{"answer_text": "has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion", "paraphrase": "US$411 billion", "answer_start": 536, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#1@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion", "paraphrase": "US$411 billion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#1@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "2011", "paraphrase": "2011", "answer_start": 592, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#2@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "2011", "paraphrase": "2011", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#2@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$4", "paraphrase": "Greater Mexico City", "answer_start": 516, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#3@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$4", "paraphrase": "Greater Mexico City", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#3@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " largest metropolitan areas in the world", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 660, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#4@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " largest metropolitan areas in the world", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#4@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product ", "paraphrase": "15.8%", "answer_start": 742, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#5@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product ", "paraphrase": "15.8%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#5@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP", "paraphrase": "about 22%", "answer_start": 791, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#6@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP", "paraphrase": "about 22%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#6@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "As an \"alpha\" global city", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 172, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#7@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "As an \"alpha\" global city", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#7@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico ", "paraphrase": "alpha", "answer_start": 172, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#8@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico ", "paraphrase": "alpha", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#8@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Valley of Mexico", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 296, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#9@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Valley of Mexico", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#9@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Valley of Mexico", "paraphrase": "Valley of Mexico", "answer_start": 295, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#10@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Valley of Mexico", "paraphrase": "Valley of Mexico", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#10@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "altitude of 2,240 metres", "paraphrase": "2,240 metres", "answer_start": 399, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#11@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "altitude of 2,240 metres", "paraphrase": "2,240 metres", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#11@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " important financial centers in the Americas", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#12@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " important financial centers in the Americas", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#12@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "sixteen municipalities", "paraphrase": "sixteen", "answer_start": 457, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#13@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "sixteen municipalities", "paraphrase": "sixteen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#13@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " municipalities", "paraphrase": "municipalities", "answer_start": 464, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#14@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " municipalities", "paraphrase": "municipalities", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#14@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "(previously called boroughs", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 480, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#15@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "(previously called boroughs", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#15@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " called boroughs", "paraphrase": "boroughs", "answer_start": 491, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#16@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " called boroughs", "paraphrase": "boroughs", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#16@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 891, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#17@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#17@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "paraphrase": "Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "answer_start": 890, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#18@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "paraphrase": "Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#18@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "bout the same size as Peru's", "paraphrase": "Peru", "answer_start": 996, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#19@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "bout the same size as Peru's", "paraphrase": "Peru", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#19@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Costa Rica's", "paraphrase": "Costa Rica", "answer_start": 978, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#20@pos", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Costa Rica's", "paraphrase": "Costa Rica", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#20@neg", "qid": "3i3wadaz9q4h3agmxb26wmxr0y05of_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, ", "paraphrase": "of a cappella singing,", "answer_start": 777, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#1@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, ", "paraphrase": "of a cappella singing,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#1@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, ", "paraphrase": "singing without instrumental accompaniment,", "answer_start": 69, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#2@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, ", "paraphrase": "singing without instrumental accompaniment,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#2@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "(Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\"", "paraphrase": "\"in the manner of the chapel\"", "answer_start": 25, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#3@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "(Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\"", "paraphrase": "\"in the manner of the chapel\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#3@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form", "paraphrase": "Usually", "answer_start": 894, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#4@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form", "paraphrase": "Usually", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#4@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, i", "paraphrase": "in the early Baroque", "answer_start": 893, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#5@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, i", "paraphrase": "in the early Baroque", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#5@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. ", "paraphrase": "the majority of secular vocal music was", "answer_start": 830, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#6@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. ", "paraphrase": "the majority of secular vocal music was", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#6@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1031, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#7@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#7@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": 1031, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#8@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#8@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": ". Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Jewish and Christian", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#9@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": ". Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Jewish and Christian", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#9@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Islam", "answer_start": 1031, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#10@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "paraphrase": "Islam", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#10@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "A cappella", "answer_start": 594, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#12@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "A cappella", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#12@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "rarely", "answer_start": 594, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#13@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "rarely", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#13@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. ", "paraphrase": "cantata", "answer_start": 198, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#14@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. ", "paraphrase": "cantata", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#14@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 255, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#15@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#15@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 255, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#16@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#16@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.", "paraphrase": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 255, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#17@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.", "paraphrase": "Renaissance", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#17@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 255, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#18@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#18@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "In the 19th century", "answer_start": 378, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#19@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "In the 19th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#19@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "oupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 443, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#20@pos", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "oupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#20@neg", "qid": "3u0srxb7cd5oqce8t3fwky2i253nrd_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is a body of treaties", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#1@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is a body of treaties", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#1@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation", "paraphrase": "of treaties and legislation", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#2@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation", "paraphrase": "of treaties and legislation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#2@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The three sources of European Union law", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": 183, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#3@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The three sources of European Union law", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#3@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law", "paraphrase": "primary law", "answer_start": 183, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#4@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law", "paraphrase": "primary law", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#4@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "secondary law and supplementary law", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 240, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#5@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "secondary law and supplementary law", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#5@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " European Union law are primary law, secondary law", "paraphrase": "secondary law", "answer_start": 203, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#6@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " European Union law are primary law, secondary law", "paraphrase": "secondary law", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#6@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "paraphrase": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "answer_start": 277, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#7@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "paraphrase": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#7@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Secondary sources include regulations and directives ", "paraphrase": "regulations and directives", "answer_start": 359, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#8@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Secondary sources include regulations and directives ", "paraphrase": "regulations and directives", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#8@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The legislature of the European Union ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 445, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#9@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The legislature of the European Union ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#9@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "he legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": 446, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#10@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "he legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#10@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "he legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "paraphrase": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "answer_start": 446, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#11@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "he legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "paraphrase": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#11@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "which under the Treaties may establish secondary law", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 573, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#12@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "which under the Treaties may establish secondary law", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#12@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is applied by the courts", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 677, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#13@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "European Union law is applied by the courts", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#13@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "uropean Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives", "paraphrase": "law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states,", "answer_start": 923, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#14@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "uropean Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives", "paraphrase": "law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#14@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "he European Court of Justice is the highest court ", "paraphrase": "he European Court of Justice", "answer_start": 1157, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#15@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "he European Court of Justice is the highest court ", "paraphrase": "he European Court of Justice", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#15@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law", "paraphrase": "interprets European Union law", "answer_start": 1156, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#16@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law", "paraphrase": "interprets European Union law", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#16@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice,", "paraphrase": "case law by the Court of Justice,", "answer_start": 1245, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#17@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice,", "paraphrase": "case law by the Court of Justice,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#17@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "nternational law and general principles of European Union law.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1332, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#18@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "nternational law and general principles of European Union law.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#18@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "international law ", "paraphrase": "international law", "answer_start": 1331, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#19@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "international law ", "paraphrase": "international law", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#19@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "general principles of European Union law.", "paraphrase": "general principles of European Union law.", "answer_start": 1353, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#20@pos", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "general principles of European Union law.", "paraphrase": "general principles of European Union law.