories in the \"Hainish Cycle\", and standalone novels and short stories. Though frequently referred to as an author of science fiction, critics have described her work as being difficult to classify. Le Guin came to critical attention with the publication of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" in 1968, and \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" in 1969. The Earthsea books, of which \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was the first, have been described as Le Guin's best work by several commentators, while scholar Charlotte Spivack described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as having established Le Guin's reputation as a writer of science fiction. Literary critic Harold Bloom referred to the books as Le Guin's masterpieces. Several scholars have called the Earthsea books Le Guin's best work. Her work has received intense critical attention. As of 1999, ten volumes of literary criticism and forty dissertations had been written about her work: she was referred to by scholar Donna White as a \"major figure in American letters\". Her awards include the National Book Award, the Newbery Medal, and multiple Hugo and Nebula Awards. Feminist critiques of her writing were particularly influential upon Le Guin's later work.", "In the foreword to \"The Birthday of the World\" collection, Le Guin stated that she had been the subject of a critic\u2019s scorn for writing about slavery; in response, Le Guin asked \"I wonder what planet he lives on?\" Reviewing \"The Birthday of the World\" collection for the \"New York Review of Books\", Canadian author Margaret Atwood wrote that the setting and inspiration of \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" brought it \"very close to home\". Atwood stated that this story provided the strongest demonstration of Le Guin's belief that science fiction reflects the real world; according to Atwood, the story could have reflected any society in the midst of war. Referring to Le Guin as usually being a \"a movingly lyrical writer\", Atwood stated that the story didn't \"[shy] away from necessary gore\". Reviewing \"Far Horizons\" for the \"Washington Post\", Richard Grant was more circumspect about the story, stating \"readers unfamiliar with [Le Guin's] oeuvre\" may not have found the story \"easily approachable. \" The science fiction magazine \"Strange Horizons\" stated that \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was a \"middling\" Le Guin story, which made it a \"fine [work] by most authors' standards.\" A review of \"The Found and the Lost\" in the science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\" offered high praise to the collection, stating that it found \"Le Guin at her most formidable. \" It praised the four stories set on Werel in particular, stating that the \"richness of the culture Le Guin depicts is painfully real, at once beautiful and deplorable.", "Le Guin wrote five subsequent books that are collectively referred to as the \"Earthsea Cycle\", together with \"A Wizard of Earthsea\": \"The Tombs of Atuan\" (1971), \"The Farthest Shore\" (1972), \"Tehanu\" (1990), \"The Other Wind\" (2001), and \"Tales from Earthsea\" (2001). George Slusser described the series as a \"work of high style and imagination\", while Amanda Craig said that \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was \"the most thrilling, wise, and beautiful children's novel ever\". Early concepts for the Earthsea setting were developed in two short stories, \"The Rule of Names\" (1964) and \"The Word of Unbinding\" (1964), both published in \"Fantastic\". The stories were later collected in Le Guin's anthology \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\" (1975). Earthsea was also used as the setting for a story Le Guin wrote in 1965 or 1966, which was never published. In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of the book) asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Le Guin had no previous experience specifically with the genre of young adult literature, which rose in prominence during the late 1960s. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that she chose the medium of fantasy, and the theme of coming of age, with her intended adolescent audience in mind.", "In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "And then to confuse the nobly simple structure of the ideal of human equality by trying to make it real.\" As with many other works by Le Guin, \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" has been described as demonstrating the influence of Taoism on Le Guin's work. Scholar Alexis Lothian wrote that in Le Guin's world, social change was a gradual process: despite the slave revolution, the ideology of the slave-owners was still a powerful force. Though the slaves wait for utopia in the form of the freedom brought by the revolution, they find that they are caught in the \"insanity, the stupidity, the meaningless brutality\" of the actual liberation. Le Guin instead suggests that utopia or liberation is found equally in the small acts of kindness and comfort which Esdan and the slave women share. Thus according to Rochelle, Le Guin's version of true community \"is one of the heart, in which each person\u2019s story is honoured.\" \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was first published in the 1999 collection \"Far Horizons\", edited by Robert Silverberg, and published by Avon Eos. It was later collected along with five other stories of the Hainish Cycle, the short story \"The Birthday of the World\" and the novella \"Paradises Lost\" in the 2002 collection \"The Birthday of the World and Other Stories\", published by Harper Collins. In 2016 it was published in the collection \"The Found and the Lost\", along with twelve other stories by Le Guin. The volume was marketed as \"The Collected Novellas of Ursula K. Le Guin.\" Penguin Random House published \"Five Ways to Forgiveness\", a collection including the \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" and the four stories from \"Four Ways to Forgiveness\", as an eBook in 2017."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#5", "question": "did she have other influences other than fantasy writers?", "rewrite": "Along with Philip K. Dick did Le Guin have other influences other than fantasy writers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "The theme of gender also touched off a feminist debate when it was first published, over depictions of the ambisexual Gethenians. \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" has been reprinted more than 30 times, and received a highly positive response from reviewers. It was voted the Hugo and Nebula Awards for Best Novel by fans and writers, respectively, and was ranked third behind Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" and Arthur C. Clarke's \"Childhood's End\" in a 1975 poll in \"Locus\" magazine. In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked it second among science fiction novels after \"Dune\" and Harold Bloom stated: \"Le Guin, more than Tolkien, has raised fantasy into high literature, for our time\". Le Guin's father Alfred Louis Kroeber was an anthropologist, and the experience that this gave Le Guin influenced all of her works. The protagonists of many of Le Guin's novels, such as \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" and \"Rocannon's World\", are also anthropologists or social investigators of some kind. Le Guin used the term \"Ekumen\" for her fictional alliance of worlds, a term coined by her father, who derived it from the Greek \"Oikoumene\" to refer to Eurasian cultures that shared a common origin. Le Guin's interest in Taoism influenced much of her science fiction work. According to Douglas Barbour, the fiction of the Hainish universe (the setting for several of Le Guin's works) contain a theme of balance between light and darkness, a central theme of Taoism. She was also influenced by her early interest in mythology, and her exposure to cultural diversity as a child. Her protagonists are frequently interested in the cultures they are investigating, and are motivated to preserve them rather than conquer them.", "Le Guin wrote five subsequent books that are collectively referred to as the \"Earthsea Cycle\", together with \"A Wizard of Earthsea\": \"The Tombs of Atuan\" (1971), \"The Farthest Shore\" (1972), \"Tehanu\" (1990), \"The Other Wind\" (2001), and \"Tales from Earthsea\" (2001). George Slusser described the series as a \"work of high style and imagination\", while Amanda Craig said that \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was \"the most thrilling, wise, and beautiful children's novel ever\". Early concepts for the Earthsea setting were developed in two short stories, \"The Rule of Names\" (1964) and \"The Word of Unbinding\" (1964), both published in \"Fantastic\". The stories were later collected in Le Guin's anthology \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\" (1975). Earthsea was also used as the setting for a story Le Guin wrote in 1965 or 1966, which was never published. In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of the book) asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Le Guin had no previous experience specifically with the genre of young adult literature, which rose in prominence during the late 1960s. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that she chose the medium of fantasy, and the theme of coming of age, with her intended adolescent audience in mind.", "Nine Lives (novelette) \"Nine Lives\" is a 1968 science fiction novelette by Ursula K. Le Guin. Originally published in \"Playboy\" magazine (it was reprinted in \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\"), the story uses human cloning to explore perceptions of self and other. When it was published, Le Guin opted for publishing it under her initials (U.K. Le Guin) rather than her name, as per \"Playboy\" suggestion that a female author would make its readers \"nervous\". Le Guin has said \"It's not surprising that \"Playboy\" hadn't had its consciousness raised back then, but it is surprising to me to realize how thoughtlessly I went along with them. It was the first (and is the only) time I met with anything I understood as sexual prejudice, prejudice against me as a woman writer, from any editor or publisher; and it seemed so silly, so grotesque, that I failed to see that it was also important.