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#20@neg", "qid": "392cy0qwg1rpb51jlb6r7xvrot54id_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " inhabited Great Britain", "paraphrase": "inhabited Great Britain", "answer_start": 34, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#1@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " inhabited Great Britain", "paraphrase": "inhabited Great Britain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#1@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "5th century", "paraphrase": "5th century", "answer_start": 68, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#2@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "5th century", "paraphrase": "5th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#2@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Anglo-Saxon", "paraphrase": "Anglo-Saxon", "answer_start": 252, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#3@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Anglo-Saxon", "paraphrase": "Anglo-Saxon", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#3@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Old English", "paraphrase": "Old English", "answer_start": 1009, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#4@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Old English", "paraphrase": "Old English", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#4@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Germanic tribes", "paraphrase": "yes mainly from Germanic tribes", "answer_start": 107, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#5@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Germanic tribes", "paraphrase": "yes mainly from Germanic tribes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#5@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "in Britain between about 450 and 106", "paraphrase": "in Britain between about 450 and 106", "answer_start": 342, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#6@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "in Britain between about 450 and 106", "paraphrase": "in Britain between about 450 and 106", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#6@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "1066", "paraphrase": "1066", "answer_start": 375, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#7@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "1066", "paraphrase": "1066", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#7@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Norman conquest.", "paraphrase": "no up untl", "answer_start": 429, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#8@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Norman conquest.", "paraphrase": "no up untl", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#8@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Anglo-Saxons", "paraphrase": "Anglo-Saxons", "answer_start": 1043, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#9@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Anglo-Saxons", "paraphrase": "Anglo-Saxons", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#9@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " kings", "paraphrase": "kings", "answer_start": 1684, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#10@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " kings", "paraphrase": "kings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#10@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "kin groups remained...the essential unit ", "paraphrase": "kin groups remained...the essential unit", "answer_start": 1835, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#11@pos", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "kin groups remained...the essential unit ", "paraphrase": "kin groups remained...the essential unit", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#11@neg", "qid": "33ppo7fecvf2b1kcem7ka1px1e5idr_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\":", "paraphrase": "The common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\"", "answer_start": 217, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#1@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\":", "paraphrase": "The common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#1@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\":", "paraphrase": "Fort", "answer_start": 217, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#2@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\":", "paraphrase": "Fort", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#2@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "(England), \"burgh\"", "paraphrase": "Burgh", "answer_start": 339, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#3@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "(England), \"burgh\"", "paraphrase": "Burgh", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#3@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\"", "paraphrase": "brough", "answer_start": 281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#4@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\"", "paraphrase": "brough", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#4@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\"", "paraphrase": "Bury", "answer_start": 280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#5@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\"", "paraphrase": "Bury", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#5@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. ", "paraphrase": "It usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements.", "answer_start": 698, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#6@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. ", "paraphrase": "It usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#6@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. ", "paraphrase": "Many", "answer_start": 698, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#7@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. ", "paraphrase": "Many", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#7@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n", "paraphrase": "Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, and Tilbury", "answer_start": 698, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#8@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n", "paraphrase": "Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, and Tilbury", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#8@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament", "paraphrase": "To elect members of parliament", "answer_start": 1108, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#9@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament", "paraphrase": "To elect members of parliament", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#9@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great.", "paraphrase": "Alfred the Great.", "answer_start": 1189, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#10@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great.", "paraphrase": "Alfred the Great.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#10@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#11@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#11@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#12@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#12@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs);", "paraphrase": "A system of defensive strong points", "answer_start": 1280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#13@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs);", "paraphrase": "A system of defensive strong points", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#13@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "Burhs", "answer_start": 1280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#14@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs)", "paraphrase": "Burhs", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#14@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#15@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#15@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy.", "paraphrase": "He granted them a degree of autonomy.", "answer_start": 1281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#16@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy.", "paraphrase": "He granted them a degree of autonomy.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#16@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1418, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#17@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#17@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "After the Norman Conquest", "answer_start": 1418, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#18@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "After the Norman Conquest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#18@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1418, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#19@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#19@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "\"burg\" (Romanian)", "paraphrase": "Burg", "answer_start": 607, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#20@pos", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "\"burg\" (Romanian)", "paraphrase": "Burg", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#20@neg", "qid": "33f859i566d909b8u8ytfz0iyg9bhf_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " Type-A and Type-B plugs", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": 976, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#1@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Type-A and Type-B plugs", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#1@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A and Type-B plugs", "paraphrase": "Type A and B", "answer_start": 977, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#2@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A and Type-B plugs", "paraphrase": "Type A and B", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#2@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "computer or electronic device.", "paraphrase": "computer or electronic", "answer_start": 1047, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#3@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "computer or electronic device.", "paraphrase": "computer or electronic", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#3@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B.", "paraphrase": "Type-A or a Type-B.", "answer_start": 583, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#4@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B.", "paraphrase": "Type-A or a Type-B.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#4@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A socket provides power.", "paraphrase": "Type-A", "answer_start": 749, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#5@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A socket provides power.", "paraphrase": "Type-A", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#5@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 779, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#6@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#6@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment", "paraphrase": "prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment", "answer_start": 651, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#7@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment", "paraphrase": "prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#7@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully.", "paraphrase": "carefully.", "answer_start": 801, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#8@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully.", "paraphrase": "carefully.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#8@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "paraphrase": "Type-A", "answer_start": 1102, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#9@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "paraphrase": "Type-A", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#9@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Type-B side can vary as needed.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1153, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#10@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Type-B side can vary as needed.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#10@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "standardize the connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "connection of devices", "answer_start": 20, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#11@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "standardize the connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "connection of devices", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#11@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "ommonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 284, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#12@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "ommonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#12@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports,", "paraphrase": "serial and parallel ports,", "answer_start": 363, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#13@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports,", "paraphrase": "serial and parallel ports,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#13@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "connection of devices", "answer_start": 35, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#14@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "connection of devices", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#14@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "computer part", "answer_start": 36, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#15@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "connection of computer peripherals", "paraphrase": "computer part", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#15@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "o personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power.", "paraphrase": "personal computers", "answer_start": 197, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#16@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "o personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power.", "paraphrase": "personal computers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#16@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " personal computers, both to communicate", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 198, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#17@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " personal computers, both to communicate", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#17@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "ncluding keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 73, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#18@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "ncluding keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#18@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "(including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 71, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#19@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "(including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#19@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " Ethernet, HDMI", "paraphrase": "Ethernet, HDMI", "answer_start": 551, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#20@pos", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " Ethernet, HDMI", "paraphrase": "Ethernet, HDMI", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#20@neg", "qid": "3wj1oxy92agboo5nlq4r7bndd6f8a1_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island", "paraphrase": "Easter Island", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#1@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island", "paraphrase": "Easter Island", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#1@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean", "paraphrase": "the Pacific Ocean", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#2@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean", "paraphrase": "the Pacific Ocean", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#2@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "111 inhabitants in 1877", "paraphrase": "111", "answer_start": 1075, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#3@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "111 inhabitants in 1877", "paraphrase": "111", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#3@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "European arrival in 1722", "paraphrase": "1722", "answer_start": 811, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#4@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "European arrival in 1722", "paraphrase": "1722", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#4@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island,", "paraphrase": "Pitcairn Island", "answer_start": 1174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#5@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island,", "paraphrase": "Pitcairn Island", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#5@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "50 residents", "paraphrase": "50", "answer_start": 1209, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#6@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "50 residents", "paraphrase": "50", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#6@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "50 residents in 2013", "paraphrase": "2013", "answer_start": 1209, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#7@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "50 residents in 2013", "paraphrase": "2013", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#7@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Polynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE", "paraphrase": "sometime between 700 and 1100 CE", "answer_start": 380, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#8@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Polynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE", "paraphrase": "sometime between 700 and 1100 CE", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#8@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "monumental statues, called \"moai\"", "paraphrase": "monumental statues", "answer_start": 181, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#9@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "monumental statues, called \"moai\"", "paraphrase": "monumental statues", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#9@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "887 extant monumental statues", "paraphrase": "887", "answer_start": 170, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#10@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "887 extant monumental statues", "paraphrase": "887", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#10@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site", "paraphrase": "In 1995", "answer_start": 254, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#11@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site", "paraphrase": "In 1995", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#11@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site", "paraphrase": "UNESCO", "answer_start": 263, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#12@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site", "paraphrase": "UNESCO", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#12@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation", "paraphrase": "human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation", "answer_start": 606, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#13@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation", "paraphrase": "human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#13@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "\"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people", "paraphrase": "the early Rapa Nui people", "answer_start": 208, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#14@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "\"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people", "paraphrase": "the early Rapa Nui people", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#14@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000", "paraphrase": "2,000\u20133,000", "answer_start": 796, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#15@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000", "paraphrase": "2,000\u20133,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#15@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#16@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#16@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island", "paraphrase": "It is Chilean.