\" It was first recognized on the national level when president Lyndon B. Johnson found the story in Playboy and heavily endorsed it. The presidential endorsement caused the story to spread across the country very rapidly, with an extremely positive result. It was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novelette in 1969. \"Nine Lives\" is one of the few stories Le Guin has described as being \"hard-core\" science fiction, using the concept of cloning to explore the concept of the \"self\". Le Guin also disclosed that the inspiration for \"Nine Lives\" came from a chapter in Gordon Rattray Taylor's 1968 book, \"The Biological Time Bomb\". In November 2012, \"Nine Lives\" was published in a two-part collection of short stories Le Guin released called \"The Unreal and the Real\".", "Ursula K. Le Guin bibliography Ursula K. Le Guin (1929\u20132018) was an American author of speculative fiction, realistic fiction, non-fiction, screenplays, librettos, essays, poetry, speeches, translations, literary critiques, chapbooks, and children's fiction. She was primarily known for her works of speculative fiction. These include works set in the fictional world of Earthsea, stories in the \"Hainish Cycle\", and standalone novels and short stories. Though frequently referred to as an author of science fiction, critics have described her work as being difficult to classify. Le Guin came to critical attention with the publication of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" in 1968, and \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" in 1969. The Earthsea books, of which \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was the first, have been described as Le Guin's best work by several commentators, while scholar Charlotte Spivack described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as having established Le Guin's reputation as a writer of science fiction. Literary critic Harold Bloom referred to the books as Le Guin's masterpieces. Several scholars have called the Earthsea books Le Guin's best work. Her work has received intense critical attention. As of 1999, ten volumes of literary criticism and forty dissertations had been written about her work: she was referred to by scholar Donna White as a \"major figure in American letters\". Her awards include the National Book Award, the Newbery Medal, and multiple Hugo and Nebula Awards. Feminist critiques of her writing were particularly influential upon Le Guin's later work."], "answer": {"text": "by feminist writers such as Virginia Woolf,", "answer_start": 290}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Philip influence her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#6", "question": "and which other feminist writers?", "rewrite": "Besides Virginia Woolf and which other feminist writers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Thomas Hardy's \"The Return of the Native\", Thomasin Yeobright is also described as \"the angel of the house\". Thomasin is the antithesis to Hardy's main female protagonist, Eustacia Vye, who is the opposite of the Victorian female \"ideal\". Images were also created with this name, including Millais' portrait of Patmore's wife Emily, and Julia Margaret Cameron's photograph of an enraptured girl. Later feminist writers ridiculed the Angel. Virginia Woolf satirized the ideal of femininity depicted in the poem, writing that \"She [the perfect wife] was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. She excelled in the difficult arts of family life. She sacrificed daily. If there was a chicken, she took the leg; if there was a draught she sat in it ... Above all, she was pure.\" She emphasized that she \"bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her\". \" (Woolf, 1966: 2, 285). Nel Noddings views her as \"infantile, weak and mindless\" (1989: 59). Similarly, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote a short essay entitled \"The Extinct Angel\" in which she described the angel in the house as being as dead as the dodo (Gilman, 1891: 200). The art historian Anthea Callen adapted the poem's title for her monograph on female artists, \"The Angel in the Studio: Women in the Arts and Crafts Movement 1870\u20131914\", published in 1979. More recently, the feminist folk-rock duo The Story used the title in their album \"The Angel in the House\".", "Modern Fiction (essay) \"Modern Fiction\" is an essay by Virginia Woolf. The essay was written in 1919 but published in 1921 with a series of short stories called \"Monday or Tuesday\". The essay is a criticism of writers and literature from the previous generation. It also acts as a guide for writers of modern fiction to write what they feel, not what society or publishers want them to write. In \"Modern Fiction\", Woolf elucidates upon what she understands modern fiction to be. Woolf states that a writer should write what inspires them and not follow any special method. She believed writers are constrained by the publishing business, by what society believes literature should look like and what society has dictated how literature should be written. Woolf believes it is a writer's job to write the complexities in life, the unknowns, not the unimportant things. She criticizes H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, John Galsworthy of writing about unimportant things and called them materialists. She suggests that it would be better for literature to turn their backs on them so it can move forward, for better or worse. While Woolf criticizes the aforementioned three authors, she praises several other authors for their innovation. This group of writers she names spiritualists, and includes James Joyce who Woolf says writes what interests and moves him. Woolf wanted writers to focus on the awkwardness of life and craved originality in their work. Woolf's overall hope was to inspire modern fiction writers to write what interested them, wherever it may lead. Virginia Woolf was known as a critic by her contemporaries and many scholars have attempted to analyse Woolf as a critic. In her essay, \"Modern Fiction\", she criticizes H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett and John Galsworthy and mentions and praises Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, William Henry Hudson, James Joyce and Anton Chekhov.", "The edition aims for transparency in its mapping of the variants between the first British edition of Woolf's texts and those she subsequently oversaw \u2013 in particular the first American publication. It also aims to provide full annotation to Woolf's densely allusive prose. In addition to co-directing the project, Sellers also co-edited Virginia Woolf's \"The Waves\" (with Michael Herbert). With Sue Roe, Sellers co-edited and contributed to \"The Cambridge Companion to Virginia Woolf\" (Cambridge University Press, 2000), which included contributions by David Bradshaw, Julia Briggs, Susan Dick, Hermione Lee, Laura Marcus, Andrew McNeillie, Suzanne Raitt and Michael Whitworth. Sellers edited the second edition of \u201cThe Cambridge Companion to Virginia Woolf\u201d in 2010. Sellers' novel, 'Vanessa and Virginia\", is in part a fictional biography of Virginia Woolf. Throughout, Sellers has been particularly interested in the creative process of writing, and this is reflected in three collections \"Instead of Full Stops\" (The Women\u2019s Press, 1996), \"Taking Reality by Surprise\" (The Women's Press, 1991), and \"Delighting the Heart: A Notebook by Women Writers\" (The Women's Press, 1988), as well as in the translated selections from  \" The Writing Notebooks of H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous\" ( Continuum, 2004). For this latter project, Sellers was awarded a Leverhulme Research Fellowship in 2001\u20132002, which she held as a Visiting Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Sellers now combines her academic research with work as a novelist. In 2002 she won the Canongate Prize for short story writing and in 2007 received a New Writing Partnership Arts Council award for her novel \"Vanessa and Virginia\". She is a senior member of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.", "Louise DeSalvo Louise A. DeSalvo (born 1942-died October 31, 2018) was an American writer, editor, professor, and lecturer who lived in New Jersey. Much of her work focused on Italian-American culture, though she was also a renowned Virginia Woolf scholar. DeSalvo taught memoir writing as a part of CUNY Hunter College's MFA Program in Creative Writing, published over 17 books, and was a Virginia Woolf scholar. She edited editions of Woolf's first novel \"Melymbrosia\", as well as \"The Letters of Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf\", which documents the controversial lesbian affair between these two novelists. In addition, she wrote two books on Woolf, \"Virginia Woolf: The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Her Life and Work\" and \"Virginia Woolf's First Voyage: A Novel in the Making\". DeSalvo's publications also include the memoir, \"Vertigo\", which received the Gay Talese award and was also a finalist for Italy's Primo Acerbi prize for literature. \" Vertigo\" holds as one of the most widely taught Italian American books and has been said to influence almost every Italian American memoir written since. DeSalvo's memoir, \"Crazy in the Kitchen: Food, Feuds, and Forgiveness in an Italian American Family,\" was also named a Booksense Book of the Year for 2004. One of DeSalvo's most popular books to date is the writer's guide \"Writing as a Way of Healing: How Telling Our Stories Transforms Our Lives\". DeSalvo and her husband raised their children in Teaneck, New Jersey before moving to Montclair to be closer to their grandchildren. Was reprinted by The Feminist Press and translated into Italian by Nutrimenti.", "The Madwoman in the Attic The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination is a 1979 book by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, in which they examine Victorian literature from a feminist perspective. Gilbert and Gubar draw their title from Charlotte Bront\u00eb's \"Jane Eyre\", in which Rochester's wife (n\u00e9e Bertha Mason) is kept secretly locked in an attic apartment by her husband. The text specifically examines Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, Charlotte and Emily Bront\u00eb, George Eliot, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti and Emily Dickinson. In the work, Gilbert and Gubar examine the notion that women writers of the nineteenth century were confined in their writing to make their female characters either embody the \"angel\" or the \"monster\", a struggle which they argue stemmed from male writers' tendencies to categorize female characters as either pure, angelic women or rebellious, unkempt madwomen. In their argument Gilbert and Gubar point to Virginia Woolf, who says women writers must \"kill the aesthetic ideal through which they themselves have been 'killed' into art\". While it may be easy to construe that feminist writers embody the \"madwoman\" or \"monster\", Gilbert and Gubar stress the importance of killing off both figures because neither accurately represents women or women writers. Instead, Gilbert and Gubar urge female writers to strive for autonomous self-definition beyond this dichotomy, which they see as imposed by a reductionist patriarchal view of women's roles. They also explore the way women were inhibited in their writing by what they called the Anxiety of Authorship \u2013 the lack of legitimating role-models for the nineteenth-century woman writer."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Philip influence her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she have other influences other than fantasy writers?", "answer": {"text": "by feminist writers such as Virginia Woolf,", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#7", "question": "what was her biggest influence?", "rewrite": "what was Le Guin's biggest influence?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the foreword to \"The Birthday of the World\" collection, Le Guin stated that she had been the subject of a critic\u2019s scorn for writing about slavery; in response, Le Guin asked \"I wonder what planet he lives on?\" Reviewing \"The Birthday of the World\" collection for the \"New York Review of Books\", Canadian author Margaret Atwood wrote that the setting and inspiration of \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" brought it \"very close to home\". Atwood stated that this story provided the strongest demonstration of Le Guin's belief that science fiction reflects the real world; according to Atwood, the story could have reflected any society in the midst of war. Referring to Le Guin as usually being a \"a movingly lyrical writer\", Atwood stated that the story didn't \"[shy] away from necessary gore\". Reviewing \"Far Horizons\" for the \"Washington Post\", Richard Grant was more circumspect about the story, stating \"readers unfamiliar with [Le Guin's] oeuvre\" may not have found the story \"easily approachable. \" The science fiction magazine \"Strange Horizons\" stated that \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was a \"middling\" Le Guin story, which made it a \"fine [work] by most authors' standards.\" A review of \"The Found and the Lost\" in the science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\" offered high praise to the collection, stating that it found \"Le Guin at her most formidable. \" It praised the four stories set on Werel in particular, stating that the \"richness of the culture Le Guin depicts is painfully real, at once beautiful and deplorable.", "Le Guin wrote five subsequent books that are collectively referred to as the \"Earthsea Cycle\", together with \"A Wizard of Earthsea\": \"The Tombs of Atuan\" (1971), \"The Farthest Shore\" (1972), \"Tehanu\" (1990), \"The Other Wind\" (2001), and \"Tales from Earthsea\" (2001). George Slusser described the series as a \"work of high style and imagination\", while Amanda Craig said that \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was \"the most thrilling, wise, and beautiful children's novel ever\". Early concepts for the Earthsea setting were developed in two short stories, \"The Rule of Names\" (1964) and \"The Word of Unbinding\" (1964), both published in \"Fantastic\". The stories were later collected in Le Guin's anthology \"The Wind's Twelve Quarters\" (1975). Earthsea was also used as the setting for a story Le Guin wrote in 1965 or 1966, which was never published. In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of the book) asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Le Guin had no previous experience specifically with the genre of young adult literature, which rose in prominence during the late 1960s. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that she chose the medium of fantasy, and the theme of coming of age, with her intended adolescent audience in mind.", "Ursula K. Le Guin bibliography Ursula K. Le Guin (1929\u20132018) was an American author of speculative fiction, realistic fiction, non-fiction, screenplays, librettos, essays, poetry, speeches, translations, literary critiques, chapbooks, and children's fiction. She was primarily known for her works of speculative fiction. These include works set in the fictional world of Earthsea, stories in the \"Hainish Cycle\", and standalone novels and short stories. Though frequently referred to as an author of science fiction, critics have described her work as being difficult to classify. Le Guin came to critical attention with the publication of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" in 1968, and \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" in 1969. The Earthsea books, of which \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" was the first, have been described as Le Guin's best work by several commentators, while scholar Charlotte Spivack described \"The Left Hand of Darkness\" as having established Le Guin's reputation as a writer of science fiction. Literary critic Harold Bloom referred to the books as Le Guin's masterpieces. Several scholars have called the Earthsea books Le Guin's best work. Her work has received intense critical attention. As of 1999, ten volumes of literary criticism and forty dissertations had been written about her work: she was referred to by scholar Donna White as a \"major figure in American letters\". Her awards include the National Book Award, the Newbery Medal, and multiple Hugo and Nebula Awards. Feminist critiques of her writing were particularly influential upon Le Guin's later work.", "In 1967, Herman Schein (the publisher of Parnassus Press and the husband of Ruth Robbins, the illustrator of \"A Wizard of Earthsea\") asked Le Guin to try writing a book \"for older kids\", giving her complete freedom over the subject and the approach. Drawing from her short stories, Le Guin began work on \"A Wizard of Earthsea\". Le Guin has said that the book was in part a response to the image of wizards as ancient and wise, and to her wondering where they come from. Le Guin later said that her choice of fantasy as a medium, and of the theme of coming of age, was a product of her writing for adolescents. The short stories published in 1964 introduced the world of Earthsea and important concepts in it, such as Le Guin's treatment of magic. Le Guin's depiction of Earthsea was influenced by her familiarity with Native American legends as well as Norse mythology. The influence of Norse lore can be seen in the characters of the Kargs, who are blonde and blue-eyed, and worship two gods who are brothers. Influential in \"The Tombs of Atuan\" is Le Guin's familiarity with anthropology, visible in her description of Kargish culture and cultural differences with the rest of Earthsea. Le Guin's belief in Taoism is visible in the idea of a cosmic \"balance\" in the universe of Earthsea. Le Guin originally intended for \"A Wizard of Earthsea\" to be a standalone novel, but she wrote \"The Tombs of Atuan\" as a sequel after considering the loose ends in the first book, and wrote a third book, \"The Farthest Shore\", a year later after further consideration. Scholars have stated that the civil rights movement, and opposition to the Vietnam War that was gaining prominence during the period \"", "And then to confuse the nobly simple structure of the ideal of human equality by trying to make it real.\" As with many other works by Le Guin, \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" has been described as demonstrating the influence of Taoism on Le Guin's work. Scholar Alexis Lothian wrote that in Le Guin's world, social change was a gradual process: despite the slave revolution, the ideology of the slave-owners was still a powerful force. Though the slaves wait for utopia in the form of the freedom brought by the revolution, they find that they are caught in the \"insanity, the stupidity, the meaningless brutality\" of the actual liberation. Le Guin instead suggests that utopia or liberation is found equally in the small acts of kindness and comfort which Esdan and the slave women share. Thus according to Rochelle, Le Guin's version of true community \"is one of the heart, in which each person\u2019s story is honoured.\" \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" was first published in the 1999 collection \"Far Horizons\", edited by Robert Silverberg, and published by Avon Eos. It was later collected along with five other stories of the Hainish Cycle, the short story \"The Birthday of the World\" and the novella \"Paradises Lost\" in the 2002 collection \"The Birthday of the World and Other Stories\", published by Harper Collins. In 2016 it was published in the collection \"The Found and the Lost\", along with twelve other stories by Le Guin. The volume was marketed as \"The Collected Novellas of Ursula K. Le Guin.\" Penguin Random House published \"Five Ways to Forgiveness\", a collection including the \"Old Music and the Slave Women\" and the four stories from \"Four Ways to Forgiveness\", as an eBook in 2017."], "answer": {"text": "she read J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, which had an enormous impact on her.", "answer_start": 1345}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Philip influence her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she have other influences other than fantasy writers?", "answer": {"text": "by feminist writers such as Virginia Woolf,", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and which other feminist writers?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_420bfcf5d8b344a480ac654f08ee55ad_1_q#8", "question": "what influence did it have?", "rewrite": "what influence did The Lord of the Rings have?