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#17@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Easter Island is a Chilean island", "paraphrase": "It is Chilean.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#17@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea", "paraphrase": "Rikitea", "answer_start": 1257, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#18@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea", "paraphrase": "Rikitea", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#18@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "with a population over 500", "paraphrase": "over 500", "answer_start": 1274, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#19@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "with a population over 500", "paraphrase": "over 500", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#19@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva,", "paraphrase": "Mangareva", "answer_start": 1304, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#20@pos", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva,", "paraphrase": "Mangareva", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#20@neg", "qid": "345lhzdedxs920dffeqmgvrw4wku3u_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3", "paraphrase": "10,000,000\u20a3", "answer_start": 456, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#1@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3", "paraphrase": "10,000,000\u20a3", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#1@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad", "paraphrase": "Games of the VIII Olympiad", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#2@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad", "paraphrase": "Games of the VIII Olympiad", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#2@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad,", "paraphrase": "The 1924 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#3@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad,", "paraphrase": "The 1924 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#3@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 660, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#4@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#4@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 985, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#5@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#5@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris", "paraphrase": "Paris", "answer_start": 53, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#6@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris", "paraphrase": "Paris", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#6@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900", "paraphrase": "after 1900", "answer_start": 160, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#7@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900", "paraphrase": "after 1900", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#7@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": 253, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#8@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#8@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#9@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#9@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3", "paraphrase": "5,496,610\u20a3", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#10@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3", "paraphrase": "5,496,610\u20a3", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#10@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "126 events", "paraphrase": "126 events", "answer_start": 660, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#11@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "126 events", "paraphrase": "126 events", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#11@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924.", "paraphrase": "23 disciplines", "answer_start": 660, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#12@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924.", "paraphrase": "23 disciplines", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#12@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924.", "paraphrase": "174.", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#13@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924.", "paraphrase": "174.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#13@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "paraphrase": "Seventeen", "answer_start": 821, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#14@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "paraphrase": "Seventeen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#14@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. ", "paraphrase": "44", "answer_start": 985, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#15@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. ", "paraphrase": "44", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#15@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Germany was still absent", "paraphrase": "Germany", "answer_start": 1043, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#16@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Germany was still absent", "paraphrase": "Germany", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#16@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " China (although did not compete),", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1121, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#17@pos", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " China (although did not compete),", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#17@neg", "qid": "3s96kq6i9m4skf0n8y6oo8r6cxldt7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "and even filter out \"noise\",", "paraphrase": "Noise", "answer_start": 2129, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#1@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "and even filter out \"noise\",", "paraphrase": "Noise", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#1@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "nd even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content", "paraphrase": "Similar molecules without biotic content.", "answer_start": 2130, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#2@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "nd even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content", "paraphrase": "Similar molecules without biotic content.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#2@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Fungi communicate", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 987, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#3@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Fungi communicate", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#3@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.", "paraphrase": "The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.", "answer_start": 1359, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#4@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.", "paraphrase": "The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#4@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation", "paraphrase": "Filamentation", "answer_start": 1714, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#5@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation", "paraphrase": "Filamentation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#5@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 101, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#6@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#6@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 101, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#7@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#7@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress", "paraphrase": "Stress", "answer_start": 461, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#8@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress", "paraphrase": "Stress", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#8@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress", "paraphrase": "Rhythm", "answer_start": 510, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#9@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress", "paraphrase": "Rhythm", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#9@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "and a further 38% through paralanguage", "paraphrase": "38%", "answer_start": 715, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#10@pos", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "and a further 38% through paralanguage", "paraphrase": "38%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#10@neg", "qid": "3kopy89hm820ok2l3fm89tiln763j9_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Agnosticism ", "paraphrase": "Agnosticism", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#1@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Agnosticism ", "paraphrase": "Agnosticism", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#1@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" ", "paraphrase": "Thomas Henry Huxley", "answer_start": 390, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#2@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" ", "paraphrase": "Thomas Henry Huxley", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#2@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. ", "paraphrase": "1869.", "answer_start": 407, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#3@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. ", "paraphrase": "1869.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#3@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Being a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 858, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#4@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Being a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#4@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "a form of demarcation", "answer_start": 909, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#5@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "a form of demarcation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#5@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "Huxley", "answer_start": 893, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#6@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation", "paraphrase": "Huxley", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#6@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "paraphrase": "they are unsure", "answer_start": 1367, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#7@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "paraphrase": "they are unsure", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#7@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. ", "paraphrase": "The Nasadiya Sukta", "answer_start": 776, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#8@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. ", "paraphrase": "The Nasadiya Sukta", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#8@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "is agnostic about the origin of the universe. ", "paraphrase": "the origin of the universe.", "answer_start": 810, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#9@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "is agnostic about the origin of the universe. ", "paraphrase": "the origin of the universe.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#9@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher", "paraphrase": "Sanjaya Belatthaputta", "answer_start": 556, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#10@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher", "paraphrase": "Sanjaya Belatthaputta", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#10@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher", "paraphrase": "5th-century", "answer_start": 578, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#11@pos", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher", "paraphrase": "5th-century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#11@neg", "qid": "3snlul3wo4nqi434lkumchld4i7luv_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "John", "paraphrase": "John", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#1@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "John", "paraphrase": "John", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#1@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "John the Baptizer", "paraphrase": "John the Baptizer", "answer_start": 149, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#2@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "John the Baptizer", "paraphrase": "John the Baptizer", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#2@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 278, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#3@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#3@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism", "paraphrase": "4 including Christianity", "answer_start": 278, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#4@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism", "paraphrase": "4 including Christianity", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#4@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " messianic figure", "paraphrase": "messianic figure", "answer_start": 1177, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#5@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " messianic figure", "paraphrase": "messianic figure", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#5@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "greater than himself", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1195, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#6@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "greater than himself", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#6@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "precursor or forerunner of Jesus", "paraphrase": "precursor or forerunner of Jesus", "answer_start": 1258, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#7@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "precursor or forerunner of Jesus", "paraphrase": "precursor or forerunner of Jesus", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#7@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "announces Jesus' coming", "paraphrase": "announced Jesus' coming", "answer_start": 1303, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#8@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "announces Jesus' coming", "paraphrase": "announced Jesus' coming", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#8@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "baptism ", "paraphrase": "baptism", "answer_start": 452, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#9@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "baptism ", "paraphrase": "baptism", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#9@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus", "paraphrase": "Jesus", "answer_start": 561, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#10@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus", "paraphrase": "Jesus", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#10@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Josephus", "paraphrase": "Josephus", "answer_start": 904, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#11@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Josephus", "paraphrase": "Josephus", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#11@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes", "paraphrase": "John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes", "answer_start": 942, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#12@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes", "paraphrase": "John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#12@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " John", "paraphrase": "John", "answer_start": 838, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#13@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " John", "paraphrase": "John", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#13@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish", "paraphrase": "Jewish", "answer_start": 174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#14@pos", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Jewish", "paraphrase": "Jewish", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#14@neg", "qid": "36wlnqg78zaxgzk647qnuw356z7ben_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Antwerp", "paraphrase": "Antwerp", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#1@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Antwerp", "paraphrase": "Antwerp", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#1@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "510,610", "paraphrase": "510,610", "answer_start": 121, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#2@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "510,610", "paraphrase": "510,610", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#2@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "on the River Scheldt", "paraphrase": "on the River Scheldt", "answer_start": 278, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#3@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "on the River Scheldt", "paraphrase": "on the River Scheldt", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#3@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Brussels", "paraphrase": "Brussels", "answer_start": 377, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#4@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Brussels", "paraphrase": "Brussels", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#4@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "within the top 20", "paraphrase": "within the top 20", "answer_start": 505, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#5@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "within the top 20", "paraphrase": "within the top 20", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#5@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "second", "paraphrase": "second", "answer_start": 484, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#6@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "second", "paraphrase": "second", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#6@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Sinjoren", "paraphrase": "Sinjoren", "answer_start": 890, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#7@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Sinjoren", "paraphrase": "Sinjoren", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#7@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paraphrase": "the 1920 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": 1291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#8@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paraphrase": "the 1920 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#8@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the Dutch border", "paraphrase": "the Dutch border", "answer_start": 402, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#9@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "the Dutch border", "paraphrase": "the Dutch border", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#9@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "of the world's oldest stock exchange building", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 560, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#10@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "of the world's oldest stock exchange building", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#10@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "1531", "paraphrase": "1531", "answer_start": 627, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#11@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "1531", "paraphrase": "1531", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#11@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "1872", "paraphrase": "1872", "answer_start": 648, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#12@pos", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "1872", "paraphrase": "1872", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#12@neg", "qid": "3sle99er0ndvrub20u40f64nu6czbf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile", "paraphrase": "Smile", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile", "paraphrase": "Smile", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile.", "paraphrase": "Queen", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile.", "paraphrase": "Queen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury joined the band in 1970", "paraphrase": "1970", "answer_start": 273, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury joined the band in 1970", "paraphrase": "1970", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara", "paraphrase": "Farrokh Bulsara", "answer_start": 92, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara", "paraphrase": "Farrokh Bulsara", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name", "paraphrase": "Mercury", "answer_start": 273, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name", "paraphrase": "Mercury", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name", "paraphrase": "Queen", "answer_start": 306, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name", "paraphrase": "Queen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973", "paraphrase": "John Deacon", "answer_start": 381, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973", "paraphrase": "John Deacon", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II,", "paraphrase": "Queen II", "answer_start": 463, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II,", "paraphrase": "Queen II", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974", "paraphrase": "1974", "answer_start": 463, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974", "paraphrase": "1974", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. ", "paraphrase": "A Night at the Opera", "answer_start": 602, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. ", "paraphrase": "A Night at the Opera", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "A Night at the Opera in 1975", "paraphrase": "1975", "answer_start": 602, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "A Night at the Opera in 1975", "paraphrase": "1975", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\"", "paraphrase": "Bohemian Rhapsody", "answer_start": 673, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\"", "paraphrase": "Bohemian Rhapsody", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine week", "paraphrase": "number one in the UK for nine weeks", "answer_start": 673, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine week", "paraphrase": "number one in the UK for nine weeks", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "popularised the music video.", "paraphrase": "music videos", "answer_start": 770, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "popularised the music video.", "paraphrase": "music videos", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "\"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video", "paraphrase": "Bohemian Rhapsody", "answer_start": 693, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "\"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video", "paraphrase": "Bohemian Rhapsody", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world.", "paraphrase": "one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world.", "answer_start": 939, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#16@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world.", "paraphrase": "one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#16@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history", "paraphrase": "1985's Live Aid", "answer_start": 1022, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#17@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history", "paraphrase": "1985's Live Aid", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#17@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best.", "paraphrase": "a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best.", "answer_start": 1140, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#18@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best.", "paraphrase": "a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#18@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury died of bronchopneumonia", "paraphrase": "died of bronchopneumonia", "answer_start": 1191, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#19@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Mercury died of bronchopneumonia", "paraphrase": "died of bronchopneumonia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#19@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Deacon retired", "paraphrase": "He retired", "answer_start": 1253, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#20@pos", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Deacon retired", "paraphrase": "He retired", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#20@neg", "qid": "3ffj6vril1o8chji2ajpvu5e7gr0it_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline.", "paraphrase": "Supervisors did.", "answer_start": 94, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#1@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline.", "paraphrase": "Supervisors did.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#1@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 264, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#2@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#2@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation ", "paraphrase": "Department of Transportation", "answer_start": 264, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#3@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation ", "paraphrase": "Department of Transportation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#3@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 264, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#4@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#4@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation", "paraphrase": "In a report.", "answer_start": 264, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#5@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation", "paraphrase": "In a report.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#5@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors", "paraphrase": "Bobby Boutris", "answer_start": 9, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#6@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors", "paraphrase": "Bobby Boutris", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#6@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest", "paraphrase": "Southwest.", "answer_start": 9, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#7@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest", "paraphrase": "Southwest.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#7@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters,", "paraphrase": "In 2007", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#8@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters,", "paraphrase": "In 2007", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#8@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 94, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#9@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#9@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections", "paraphrase": "FAA managers allowed flights on 46 planes with overdue safety inspections", "answer_start": 343, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#10@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections", "paraphrase": "FAA managers allowed flights on 46 planes with overdue safety inspections", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#10@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "ignoring concerns raised by inspectors.", "paraphrase": "Inspectors were concerned.", "answer_start": 466, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#11@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "ignoring concerns raised by inspectors.", "paraphrase": "Inspectors were concerned.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#11@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 633, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#12@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#12@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. ", "paraphrase": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee", "answer_start": 633, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#13@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. ", "paraphrase": "House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#13@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008.", "paraphrase": "They held hearings.", "answer_start": 628, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#14@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008.", "paraphrase": "They held hearings.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#14@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008", "paraphrase": "April 2008", "answer_start": 629, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#15@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008", "paraphrase": "April 2008", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#15@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 744, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#16@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#16@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. ", "paraphrase": "117", "answer_start": 855, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#17@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. ", "paraphrase": "117", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#17@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\"", "paraphrase": "A systematic breakdown", "answer_start": 956, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#18@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\"", "paraphrase": "A systematic breakdown", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#18@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\"", "paraphrase": "Oberstar", "answer_start": 956, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#19@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\"", "paraphrase": "Oberstar", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#19@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines ", "paraphrase": "Due to \"a culture of coziness.\"", "answer_start": 956, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#20@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines ", "paraphrase": "Due to \"a culture of coziness.\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#20@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#21@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#21"}
{"answer_text": " in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#21@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#21"}
{"answer_text": "and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty", "paraphrase": "7.5 million.", "answer_start": 1262, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#22@pos", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#22"}
{"answer_text": "and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty", "paraphrase": "7.5 million.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#22@neg", "qid": "39lnwe0k4uwos3vy0hx9k1tln5uuip_q#22"}
{"answer_text": "9 October ", "paraphrase": "9 October", "answer_start": 52, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#1@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "9 October ", "paraphrase": "9 October", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#1@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "1980", "paraphrase": "1980", "answer_start": 77, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#2@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "1980", "paraphrase": "1980", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#2@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " John Winston Lennon", "paraphrase": "John Winston Lennon", "answer_start": 30, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#3@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " John Winston Lennon", "paraphrase": "John Winston Lennon", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#3@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Liverpool", "paraphrase": "Liverpool", "answer_start": 373, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#4@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Liverpool", "paraphrase": "Liverpool", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#4@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Born and raised in Liverpool", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 354, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#5@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Born and raised in Liverpool", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#5@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " skiffle craze ", "paraphrase": "skiffle craze", "answer_start": 413, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#6@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " skiffle craze ", "paraphrase": "skiffle craze", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#6@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " his first band", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 442, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#7@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " his first band", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#7@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Quarrymen", "paraphrase": "Quarrymen", "answer_start": 463, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#8@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Quarrymen", "paraphrase": "Quarrymen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#8@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "was named the Silver Beatles,", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 474, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#9@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "was named the Silver Beatles,", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#9@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Silver Beatles", "paraphrase": "Silver Beatles", "answer_start": 488, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#10@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Silver Beatles", "paraphrase": "Silver Beatles", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#10@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Beatles ", "paraphrase": "Beatles", "answer_start": 533, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#11@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Beatles ", "paraphrase": "Beatles", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#11@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "disbanded in 1970", "paraphrase": "1960 to 1970", "answer_start": 565, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#12@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "disbanded in 1970", "paraphrase": "1960 to 1970", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#12@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "disbanded in 1970", "paraphrase": "10 years", "answer_start": 565, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#13@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "disbanded in 1970", "paraphrase": "10 years", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#13@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Beatles in 1960.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#14@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Beatles in 1960.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#14@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arv2rtb_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "named after Louis IX of France. ", "paraphrase": "Louis IX of France.", "answer_start": 737, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#1@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "named after Louis IX of France. ", "paraphrase": "Louis IX of France.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#1@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de ", "paraphrase": "Pierre Lacl\u00e8de", "answer_start": 632, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#2@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de ", "paraphrase": "Pierre Lacl\u00e8de", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#2@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 676, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#3@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#3@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Auguste Chouteau", "paraphrase": "Auguste Chouteau", "answer_start": 715, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#4@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Auguste Chouteau", "paraphrase": "Auguste Chouteau", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#4@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, an", "paraphrase": "fur traders", "answer_start": 676, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#5@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, an", "paraphrase": "fur traders", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#5@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "French fur traders", "paraphrase": "France", "answer_start": 677, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#6@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "French fur traders", "paraphrase": "France", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#6@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#6"}