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Two Towers (MUD) is also set in Tolkien's world. Lego's licensed theme game version had Japanese anime graphics. Games Workshop have made a miniature wargame called \"The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game\", which, while part of the film trilogy's merchandise, combines elements from both the books and films. Many of Games Workshop's other battle games that are not directly related to the books have had some key background based on it. Several other games have been based directly on \"The Lord of the Rings\" and related works, including, amongst many, Iron Crown Enterprises' \"Middle-earth Role Playing\" game (1982\u20131999) and \"Middle-earth Collectible Card Game\" (1995\u20131999), as well as \"The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game\" (2001) made by Decipher, Inc. All of these predate Jackson's film trilogy except for Decipher's card game, which is part of the latter's merchandise. Decipher also created the \"Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game\", a role-playing game based on the Jackson films. Board games include \"\" and another simply entitled \"Lord of the Rings\", as well as the \"Middle Earth Games\" from Simulations Publications, Inc. containing the games \"War of the Ring\" (strategic, covering all three books), \"Gondor\" (tactical, covering the siege of Minas Tirith) and \"Sauron\" (covering the decisive battle of the Second Age) in 1977. A more recent strategic game covering all three books, called \"War of the Ring\", was released in 2004. There are also \"Trivial Pursuit\" and \"Monopoly\" editions based on \"The Lord of the Rings\", as well as a \"The Lord of the Rings Trivia Game\" quiz game.", "Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings \"The Lord of the Rings\", an epic high fantasy novel by the British author J. R. R. Tolkien, set in his fictional world of Middle-earth, has been adapted several times. Three film adaptations of \"The Lord of the Rings\" have been made. The first was \"The Lord of the Rings\" (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi, the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story. The second, \"The Return of the King\" (1980), was a television special by Rankin-Bass. The third was director Peter Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy, released in three installments as \"\" (2001), \"\" (2002), and \"\" (2003). \"\", a prequel to \"The Lord of the Rings\" trilogy featuring some of the same characters, was released on 12 December 2012, directed by Peter Jackson. \" \" was released on 13 December 2013 and the final installment, \"\", was released on 11 December 2014. A previous animated adaptation of \"The Hobbit\" (1977) exists, and was directed by Jules Bass and Arthur Rankin, Jr.  A Swedish live action television film, \"Sagan om ringen\", inspired by the music album \"Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings\" by Bo Hansson was broadcast in 1971. A Finnish live action television miniseries, \"Hobitit\", was broadcast in 1993 based on the events of \"The Hobbit\" and \"The Lord of the Rings\". Amazon Studios discussed development of a series based on \"The Lord of the Rings\" with Warner Bros. Television and the estate of J. R. R. Tolkien in late 2017.", "The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion (2005) is a nonfiction book written by scholars Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull. It is an annotated reference to J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Lord of the Rings\". Hammond and Scull proceed chapter-by-chapter from the original foreword through to the end of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Appendices, examining the evolution of the text, changes, inconsistencies, and errors, often using comments from Tolkien's own notes and letters. Other sections cover the numerous maps of Middle-earth, chronologies of the story and its writing, and notes on the book and jacket design of the first editions of 1954-55. The book includes some previously unpublished material by Tolkien. It also reprints part of a 1951 letter in which Tolkien explicates, at some length, his conception and vision of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Reprinted for the first time since 1980, and corrected and expanded, is Tolkien's \"Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings\" (previously referred to as \"Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings\"), an index of persons, places, and things designed to aid the translator in rendering Tolkien's work into foreign languages. It is available in both hardcover and paperback. The \"Reader's Companion\" was designed to accompany the revised one-volume 50th anniversary edition of \"The Lord of the Rings\" (Houghton Mifflin, 2004; ). It is not to be confused with Hammond and Scull's similarly-named reference book \"The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion & Guide: Reader's Guide\" (2006).", "A large-scale musical theatre adaptation, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was first staged in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2006 and opened in London in May 2007. The enormous popularity of Tolkien's work expanded the demand for fantasy fiction. Largely thanks to \"The Lord of the Rings,\" the genre flowered throughout the 1960s, and enjoys popularity to the present day. The opus has spawned many imitators, such as \"The Sword of Shannara\", which Lin Carter called \"the single most cold-blooded, complete rip-off of another book that I have ever read\". \"Dungeons & Dragons\", which popularized the role-playing game (RPG) genre in the 1970s, features many races found in \"The Lord of the Rings,\" most notably halflings (another term for hobbits), elves, dwarves, half-elves, orcs, and dragons. However, Gary Gygax, lead designer of the game, maintained that he was influenced very little by \"The Lord of the Rings\", stating that he included these elements as a marketing move to draw on the popularity the work enjoyed at the time he was developing the game. Because D&D has gone on to influence many popular role-playing video games, the influence of \"The Lord of the Rings\" extends to many of them as well, with titles such as \"Dragon Quest\", the \"Ultima\" series, \"EverQuest\", the \"Warcraft\" series, and the \"Elder Scrolls\" series of games as well as video games set in Middle-earth itself. Research also suggests that some consumers of fantasy games derive their motivation from trying to create an epic fantasy narrative which is influenced by \"The Lord of the Rings\".", "Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings (Bo Hansson album) Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings is an instrumental progressive rock album by Swedish musician Bo Hansson. As its title suggests, it is a concept album based on author J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\". The album was originally issued in Sweden in late 1970, under the Swedish title of \"Sagan om ringen\", and was subsequently re-released internationally as \"Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings\" in September 1972. The album reached the Top 40 of the UK Album Chart and was eventually certified gold in the UK and Australia. It was also moderately successful in America, where it reached number 154 on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tapes chart. \" Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings\" remains the only release by Hansson to have reached the UK and US charts and as a result, it is by far his best known and most successful album. Prior to the recording of \"Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings\", Bo Hansson had worked as one half of the duo Hansson & Karlsson. The duo were relatively well known in their native Sweden and between 1967 and 1969 they released a series of well received albums. By early 1969, however, Hansson's musical partner Janne Karlsson had embarked upon a successful career as a television presenter and comedian, resulting in the breakup of the duo. At around the same time, Hansson became fascinated with the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and in particular \"The Lord of the Rings\", after being introduced to the book by a girlfriend. Hansson moved into a friend's apartment and began working on a musical interpretation of the book, producing a number of demo recordings of material that would eventually be included on the album."], "answer": {"text": "it simply showed her what was possible with the fantasy genre.", "answer_start": 1499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what influenced Le Guin?", "answer": {"text": "Le Guin was influenced by fantasy writers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were they?", "answer": {"text": "J. R. R. Tolkien, by science fiction writers,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they influence her?", "answer": {"text": "her influences, she replied: Once I learned to read, I read everything. I read all the famous fantasies", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which other fantasy writer influenced her?", "answer": {"text": "including Philip K. Dick (who was in her high school class,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did Philip influence her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she have other influences other than fantasy writers?", "answer": {"text": "by feminist writers such as Virginia Woolf,", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and which other feminist writers?