{"answer_text": ". The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 ", "paraphrase": "in 1764", "answer_start": 630, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#7@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#7"}
{"answer_text": ". The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 ", "paraphrase": "in 1764", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#7@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 523, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#8@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#8@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Native American Mississippian culture.", "paraphrase": "Native Americans", "answer_start": 592, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#9@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Native American Mississippian culture.", "paraphrase": "Native Americans", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#9@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain ", "paraphrase": "Spain", "answer_start": 768, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#10@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain ", "paraphrase": "Spain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#10@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "France's defeat in the Seven Years' War,", "paraphrase": "yjey lost a war", "answer_start": 788, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#11@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "France's defeat in the Seven Years' War,", "paraphrase": "yjey lost a war", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#11@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, ", "paraphrase": "the Seven Years' War,", "answer_start": 788, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#12@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, ", "paraphrase": "the Seven Years' War,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#12@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "and retroceded back to France in 1800.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 857, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#13@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "and retroceded back to France in 1800.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#13@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "etroceded back to France in 1800.", "paraphrase": "1800.", "answer_start": 862, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#14@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "etroceded back to France in 1800.", "paraphrase": "1800.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#14@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "paraphrase": "part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "answer_start": 895, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#15@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "paraphrase": "part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#15@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "paraphrase": "In 1803", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#16@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "paraphrase": "In 1803", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#16@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " the western bank of the Mississippi River,", "paraphrase": "the Mississippi River,", "answer_start": 93, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#17@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " the western bank of the Mississippi River,", "paraphrase": "the Mississippi River,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#17@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404", "paraphrase": "311,404", "answer_start": 165, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#18@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404", "paraphrase": "311,404", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#18@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. ", "paraphrase": "9 in the city,", "answer_start": 412, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#19@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. ", "paraphrase": "9 in the city,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#19@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. ", "paraphrase": "10", "answer_start": 413, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#20@pos", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. ", "paraphrase": "10", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#20@neg", "qid": "3jw0ylfxrtgjl248kygp3gnqn8gwwy_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet", "paraphrase": "organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet", "answer_start": 41, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#1@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet", "paraphrase": "organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#1@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Internet service provider", "paraphrase": "Internet service provider", "answer_start": 2, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#2@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Internet service provider", "paraphrase": "Internet service provider", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#2@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States.", "paraphrase": "In 1989", "answer_start": 744, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#3@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States.", "paraphrase": "In 1989", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#3@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "In Brookline, Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "In Brookline, Massachusetts", "answer_start": 821, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#4@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "In Brookline, Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "In Brookline, Massachusetts", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#4@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The World became the first commercial ISP in the US", "paraphrase": "The World", "answer_start": 850, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#5@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The World became the first commercial ISP in the US", "paraphrase": "The World", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#5@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " developed as a network between government research laboratories", "paraphrase": "developed as a network between government research laboratories", "answer_start": 433, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#6@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " developed as a network between government research laboratories", "paraphrase": "developed as a network between government research laboratories", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#6@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Its first customer was served in November 1989.", "paraphrase": "November 1989.", "answer_start": 903, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#7@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Its first customer was served in November 1989.", "paraphrase": "November 1989.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#7@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. ", "paraphrase": "Internet access, transit web hosting, etc", "answer_start": 265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#8@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. ", "paraphrase": "Internet access, transit web hosting, etc", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#8@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality", "paraphrase": "compromise net neutrality", "answer_start": 1449, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#9@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality", "paraphrase": "compromise net neutrality", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#9@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School", "paraphrase": "a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School", "answer_start": 1311, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#10@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School", "paraphrase": "a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#10@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband,", "paraphrase": "municipal broadband", "answer_start": 1197, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#11@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband,", "paraphrase": "municipal broadband", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#11@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality.", "paraphrase": "Preserve net neutrality", "answer_start": 1700, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#12@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality.", "paraphrase": "Preserve net neutrality", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#12@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service", "paraphrase": "Reclassify it", "answer_start": 1700, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#13@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service", "paraphrase": "Reclassify it", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#13@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers.", "paraphrase": "Republicans", "answer_start": 1827, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#14@pos", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers.", "paraphrase": "Republicans", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#14@neg", "qid": "3wakvudhuwgr3je2hqtctc3c9pk7u8_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "KEGG ", "paraphrase": "KEGG", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#1@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "KEGG ", "paraphrase": "KEGG", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#1@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "paraphrase": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "answer_start": 6, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#2@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "paraphrase": "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#2@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "is a collection of databases", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 47, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#3@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "is a collection of databases", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#3@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education", "paraphrase": "bioinformatics research", "answer_start": 161, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#4@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education", "paraphrase": "bioinformatics research", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#4@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa", "paraphrase": "Minoru Kanehisa", "answer_start": 404, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#5@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa", "paraphrase": "Minoru Kanehisa", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#5@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for", "paraphrase": "Professor", "answer_start": 455, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#6@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for", "paraphrase": "Professor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#6@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Kyoto University", "paraphrase": "Kyoto University", "answer_start": 522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#7@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Kyoto University", "paraphrase": "Kyoto University", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#7@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the Institute for Chemical Research", "paraphrase": "the Institute for Chemical Research", "answer_start": 485, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#8@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the Institute for Chemical Research", "paraphrase": "the Institute for Chemical Research", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#8@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "initiated in 1995", "paraphrase": "in 1995", "answer_start": 434, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#9@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "initiated in 1995", "paraphrase": "in 1995", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#9@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database", "paraphrase": "the KEGG PATHWAY database", "answer_start": 714, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#10@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database", "paraphrase": "the KEGG PATHWAY database", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#10@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps", "paraphrase": "a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps", "answer_start": 762, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#11@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps", "paraphrase": "a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#11@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "manually drawn KEGG", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 785, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#12@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "manually drawn KEGG", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#12@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism", "paraphrase": "experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism", "answer_start": 830, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#13@pos", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism", "paraphrase": "experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#13@neg", "qid": "3myyfcxhj37bfevovn6omlib9oz4gn_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " University of North Carolina", "paraphrase": "University of North Carolina", "answer_start": 3, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#1@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " University of North Carolina", "paraphrase": "University of North Carolina", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#1@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the university first began enrolling students in 1795", "paraphrase": "1795", "answer_start": 279, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#2@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the university first began enrolling students in 1795", "paraphrase": "1795", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#2@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system.", "paraphrase": "17 total campuses in the University of North Carolina system.", "answer_start": 174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#3@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system.", "paraphrase": "17 total campuses in the University of North Carolina system.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#3@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795", "paraphrase": "February 12, 1795", "answer_start": 535, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#4@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795", "paraphrase": "February 12, 1795", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#4@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1170, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#5@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#5@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " in over 70 courses of study", "paraphrase": "over 70", "answer_start": 616, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#6@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " in over 70 courses of study", "paraphrase": "over 70", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#6@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina", "paraphrase": "It was the first institution of higher education in North Carolina.", "answer_start": 457, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#7@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina", "paraphrase": "It was the first institution of higher education in North Carolina.