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her biggest influence?", "answer": {"text": "she read J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, which had an enormous impact on her.", "answer_start": 1345, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08e8c5f9b62b4fd195cf00093eddfc7f_0_q#0", "question": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "rewrite": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4  3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president  1, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president The only all-female slate of electors, all four of whom are the first Democratic women to hold their elected offices.", "Electors: 9, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president <br>\"(Clinton received three votes and Bernie Sanders received one for president.) \" <br>\"(Kaine received three votes and Elizabeth Warren received one for vice president.) \"     Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president Two (Bangerter and Smyser) were replaced on Electoral College Monday, inasmuch as Federal employees cannot be electors.", "Electors: 14, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 15, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 18, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 9, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 38, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president. (One, Christopher Suprun, pledged not to vote for Donald Trump.) <br>\"(Ron Paul received one vote and John Kasich received one vote for president. Carly Fiorina received one vote for vice president)\"", "After the 2016 presidential campaign, Kaine wrote an extensive essay in Foreign Affairs outlining his underlying foreign policy philosophy. According to Kaine, American foreign policy has suffered a lack of direction since the 1990's because the end of the Cold War rendered irrelevant America's previous grand strategy, which Kaine identifies as the Truman Doctrine. This lack of grand strategy makes American actions seem random, complicating the policy making process and hindering efforts by American leaders to convince the general public that American foreign policy is worthwhile. To remedy this, Kaine proposes a new grand strategy based mainly on democracy promotion. Kaine's grand strategy is informed by a tri-polar balance of international power, with one pole being democratic states including the United States and its allies, the second being autocratic powers led by Russia and China, and the third being nonstate actors (multinational corporations, NGOs, gangs, etc.). First, Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years. To maintain democracy in democratic countries, Kaine proposes the creation of an intergovernmental organization consisting of all the world's democracies in which states can cooperate on solutions to problems such as corruption and voter inclusion. He compares this hypothetical group to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in which advanced industrialized countries collaborate on economic policy. Kaine believes that this new organization will help democracies remain democratic, as well as promoting democracy in other countries by providing those countries viable democratic examples for them to emulate. In this way, Kaine says that the United States should no longer see itself as the indispensable nation, but rather the \"exemplary democracy.\" Second, Kaine proposes that democracies should coordinate to best interact with authoritarian states.", "Grand strategy Grand strategy or high strategy comprises the \"purposeful employment of all instruments of power available to a security community\". Issues of grand strategy typically include the choice of primary versus secondary theaters in war, distribution of resources among the various services, the general types of armaments manufacturing to favor, and which international alliances best suit national goals. With considerable overlap with foreign policy, grand strategy focuses primarily on the military implications of policy. A country's political leadership typically directs grand strategy with input from the most senior military officials. Development of a nation's grand strategy may extend across many years or even multiple generations. The concept of grand strategy has been extended to describe multi-tiered strategies in general, including strategic thinking at the level of corporations and political parties. In business, a grand strategy is a general term for a broad statement of strategic action. A grand strategy states the means that will be used to achieve long-term objectives. Examples of business grand strategies that can be customized for a specific firm include: market concentration, market development, product development, innovation, horizontal integration, divestiture, and liquidation. In defining Grand Strategy, military historian B. H. Liddell Hart states: [T]he role of grand strategy \u2013 higher strategy \u2013 is to co-ordinate and direct all the resources of a nation, or band of nations, towards the attainment of the political object of the war \u2013 the goal defined by fundamental policy. Grand strategy should both calculate and develop the economic resources and man-power of nations in order to sustain the fighting services. Also the moral resources \u2013 for to foster the people's willing spirit is often as important as to possess the more concrete forms of power. Grand strategy, too, should regulate the distribution of power between the several services, and between the services and industry."], "answer": {"text": "Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years.", "answer_start": 993}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_08e8c5f9b62b4fd195cf00093eddfc7f_0_q#1", "question": "How did he work to promote democracy?", "rewrite": "How did Tim Kaine work to promote democracy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Electors: 14, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 15, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 18, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 9, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 38, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president. (One, Christopher Suprun, pledged not to vote for Donald Trump.) <br>\"(Ron Paul received one vote and John Kasich received one vote for president. Carly Fiorina received one vote for vice president)\"", "Electors: 9, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president <br>\"(Clinton received three votes and Bernie Sanders received one for president.) \" <br>\"(Kaine received three votes and Elizabeth Warren received one for vice president.) \"     Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president Two (Bangerter and Smyser) were replaced on Electoral College Monday, inasmuch as Federal employees cannot be electors.", "Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4  3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president  1, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president The only all-female slate of electors, all four of whom are the first Democratic women to hold their elected offices.", "In 2005 Democrat Tim Kaine lost the district by 44% to 53% in his gubernatorial race. The District runs from suburban Richmond to northwestern Virginia. Republican incumbent Eric Cantor won against Democratic nominee Anita Hartke, daughter of former Indiana Senator Vance Hartke. Analysts: \"CQ Politics\" rates the seat \"safe Republican\". History: Cantor won by 64%\u201334% in 2006. That year Democrat Webb lost the district 42%\u201357% in his Senate race. In 2005 Democrat Tim Kaine lost the district by 46% to 52% in his gubernatorial race. The District lies in heavily suburban Northern Virginia. Democratic incumbent Jim Moran won against Republican nominee Mark Ellmore and Independent Green J. Ron Fisher. In the June 10, 2008, primary elections, Moran defeated Matthew T. Famiglietti, with 87% of the vote. Ellmore won against Amit Singh, by 56% to 44%. Analysts: \"CQ Politics\" rates the seat \"safe Democrat\". History: Moran won by 66%\u201331% in 2006. That year Democrat Webb won the district 69%\u201330% in his Senate race. In 2005 Democrat Tim Kaine won the district by 70% to 28% in his gubernatorial race. The District covers much of Southwest Virginia. Democratic incumbent Rick Boucher won unopposed for re-election. The Republican Party of Virginia did not list any prospective opponent. Analysts: \"CQ Politics\" rates the seat \"safe Democrat\". History: Boucher won by 68%\u201332% in 2006. That year Democrat Webb lost the district 44%\u201355% in his Senate race. In 2005 Democrat Tim Kaine lost the district by 43% to 55% in his gubernatorial race. The District lies in Northern and northwestern Virginia.", "Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 13, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 12, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president <br>\"(Clinton received eight votes, Colin Powell received three, and Faith Spotted Eagle received one.) \" <br>\"(Kaine received eight votes and Elizabeth Warren, Susan Collins, Maria Cantwell, and Winona LaDuke each received one for vice president.) \"   Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president"], "answer": {"text": "Kaine proposes the creation of an intergovernmental organization consisting of all the world's democracies in which states can cooperate on solutions", "answer_start": 1201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08e8c5f9b62b4fd195cf00093eddfc7f_0_q#2", "question": "Does he have the backing of other politicians?", "rewrite": "Does Tim Kaine have the backing of other politicians besides democrats?