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#7@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "paraphrase": "\"Tar Heels\"", "answer_start": 1342, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#8@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "paraphrase": "\"Tar Heels\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#8@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " began the process of desegregation in 1951", "paraphrase": "1951", "answer_start": 1035, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#9@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " began the process of desegregation in 1951", "paraphrase": "1951", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#9@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#10@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#10@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care.", "paraphrase": "cancer care", "answer_start": 1219, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#11@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care.", "paraphrase": "cancer care", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#11@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital", "paraphrase": "1952", "answer_start": 1170, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#12@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital", "paraphrase": "1952", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#12@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 340, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#13@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#13@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xetcdjg_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states", "paraphrase": "A book", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#1@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states", "paraphrase": "A book", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#1@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "Domesday Book", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#2@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "Domesday Book", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#2@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "Liber de Wintonia", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#3@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "Liber de Wintonia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#3@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "the Great Survey", "answer_start": 70, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#4@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "the Great Survey", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#4@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "f much of England and parts of Wales completed ", "paraphrase": "Mostly England", "answer_start": 116, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#5@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "f much of England and parts of Wales completed ", "paraphrase": "Mostly England", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#5@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "ch of England and parts of Wales completed", "paraphrase": "Also some parts of Wales", "answer_start": 120, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#6@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "ch of England and parts of Wales completed", "paraphrase": "Also some parts of Wales", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#6@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "completed in 1086 b", "paraphrase": "1086", "answer_start": 153, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#7@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "completed in 1086 b", "paraphrase": "1086", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#7@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "King William", "answer_start": 183, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#8@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: ", "paraphrase": "King William", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#8@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "It was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, ", "paraphrase": "Medieval Latin", "answer_start": 735, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#9@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "It was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, ", "paraphrase": "Medieval Latin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#9@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "was highly abbreviated", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 769, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#10@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "was highly abbreviated", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#10@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor", "paraphrase": "taxes!", "answer_start": 862, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#11@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor", "paraphrase": "taxes!", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#11@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": ". The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, ", "paraphrase": "the reign of King Edward", "answer_start": 860, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#12@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": ". The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, ", "paraphrase": "the reign of King Edward", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#12@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. ", "paraphrase": "reassert the rights of the Crown", "answer_start": 977, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#13@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. ", "paraphrase": "reassert the rights of the Crown", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#13@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " assess where power lay a", "paraphrase": "assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land", "answer_start": 1038, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#14@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " assess where power lay a", "paraphrase": "assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#14@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "g the Norman conquest. ", "paraphrase": "the Norman conquest", "answer_start": 1111, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#15@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "g the Norman conquest. ", "paraphrase": "the Norman conquest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#15@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1136, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#16@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#16@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. ", "paraphrase": "the 12th Century", "answer_start": 1265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#17@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. ", "paraphrase": "the 12th Century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#17@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": ". As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "Richard FitzNeal", "answer_start": 1360, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#18@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#18"}
{"answer_text": ". As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "Richard FitzNeal", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#18@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "Dialogus de Scaccario", "answer_start": 1362, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#19@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "paraphrase": "Dialogus de Scaccario", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#19@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Then, at the midwinter [1085]", "paraphrase": "midwinter", "answer_start": 249, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#20@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Then, at the midwinter [1085]", "paraphrase": "midwinter", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#20@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5ao7es7_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "rorquals and other large whales", "paraphrase": "large whales", "answer_start": 55, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#1@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "rorquals and other large whales", "paraphrase": "large whales", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#1@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet,", "paraphrase": "Mammals", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#2@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet,", "paraphrase": "Mammals", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#2@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#3@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#3@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs.", "paraphrase": "in the air, in trees, or on two legs.", "answer_start": 251, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#4@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs.", "paraphrase": "in the air, in trees, or on two legs.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#4@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal", "paraphrase": "four-legged land-borne animal", "answer_start": 191, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#5@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal", "paraphrase": "four-legged land-borne animal", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#5@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia", "paraphrase": "from the scientific name Mammalia", "answer_start": 550, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#6@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia", "paraphrase": "from the scientific name Mammalia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#6@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Latin mamma", "paraphrase": "mamma", "answer_start": 663, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#7@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Latin mamma", "paraphrase": "mamma", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#7@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"", "paraphrase": "teat, pap", "answer_start": 663, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#8@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"", "paraphrase": "teat, pap", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#8@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "All female mammals nurse their young with milk", "paraphrase": "All female mammals", "answer_start": 690, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#9@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "All female mammals nurse their young with milk", "paraphrase": "All female mammals", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#9@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands.", "paraphrase": "the mammary glands.", "answer_start": 732, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#10@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands.", "paraphrase": "the mammary glands.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#10@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006", "paraphrase": "5,416", "answer_start": 797, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#11@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006", "paraphrase": "5,416", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#11@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006.", "paraphrase": "Mammal Species of the World", "answer_start": 797, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#12@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006.", "paraphrase": "Mammal Species of the World", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#12@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders.", "paraphrase": "1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders.", "answer_start": 873, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#13@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders.", "paraphrase": "1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#13@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List,", "paraphrase": "The IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List,", "answer_start": 936, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#14@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List,", "paraphrase": "The IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#14@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "paraphrase": "5,488 species.", "answer_start": 1041, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#15@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "paraphrase": "5,488 species.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#15@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "5,488 accepted species.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1055, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#16@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "5,488 accepted species.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#16@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The largest group of mammals, the placentals", "paraphrase": "placentals", "answer_start": 331, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#17@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The largest group of mammals, the placentals", "paraphrase": "placentals", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#17@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta", "paraphrase": "They have a placenta", "answer_start": 331, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#18@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta", "paraphrase": "They have a placenta", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#18@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation", "paraphrase": "enables feeding the fetus during gestation", "answer_start": 382, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#19@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation", "paraphrase": "enables feeding the fetus during gestation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#19@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat", "paraphrase": "bumblebee bat", "answer_start": 444, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#20@pos", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat", "paraphrase": "bumblebee bat", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#20@neg", "qid": "3l2is5hsfaig646pxxa1p9p295nun6_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\"", "paraphrase": "Just one", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#1@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\"", "paraphrase": "Just one", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#1@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white ", "paraphrase": "Also only one classification", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#2@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white ", "paraphrase": "Also only one classification", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#2@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.", "paraphrase": "Heads of households", "answer_start": 152, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#3@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.", "paraphrase": "Heads of households", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#3@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "n in the United States. Enumerators w", "paraphrase": "Enumerators", "answer_start": 53, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#4@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "n in the United States. Enumerators w", "paraphrase": "Enumerators", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#4@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States.", "paraphrase": "In 1790", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#5@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States.", "paraphrase": "In 1790", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#5@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" ", "paraphrase": "\"Other\"", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#6@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" ", "paraphrase": "\"Other\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#6@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\"", "paraphrase": "as \"Free people of color\"", "answer_start": 240, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#7@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\"", "paraphrase": "as \"Free people of color\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#7@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "By appearance", "answer_start": 506, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#8@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "By appearance", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#8@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "y. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": 504, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#9@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "y. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#9@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "Mulatto or black", "answer_start": 536, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#10@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. ", "paraphrase": "Mulatto or black", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#10@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "paraphrase": "75%", "answer_start": 1357, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#11@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "paraphrase": "75%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#11@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#11"}
{"answer_text": ", as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. A", "paraphrase": "On Census data", "answer_start": 1270, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#12@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#12"}
{"answer_text": ", as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. A", "paraphrase": "On Census data", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#12@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "ome ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1188, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#13@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "ome ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#13@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#13"}
{"answer_text": ", as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. ", "paraphrase": "Historically underserved ones", "answer_start": 1270, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#14@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#14"}