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Electors: 9, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president <br>\"(Clinton received three votes and Bernie Sanders received one for president.) \" <br>\"(Kaine received three votes and Elizabeth Warren received one for vice president.) \"     Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president Two (Bangerter and Smyser) were replaced on Electoral College Monday, inasmuch as Federal employees cannot be electors.", "In 2005 and 2006, Democrats Tim Kaine (running for governor) and Jim Webb (in a race for Senator) won nearly all jurisdictions within the Northern Virginia region. Alexandria resident Mark Warner had not won so many jurisdictions when winning the governorship in 2001. By contrast, Warner performed comparatively strongly in rural areas, particularly Southwest Virginia. His campaign had stressed respect for rural cultural values (such as gun rights) and strategies for economic development. In the state's largest city, Virginia Beach (pop. 450,000), most elected officials are Republicans. However, most elected officials in the state's most populous county, Fairfax County (pop. 1,250,000), are Democrats. The Republican Party's strongholds are in the counties of Southwest Virginia, exurban Northern Virginia counties like Stafford, and Richmond suburbs like Hanover County. Democrats are dominant in the inner suburbs of Northern Virginia, the city of Charlottesville and its suburbs in Albemarle County, and industrial Hampton Roads cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Newport News, and Hampton, and also the city of Richmond. The three most significant \"swing districts\" are Loudoun and Prince William counties in Northern Virginia and Henrico County in the Richmond suburbs. All three of these \"swing\" counties voted for President George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004, Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012, and Hillary Clinton in 2016. In the 2018 midterm elections, Loudoun County and Henrico County voted for Democratic members of Congress while Prince William voted for a Republican. All three counties were carried by Tim Kaine and Jim Webb. Democrats have won formerly Republican-held seats in the General Assembly in Loudoun and Prince William counties. In 2009, Governor Tim Kaine proposed to authorize no-excuse early voting in Virginia elections, noting that 26 other states allow it.", "Electors: 14, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 29, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 15, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 18, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 7, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 9, voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 38, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president. (One, Christopher Suprun, pledged not to vote for Donald Trump.) <br>\"(Ron Paul received one vote and John Kasich received one vote for president. Carly Fiorina received one vote for vice president)\"", "In 2015, Gafabusa joined elective politics on the NRM ticket, winning both the party's primaries and the 2016 general elections thereby becoming a member of the 10th Parliament for the Pearl of Africa representing Bwamba County in Bundibugyo District. In the 10th Parliament, Gafabusa serves on the \"Committee on Science and Technology\" and the \"Committee on Legal and Parliamentary Affairs\". He is also a member of the \"Uganda Parliamentary Forum for Children (UPFC)\", the \"Uganda Women's Parliamentary Association (UWOPA)\", the \"Parliamentary Forum for Climate Change (PFCC)\", the \"Uganda Parliamentary Forum on Youth Affairs (UPFYA)\", the \"Parliamentary Forum on Nutrition\", the \"Uganda Parliamentary Prayer Breakfast Fellowship\" and the \"NRM Parliamentary Caucus\". Richard Gafabusa is married to Lillian Kyomugisa Gafabusa and they have four children: Lydia Katusabe Gafabusa, born 20 September 1996; Lloyd Businge Gafabusa, born 14 April 2002; Loice Akugizibwe Alice Gafabusa, born 1 August 2008 and; Lewis Asiimwe Gafabusa, born 31 December 2011. Gafabusa was the speaker of Obudhingiya Bwa Bwamba from 2012 to 2016.", "Electors: 20, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 8, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 4  3, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president  1, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 11, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 16, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, voted for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 10, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 3, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president  Electors: 5, pledged to vote for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president   Electors: 6, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president   Electors: 4, pledged to vote for Hillary Clinton for president and Tim Kaine for vice president The only all-female slate of electors, all four of whom are the first Democratic women to hold their elected offices."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he work to promote democracy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine proposes the creation of an intergovernmental organization consisting of all the world's democracies in which states can cooperate on solutions", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08e8c5f9b62b4fd195cf00093eddfc7f_0_q#3", "question": "What else is interesting about this article?", "rewrite": "What else besides promoting democracy is interesting about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ma Xulun Ma Xulun (, 27 April 18854 May 1970), courtesy name Yichu (), was a Chinese politician, activist, and linguist. He was one of the co-founders of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. Ma Xulun was an early member of the Tongmenghui. He also joined the South Society founded by Liu Yazi. In 1913, Ma founded \"Great Republican Daily\" together with Zhang Taiyan, and became the newspaper's editor-in-chief. In 1913, Ma became a professor at Peking University. During the May Fourth Movement, he was elected to be the president of the Union of Peking High School and College Faculty. In 1921, Ma was appointed as director of education of Zhejiang Province. After the reforms of Beiyang Government, Ma returned to Peking and became twice Deputy Minister of Education. Ma joined Kuomintang in 1923. After the March 18 Massacre, Ma was wanted for opposing Duan Qirui, and fled to Zhejiang. There, Ma called the province governor to support the Northern Expedition against Sun Chuanfang, and was wanted again. After the Kuomintang secured Zhejiang, Ma became Zhejiang's director of civil affairs. He returned to the post of Deputy Minister of Education in 1928. After the Mukden Incident, Ma Xulun founded North China People's Union for Saving the Motherland (\u534e\u5317\u6c11\u4f17\u6551\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u4f1a), and Peking Cultural Society's Union for Saving the Motherland (\u5317\u5e73\u6587\u5316\u754c\u6551\u56fd\u4f1a). In 1936, he persuaded Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang to avoid a civil war and support the war against Japan. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Ma moved to Shanghai and devoted himself to writing. In 1945, Ma Xulun co-founded the China Association for Promoting Democracy along with Xu Guangping, Zhou Jianren and Zhao Puchu.", "China Association for Promoting Democracy The China Association for Promoting Democracy () is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. It was formed on December 12, 1945. The current chairman of the CAPD is Yan Junqi the current vice-chairwoman of the standing committee of the National People's Congress of China.", "In December of the same year, Yan was elected vice chairwoman of the central committee of China Association for Promoting Democracy in the first plenary session of 9th national congress of CAPD. On February 27, 2007, Yan resigned from the position of vice mayor of Shanghai. In April, she resigned as chairwoman of the CAPD Shanghai committee. In July 2007, she was transferred to Beijing and became the vice executive chairwoman of the central committee of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. Such a series of arrangements indicated Yan would soon take charge of the Association. Indeed, on December 7 of 2007, in the first plenary session of the 10th national congress of CAPD, Yan was elected the chairwoman of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. Yan has long studied the Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS), and is an expert in CIMS and virtual manufacturing theory and technology in China. From 1987, she served as chief expert in expert group of \"863 plan\", and organized five high-tech projects at national level. She published over 50 academic papers, and edited and published 6 books. Yan received numerous prizes and honors, including National May 1 Labor Medal, Shanghai science and technology advancement prize 1st class and 2nd class, and sci. and tech. advancement prize of national education commission. She also won the title of \"National Young Expert with Outstanding Achievement\", among other honors. The former president of the Republic of China, Yen Chia-kan, was Yan's family uncle, was also from Wuxian, Jiangsu ancestrally. Yen's offspring all bear the name \"Jun\" (\u96bd). For example, his son, Yan Juntai (\u4e25\u96bd\u6cf0) was the general manager of Tangrong Company.", "Yan Junqi Yan Junqi (; born August 1946) is the vice chairwoman of the standing committee of the National People's Congress of China, and the national chair of the China Association for Promoting Democracy, a legally recognized non-Communist political party in China. Yan was born in Wu County, Jiangsu Province (a present-day urban district of Suzhou), and graduated from department of mechanical engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Her father died when she was six, and along other 4 siblings, she was raised by her mother in harsh conditions. After graduating from SJTU in August 1968, Yan was sent to work in Woniu Coal Mine in Xuzhou. After the Cultural Revolution, Yan was enrolled again in the department of mechanic engineering of SJTU in 1978 and obtained her master's degree in 1981. She then became a teacher at the university. Before long, Yan was sent to study in Denmark, and obtained her doctorate degree in the department of naval engineering of the school of mechanics at Technical University of Denmark in 1986. Since returning to China, Yan had been teaching and doing research at SJTU and was elevated to become a member of 7-person expert group of the \"863 plan\". She served as dean of the school of mechanical and power engineering and president assistant of SJTU. In 2000, Yan entered the government and became the vice director of the information office of Shanghai municipal government. She was also elected vice chairwoman of the Shanghai committee of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. In 2001, Yan was appointed as vice mayor of Shanghai, responsible for science and technology, education and women and children affairs. In June 2002, she was elected the chairwoman of the Shanghai committee of the China Association for Promoting Democracy.", "Zhu Yongxin Zhu Yongxin (Chinese:\u6731\u6c38\u65b0; born August 1958) is the deputy secretary general of 12th of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the vice chairman of China Association for Promoting Democracy, vice president of Chinese Society of Education (CSE). He also works as a professor and PhD supervisor in Soochow University. He was born in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. Zhu Yongxin was born August 1958 in Dafeng County, Jiangsu. His father is a local teacher in Dafeng. Zhu entered Soochow University in 1977, majoring in educational psychology, as the first enrollment through Gaokao after the Cultural Revolution. After two years, he was sent to study at Shanghai Normal University to meet the shortfall of teachers at Soochow University. Since returning to Suzhou in 1982, Zhu had been teaching and doing research at Soochow University and became an associate Professor in 1987. He has also taken the position dean of Academic Affairs Office at Soochow University by 1997. After that, Zhu entered the government, becoming vice mayor of Suzhou and is responsible for education, science, culture,and health field. Until 2007, he was selected to the vice chairman of China Association for Promoting Democracy. Professor Zhu Yongxin researches on education of China, over the past 20 years, he has published more than 400 papers on education and over 30 works domestically and abroad. He is also the editor of \"Contemporary Japanese Education Series\", \"Education in the new century library\", \"New education\" and others. Furthermore, he has undertaken UNESCO commissioned research projects, National Natural Science Fund, the National Social Science fund. As a professor and PhD advisor in Suzhou University, Zhu is the initiator of the program New Education Experiment."], "answer": {"text": "This lack of grand strategy makes American actions seem random, complicating the policy making process and hindering efforts by American leaders", "answer_start": 368}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he work to promote democracy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine proposes the creation of an intergovernmental organization consisting of all the world's democracies in which states can cooperate on solutions", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have the backing of other politicians?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08e8c5f9b62b4fd195cf00093eddfc7f_0_q#4", "question": "What do other countries thing of the policy?", "rewrite": "What do other countries besides the Unites States think of the policy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the date, Heather gets her first tattoo, which is the word \"Bret\" on the back of her neck. During the time at the house, the super fans join the girls for drinks and conversation. The super fans and Jes (with \"help\" from Brandi M. and Lacey) convince Sam not to leave the house, and she agrees. Lacey admits in a voiceover that she is just going along to talk to Sam to look good. The super fans challenge Lacey and say that she has not shown anything real yet, and Lacey turns on the waterworks, suggesting that no one knows how sensitive she truly is. Later in another voiceover, she insinuates she was being disingenuous again. After returning from his date with Heather, Bret meets with the super fans again and they tell him that Jes is special and that Lacey is not for him. Bret states that all the other girls in the house think Lacey is crazy, so why not his super fans? At the elimination, Heather gets the first pass, followed by Jes, then Brandi M., leaving only Lacey and Sam. Bret calls Lacey down and gives her the last pass and then tells Sam that her tour has ended. Sam promises to remain friends and Bret tells her that he hoped she would say they would remain more. After sharing a long passionate kiss, Sam leaves the house and says that if Bret has to make her go home that was the way to do it. \"First aired September 9, 2007\" This episode takes place in Las Vegas, where the four remaining contestants watch Bret perform and also experience the band's rock-and-roll lifestyle.", "In the United States, think tank publications on education are subjected to expert review by the National Education Policy Center's \"Think Twice\" think tank review project. A 2014 \"New York Times\" report asserted that foreign governments buy influence at many United States think tanks. According to the article: \"More than a dozen prominent Washington research groups have received tens of millions of dollars from foreign governments in recent years while pushing United States government officials to adopt policies that often reflect the donors\u2019 priorities.\" Ghana's first president, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, set up various state-supported think tanks in the 1960s. By the 1990s, a variety of policy research centers sprang up in Africa set up by academics who sought to influence public policy in Ghana. One such think tank was The Institute of Economic Affairs, Ghana, which was founded in 1989 when the country was ruled by the Provisional National Defence Council. The IEA undertakes and publishes research on a range of economic and governance issues confronting Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been involved in bringing political parties together to engage in dialogue. In particular it has organised Presidential debates every election year since the Ghanaian presidential election, 1996. Notable think tanks in Ghana include: According to the Global Go Think Tank Report 2012, there are 14 think tanks in Armenia , the majority of which are located in Yerevan. Notable think tanks in Armenia include the Economic Development and Research Center (EDRC) and International Center for Human Development (ICHD). Bangladesh has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental and corporate organizations. In the People's Republic of China a number of think tanks are sponsored by governmental agencies like Development Research Center of the State Council, but still retain sufficient non-official status to be able to propose and debate ideas more freely.", "While Lacey is in the bathroom, Sam asks Bret why he is keeping Lacey around when he knows that she can be manipulative. Bret now sheepishly admits he doesn't know why. After the date, Jes's solo date is revealed to be a motorcycle ride to the beach. Back at the house, Brandi M. and Heather take photos of each other in suggestive poses, including several topless pictures, to show Bret that they are capable of taking sexy photos. After they take several pictures, they stick them to the door of his room for him to see. Bret is certainly surprised by the pictures. Mia tries to discuss the situation with Bret, but he decides it is too late for explanations. At dinner, Lacey begins to talk about her animal rights interests, which annoys Brandi M. and causes her to go to her room complaining of a headache. Brandi tells Bret that she is annoyed with Lacey. Bret notices that no one else likes Lacey, and that she might not just be \"crazy for me,\" but \"really crazy.\" During elimination, Bret says that any connection he feels with Mia is \"too little, too late. \" Mia is eliminated. \"First aired September 2, 2007\" Bret's \"super fans\" interview and interact with the remaining five contestants. The three women ask pointed and prying questions to get truthful answers. The super fans praise Heather and Jes but give Brandi M, Sam and Lacey a rough time. Sam is now depressed and questions if she should even stay in the game. After the interviews, the super fans decide that Heather should go on the date with Bret, and while they are on their date, the super fans spend time with Jes, Brandi M, Sam and Lacey.", "Thai Americans Thai Americans (; formerly referred to as Siamese Americans) are Americans who, or whose ancestors, came from Thailand. According to the MPI Data Hub, there are 253,585 Thai people who immigrated to the Unites States as of 2016, composing 0.0057% of all immigrants that year. In comparing data from the MPI Data Hub to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are significant inconsistencies of total current population. According to the U.S. Census, there are currently 300,319 Thai people living in the Unites States today, with an error margin of +/- 14,326. Thai immigration to the United States proceeded very slowly. It began in earnest during and after the Vietnam War, in which Thailand was an ally of the US and South Vietnam. Records show that in the decade between 1960 and 1970, some 5,000 Thais immigrated to the United States. In the following decade, the number increased to 44,000. From 1981 to 1990, approximately 64,400 Thai citizens moved to the United States. The general trend of Thai immigration can be stated at a relatively steady rising pace save for the peak in 2006, which marks the dissolution of the Thai Parliament in February and a subsequent coup in the following September. From 2007-2008, numbers dip back down to regular rate until 2009, which proceeded a year of military and political turmoil due to the disconnect between the monarchic Royal Army and the relatively newly established democratic government in 2006. According to the 2000 census there were 150,093 Thais in the United States. In 2009, 304,160 US residents listed themselves as Thais. Los Angeles, California, has the largest Thai population outside of Asia. It is home to the world's first Thai Town.", "The Mexico-United States border has been one of the major hubs for human trafficking due to the presence of gang networks and secret routes through the border. Mexico's social instability, low average standards of living compared to the United States and proximity to the United States, makes it one of the most active hubs for human and sex trafficking into California. A conservative estimate made in 2000, claims that around 100,000 women are constantly trafficked around Latin American borders for prostitution. More recently, the U.S. Department of State estimated that there were as much as 20,000 young women and children trafficked across the Mexican border each year. It starts with Mexican drug trafficking organizations and gangs supplying local American gangs with the smuggled victims. Two of the prominent Mexican routes for human trafficking share borders with the U.S. at Beja California and Chihuahua. It is estimated that around 800,000 adults and 20,000 children are yearly victims of human trafficking in Mexico. Mexico is an important destination to human traffickers as it serves as both a destination and origination point for trafficking men, women and children. It has also become a stopover for the transportation of victims to places such as Unites States, Brazil, Guatemala and El Salvador. The greatest location of human trafficking is the Unites States-Mexican border as it offers unemployed persons in Mexico a chance to go through to the United States, where they believe they would get a good paying job and start a new life. Mexican cartels are the main players when it comes to both seducing people into human trafficking and transporting/ smuggling them into the United States. These Mexican cartels have built approximately 75 cross-border trafficking and smuggling tunnels, some of which that go into California."