{"answer_text": ", as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. ", "paraphrase": "Historically underserved ones", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#14@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census,", "paraphrase": "By 1990", "answer_start": 673, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#15@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census,", "paraphrase": "By 1990", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#15@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. T", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 978, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#16@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. T", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#16@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "eflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, ", "paraphrase": "ethnicity", "answer_start": 768, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#17@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "eflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, ", "paraphrase": "ethnicity", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#17@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "eside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s", "paraphrase": "immigration", "answer_start": 878, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#18@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "eside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s", "paraphrase": "immigration", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#18@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "d new immigration laws in the 1960s", "paraphrase": "the 1960s", "answer_start": 941, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#19@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "d new immigration laws in the 1960s", "paraphrase": "the 1960s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#19@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States.", "paraphrase": "The United States", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#20@pos", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States.", "paraphrase": "The United States", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#20@neg", "qid": "3lrliptpeq9vjp7ouf1uxgw486zakc_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Bihar is an Indian state ", "paraphrase": "an Indian state", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#1@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Bihar is an Indian state ", "paraphrase": "an Indian state", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#1@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "t is the 13th-largest state of India,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 88, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#2@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "t is the 13th-largest state of India,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#2@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges", "paraphrase": "the Ganges", "answer_start": 336, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#3@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges", "paraphrase": "the Ganges", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#3@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded", "paraphrase": "southern Bihar was ceded", "answer_start": 513, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#4@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded", "paraphrase": "southern Bihar was ceded", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#4@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "he official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu", "paraphrase": "Hindi and Urdu", "answer_start": 841, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#5@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "he official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu", "paraphrase": "Hindi and Urdu", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#5@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#6@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#6@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika ", "paraphrase": "Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#7@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika ", "paraphrase": "Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#7@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "In ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power", "paraphrase": "a centre of power", "answer_start": 1082, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#8@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "In ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power", "paraphrase": "a centre of power", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#8@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire", "paraphrase": "the Maurya empire", "answer_start": 1198, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#10@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire", "paraphrase": "the Maurya empire", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#10@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand", "paraphrase": "southern Bihar", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#11@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand", "paraphrase": "southern Bihar", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#11@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "paraphrase": "Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "answer_start": 1684, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#12@pos", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "paraphrase": "Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#12@neg", "qid": "3b4yi393v9wx746qgown92hkbf8sse_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan", "paraphrase": "Detroit", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan", "paraphrase": "Detroit", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " It is the seat of Wayne County,", "paraphrase": "Wayne County", "answer_start": 173, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " It is the seat of Wayne County,", "paraphrase": "Wayne County", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border.", "paraphrase": "United States-Canada", "answer_start": 78, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border.", "paraphrase": "United States-Canada", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit,", "paraphrase": "Metro Detroit,", "answer_start": 245, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit,", "paraphrase": "Metro Detroit,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago)", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 329, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago)", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 329, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250,", "paraphrase": "4,296,250,", "answer_start": 885, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250,", "paraphrase": "4,296,250,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "It is a major port on the Detroit River, ", "paraphrase": "the Detroit River", "answer_start": 480, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "It is a major port on the Detroit River, ", "paraphrase": "the Detroit River", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 597, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area ", "paraphrase": "three", "answer_start": 743, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area ", "paraphrase": "three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census)", "paraphrase": "the 2010 United States census", "answer_start": 743, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census)", "paraphrase": "the 2010 United States census", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2])", "paraphrase": "3,913", "answer_start": 886, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2])", "paraphrase": "3,913", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]", "paraphrase": "10,130 km2", "answer_start": 933, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]", "paraphrase": "10,130 km2", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1131, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000", "paraphrase": "5,700,000", "answer_start": 1131, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000", "paraphrase": "5,700,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "paraphrase": "roughly one-half", "answer_start": 1253, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#16@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "paraphrase": "roughly one-half", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#16@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "It is the seat of Wayne County, t", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#17@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "It is the seat of Wayne County, t", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#17@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "t is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#18@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "t is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#18@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "paraphrase": "the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "answer_start": 480, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#19@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "paraphrase": "the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#19@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan,", "paraphrase": "the U.S.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#20@pos", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan,", "paraphrase": "the U.S.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#20@neg", "qid": "3ps7w85z8z2ghpn6wi1m2c8gl2xt9d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#1@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#1@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "n 1980, Michaels left the series", "paraphrase": "in 1980", "answer_start": 779, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#2@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "n 1980, Michaels left the series", "paraphrase": "in 1980", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#2@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "He was replaced by Jean Doumanian", "paraphrase": "Jean Doumanian", "answer_start": 844, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#3@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "He was replaced by Jean Doumanian", "paraphrase": "Jean Doumanian", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#3@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975", "paraphrase": "October 11, 1975", "answer_start": 171, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#4@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975", "paraphrase": "October 11, 1975", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#4@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Live from New York, it's Saturday Nigh", "paraphrase": "New York", "answer_start": 704, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#5@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Live from New York, it's Saturday Nigh", "paraphrase": "New York", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#5@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#6@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#6@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL", "paraphrase": "SNL", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#7@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL", "paraphrase": "SNL", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#7@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL", "paraphrase": "Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#8@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL", "paraphrase": "Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#8@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews", "paraphrase": "Jean Doumanian,", "answer_start": 863, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#9@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews", "paraphrase": "Jean Doumanian,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#9@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest ", "paraphrase": "a celebrity guest", "answer_start": 420, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#11@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest ", "paraphrase": "a celebrity guest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#11@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season", "paraphrase": "One", "answer_start": 863, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#12@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season", "paraphrase": "One", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#12@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "1985, when Michaels returned", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 965, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#13@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "1985, when Michaels returned", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#13@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "1985, when Michaels returned; ", "paraphrase": "1985", "answer_start": 965, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#14@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "1985, when Michaels returned; ", "paraphrase": "1985", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#14@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "original title NBC's Saturday Night", "paraphrase": "NBC's Saturday Night", "answer_start": 228, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#15@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "original title NBC's Saturday Night", "paraphrase": "NBC's Saturday Night", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#15@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels", "paraphrase": "Lorne Michaels", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#16@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels", "paraphrase": "Lorne Michaels", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#16@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "In 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities", "paraphrase": "to explore other opportunities", "answer_start": 778, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#17@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "In 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities", "paraphrase": "to explore other opportunities", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#17@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol", "paraphrase": "Dick Ebersol", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#18@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol", "paraphrase": "Dick Ebersol", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#18@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#19@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#19@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television", "paraphrase": "a late-night television show", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#20@pos", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television", "paraphrase": "a late-night television show", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#20@neg", "qid": "3y54sxro1lle1hb9utwdy8vuyu3utf_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Concord is the state capital", "paraphrase": "Concord", "answer_start": 774, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#1@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Concord is the state capital", "paraphrase": "Concord", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#1@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Manchester is the largest city in the state", "paraphrase": "False", "answer_start": 810, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#2@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Manchester is the largest city in the state", "paraphrase": "False", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#2@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Manchester is the largest city in the state", "paraphrase": "Manchester", "answer_start": 810, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#3@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Manchester is the largest city in the state", "paraphrase": "Manchester", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#3@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Its license plates carry the state motto", "paraphrase": "the state motto", "answer_start": 1129, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#4@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " Its license plates carry the state motto", "paraphrase": "the state motto", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#4@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\"", "paraphrase": "\"Live Free or Die\"", "answer_start": 1155, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#5@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\"", "paraphrase": "\"Live Free or Die\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#5@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The state's nickname, \"The Granite State", "paraphrase": "The Granite State", "answer_start": 1192, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#6@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The state's nickname, \"The Granite State", "paraphrase": "The Granite State", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#6@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries", "paraphrase": "For its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "answer_start": 1235, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#7@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries", "paraphrase": "For its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#7@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "It is bordered by Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "Massachusetts", "answer_start": 86, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#8@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "It is bordered by Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "Massachusetts", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#8@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Vermont to the west", "paraphrase": "Vermont", "answer_start": 131, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#9@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Vermont to the west", "paraphrase": "Vermont", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#9@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "Maine", "answer_start": 153, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#10@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "Maine", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#10@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 163, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#11@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#11@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 167, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#12@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#12@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "to the east", "answer_start": 167, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#13@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Atlantic Ocean to the east", "paraphrase": "to the east", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#13@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec to the north", "paraphrase": "False.", "answer_start": 199, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#14@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec to the north", "paraphrase": "False.