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tim Kaine's grand strategy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine believes that the United States should work to support democracy in already democratic countries, as democracy globally has been declining for many years.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he work to promote democracy?", "answer": {"text": "Kaine proposes the creation of an intergovernmental organization consisting of all the world's democracies in which states can cooperate on solutions", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have the backing of other politicians?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "This lack of grand strategy makes American actions seem random, complicating the policy making process and hindering efforts by American leaders", "answer_start": 368, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_32307aba64bc47819cfcd8347f075c1b_1_q#0", "question": "What made Anna Ella Carroll get into politics?", "rewrite": "What made Anna Ella Carroll get into politics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All of these family surnames and other related septs, are members of the Clan of Cian - the Cianachta. A branch of the Carrolls moved to Colonial Maryland and were prominent Roman Catholics. They played a formative role in the foundation of the United States of America as Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the United States Declaration of Independence. First cousins of Charles Carroll of Carrollton were Daniel Carroll, who signed the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution, and Daniel's brother, the Bishop John Carroll, who was the first Bishop and Archbishop of the United States and Founder of Georgetown University. A distant cousin of this branch of the Carroll family was Charles Carroll (barrister), a convert to Anglicanism. Other notable Carrolls were Brigadier General Samuel S. Carroll, Thomas King Carroll and daughter Anna Ella Carroll, and James Carroll. The Carrolls of Maryland have also intermarried with the \"Blenheim branch\" of the Lee family of Virginia. In addition to these individuals, the Mitchell family of Maryland claim descent from the aforementioned Charles Carroll of Carrollton through the line of their founding matriarch Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson who, in addition to being a descendant of his, is revered today as one of the earliest and most prominent of the leaders of the civil rights movement. The Carroll family are famed for the number of beautiful homes and manors they have built across Maryland. Most famous is Doughoregan Manor, which remains a family seat in the possession of descendants of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who is buried there. Another early residence of this branch of the family was the Carroll House of Annapolis. The later Homewood House was the birthplace of Governor John Lee Carroll, and is now a part of Johns Hopkins University.", "The purpose of that society was to give poor women medical treatment at the hands of other women. Also the Woman's Medical College was the outcome. From that hospital was developed in the course of time a medical college for women. Later, Hussey's only daughter studied her profession first in the college and then in the infirmary. In that hospital, she endowed a child's bed in the memory of her father. The family moved to Orange, New Jersey. As her children grew up, Hussey took an active interest in the woman suffrage movement, and became a member of the executive committee of the American Woman Suffrage Association. Subsequently, on the request of Susan B. Anthony, she was made vice-president for New Jersey of the National Woman Suffrage Association. She retained those positions during a number of years. In 1876, efforts were made in several large cities to permit the licensing of the social evil, and Hussey, always interested in efforts for social purity, was chosen secretary of the committee formed to oppose such legislation. When that work had been brought to a successful termination, Hussey became interested in the claim of Anna Ella Carroll for a government pension, on account of services rendered during the civil war. Hussey raised for Carroll who planned the Tennessee Campaign, that is said to have brought the war to a close. She afterwards aided in the support of Carroll. Through her efforts, considerable sums of money were raised by private subscription, and articles were published in some of the leading magazines on the work of Carroll. For at least two decades, Hussey contributed numerous articles to the \"Woman's Journal\" and various other reform periodicals, as well as to the papers of her State. She was one of the fourteen original members of the Woman's Club of Orange, and a trustee of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.", "Kingston Hall Kingston Hall is a historic home located at Kingston, Somerset County, Maryland. Located along the Big Annemessex River, it is a Georgian style dwelling of two stories plus an attic, three bays wide by two deep, connected by a one-story brick hyphen to a two-story-plus-loft brick kitchen wing. Also on the property is the brick, circular ice house. The interior of the house features corner fireplaces. Interior woodwork mouldings are in a transitional style, bridging late Georgian and Federal styles. The house was built by Thomas King on an parcel of King family land named \"Conclusion.\" Work began in 1855. At the time the property included the house, the two-story brick kitchen wing, a dairy, a blacksmith shop. a granary, two barns, a \"negro house\", a stable, a carriage house, a corn house, three log houses and a smoke house. After King's death, his daughter and son-in-law Henry James Carroll resided at Kingston Hall. Their son Thomas King Carroll (1793-1873) was born there and inherited the property. Thomas was briefly governor of Maryland 1830-31. Thomas's daughter Anna Ella Carroll (1815-1894), an advisor to Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, was born there. Thomas King Carroll's accumulated debts forced the sale of the property in 1835. The new owner was John Upshur Dennis, whose family was also politically well-connected. Dennis's son George Robertson Dennis served in the United States Senate and three relatives were U.S. Representatives in Congress. Kingston Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.", "Sarah Ellen Blackwell Sarah Ellen Blackwell (1828\u20131901) was an American author, biographer, and artist. Sarah Ellen Blackwell was the youngest daughter of Hannah (Lane) Blackwell and Samuel Blackwell, a sugar refiner and lay preacher. She was born in Bristol, England, and her family emigrated to the United States four years later, eventually settling in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father died when she was a child, and she was educated in part by her older sisters, the physicians Elizabeth Blackwell and Emily Blackwell. Other siblings included the abolitionist Samuel Charles Blackwell and the social reformer Henry Browne Blackwell. Blackwell was interested in the arts, and around 1850 she began studying art at the newly opened Philadelphia School of Design for Women; she also took classes in New York. In 1855, she went to Europe to continue her training, studying design in Paris before moving on to study painting in London with John Ruskin. She funded her trip in part by writing weekly letters for two Philadelphia newspapers, an opportunity that opened up after one of her stories won a prize in a magazine contest. On her return to New York after four years in Europe, she opened a studio and began teaching painting and drawing. She eventually closed this studio in order to work with her physician sisters, though she continued to write for magazines and newspapers. She published a series of letters about Anna Ella Carroll, whose role as an adviser to President Lincoln's cabinet during the American Civil War was being much discussed at the time by feminists. In 1891, she published the first full-length biography of Carroll, the well-researched but partisan \"A Military Genius: Life of Anna Ella Carroll\". More recent biographies and analyses generally take a more moderate view of Carroll's accomplishments than Blackwell did. Blackwell was active in the anti-vivisection movement.", "Thomas King Carroll Thomas King Carroll (April 29, 1793 \u2013 October 3, 1873) served as the 21st Governor of the state of Maryland in the United States from 1830 to 1831. He also served as a judge, and in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1816 to 1817. He was born at Kingston Hall, in Somerset County, Maryland on April 29, 1793, the son of Col. Henry James Carroll and Elizabeth (Barnes) King. He was related to Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He attended Charlotte Hall School, then in 1802, he entered Washington Academy in Somerset County where he remained for the next eight years. He then become a junior at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 1811. Carroll studied law, first in the office of Ephraim King Wilson in Snow Hill, then under Robert Goodloe Harper in Baltimore. On June 23, 1814, he had married Julianna Stevenson and they had nine children, one of whom was Anna Ella Carroll (1815\u20131893). Following his father\u2019s death, he returned to Kingston Hall where he became the manager of the family\u2019s estate. Shortly after, he became active in the political affairs of that county. During the sessions of 1816 and 1817, Carroll was elected without opposition to the House of Delegates. He was a member of the Levy Court of Somerset County between July 1825 and Feb