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#14@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec", "paraphrase": "Canada's", "answer_start": 199, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#15@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec", "paraphrase": "Canada's", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#15@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec", "paraphrase": "the province of Quebec", "answer_start": 199, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#16@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the Canadian province of Quebec", "paraphrase": "the province of Quebec", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#16@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the original 13 states", "paraphrase": "13", "answer_start": 602, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#17@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "the original 13 states", "paraphrase": "13", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#17@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " it became one of the original 13 states", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 584, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#18@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " it became one of the original 13 states", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#18@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution", "paraphrase": "ratify the Constitution", "answer_start": 671, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#19@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution", "paraphrase": "ratify the Constitution", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#19@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 688, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#20@pos", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#20@neg", "qid": "3z7ishfuh0vcpwdvxikqo4emm2ez87_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " in the African Great Lakes region ", "paraphrase": "in the African Great Lakes region", "answer_start": 87, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#1@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " in the African Great Lakes region ", "paraphrase": "in the African Great Lakes region", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#1@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Rwanda to the north", "paraphrase": "Rwanda", "answer_start": 150, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#2@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Rwanda to the north", "paraphrase": "Rwanda", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#2@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "paraphrase": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 211, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#3@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "paraphrase": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#3@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Tanzania to the east", "paraphrase": "Tanzania", "answer_start": 170, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#4@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " Tanzania to the east", "paraphrase": "Tanzania", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#4@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi's capital is Bujumbura.", "paraphrase": "Bujumbura.", "answer_start": 303, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#5@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi's capital is Bujumbura.", "paraphrase": "Bujumbura.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#5@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "It is also considered part of Central Africa.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 257, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#6@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "It is also considered part of Central Africa.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#6@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n", "paraphrase": "Lake Tanganyika.", "answer_start": 334, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#7@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n", "paraphrase": "Lake Tanganyika.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#7@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years.", "paraphrase": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi", "answer_start": 393, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#8@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years.", "paraphrase": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#8@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years.", "paraphrase": "at least 500 years.", "answer_start": 393, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#9@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years.", "paraphrase": "at least 500 years.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#9@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 470, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#10@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#10@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region.", "paraphrase": "the beginning of the 20th century", "answer_start": 540, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#11@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region.", "paraphrase": "the beginning of the 20th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#11@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi.", "paraphrase": "Ruanda-Urundi.", "answer_start": 726, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#12@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi.", "paraphrase": "Ruanda-Urundi.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#12@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "fter the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium", "paraphrase": "to Belgium", "answer_start": 618, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#13@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "fter the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium", "paraphrase": "to Belgium", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#13@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi gained independence in 1962 ", "paraphrase": "Burundi gained independence in 1962", "answer_start": 922, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#14@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi gained independence in 1962 ", "paraphrase": "Burundi gained independence in 1962", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#14@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, ", "paraphrase": "initially, yes", "answer_start": 922, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#15@pos", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, ", "paraphrase": "initially, yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#15@neg", "qid": "37uqdcyh6xvrgy32mg3hpy5vn737vt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Roman Catholic", "paraphrase": "Roman Catholic", "answer_start": 250, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#1@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Roman Catholic", "paraphrase": "Roman Catholic", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#1@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "regards original sin", "paraphrase": "original sin", "answer_start": 47, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#2@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "regards original sin", "paraphrase": "original sin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#2@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "in Latin, macula or labes", "paraphrase": "Latin", "answer_start": 121, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#3@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "in Latin, macula or labes", "paraphrase": "Latin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#3@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God,", "paraphrase": "God,", "answer_start": 355, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#4@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God,", "paraphrase": "God,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#4@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " preserved free from all stain of original sin", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 487, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#5@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " preserved free from all stain of original sin", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#5@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "he sense of freedom from actual or personal sin", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 821, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#6@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "he sense of freedom from actual or personal sin", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#6@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "he Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 880, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#7@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "he Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#7@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "paraphrase": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "answer_start": 293, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#8@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "paraphrase": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#8@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race", "paraphrase": "Jesus Christ", "answer_start": 439, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#9@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race", "paraphrase": "Jesus Christ", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#9@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The Council of Trent decreed", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 978, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#10@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Council of Trent decreed", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#10@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Council of Trent decreed: ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 978, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#11@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Council of Trent decreed: ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#11@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92aggx8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n", "paraphrase": "ancient ball games", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#1@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n", "paraphrase": "ancient ball games", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#1@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#2@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#2@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games.", "paraphrase": "Phaininda", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#3@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games.", "paraphrase": "Phaininda", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#3@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "ball game harpastum", "paraphrase": "harpastum", "answer_start": 258, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#4@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "ball game harpastum", "paraphrase": "harpastum", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#4@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#5@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#5@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Roman ball game harpastum.", "paraphrase": "Rome", "answer_start": 252, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#6@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Roman ball game harpastum.", "paraphrase": "Rome", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#6@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 356, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#7@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#7@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football.", "paraphrase": "rugby football, wrestling and volleyball", "answer_start": 356, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#8@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football.", "paraphrase": "rugby football, wrestling and volleyball", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#8@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 726, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#9@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#9@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball,", "paraphrase": "Outfield players", "answer_start": 866, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#10@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball,", "paraphrase": "Outfield players", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#10@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms", "paraphrase": "allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms", "answer_start": 726, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#11@pos", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms", "paraphrase": "allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#11@neg", "qid": "3lj7ur74rhdhp6cairjjc5r8asy4ns_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871", "paraphrase": "1871", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#1@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871", "paraphrase": "1871", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#1@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territorie", "paraphrase": "26", "answer_start": 803, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#2@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territorie", "paraphrase": "26", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#2@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "\nIt was founded in 1871", "paraphrase": "1871", "answer_start": 168, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#3@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "\nIt was founded in 1871", "paraphrase": "1871", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#3@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "It was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I", "paraphrase": "Wilhelm I", "answer_start": 169, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#4@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "It was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I", "paraphrase": "Wilhelm I", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#4@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " This included four kingdoms", "paraphrase": "four kingdoms", "answer_start": 903, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#5@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " This included four kingdoms", "paraphrase": "four kingdoms", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#5@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " with most being ruled by royal families", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 862, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#6@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " with most being ruled by royal families", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#6@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "with most being ruled by royal families", "paraphrase": "the royal families", "answer_start": 863, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#7@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "with most being ruled by royal families", "paraphrase": "the royal families", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#7@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " one imperial territory", "paraphrase": "One", "answer_start": 1038, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#8@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " one imperial territory", "paraphrase": "One", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#8@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Berlin became its capital ", "paraphrase": "Berlin", "answer_start": 339, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#9@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Berlin became its capital ", "paraphrase": "Berlin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#9@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. ", "paraphrase": "1871-1918", "answer_start": 43, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#10@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. ", "paraphrase": "1871-1918", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#10@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. ", "paraphrase": "Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated", "answer_start": 116, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#11@pos", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. ", "paraphrase": "Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#11@neg", "qid": "30og32w0subzh8937xvwlr3znpdnei_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24", "paraphrase": "March 24", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#1@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24", "paraphrase": "March 24", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#1@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece ", "paraphrase": "Olympia, Greece", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#2@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece ", "paraphrase": "Olympia, Greece", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#2@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece ", "paraphrase": "It is the birthplace of the olympic games", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#3@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece ", "paraphrase": "It is the birthplace of the olympic games", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#3@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, ", "paraphrase": "2008", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#4@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, ", "paraphrase": "2008", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#4@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "with the theme of \"one world, one dream\".", "paraphrase": "\"one world, one dream\".", "answer_start": 116, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#5@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "with the theme of \"one world, one dream\".", "paraphrase": "\"one world, one dream\".", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#5@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007,", "paraphrase": "April 26, 2007,", "answer_start": 158, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#6@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007,", "paraphrase": "April 26, 2007,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#6@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China.", "paraphrase": "Beijing", "answer_start": 158, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#7@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China.", "paraphrase": "Beijing", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#7@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km", "paraphrase": "129 days", "answer_start": 231, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#8@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km", "paraphrase": "129 days", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#8@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km", "paraphrase": "137,000 km", "answer_start": 231, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#9@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km", "paraphrase": "137,000 km", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#9@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents.", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": 668, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#10@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents.", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#10@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens,", "paraphrase": "Panathinaiko Stadium", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#11@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens,", "paraphrase": "Panathinaiko Stadium", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#11@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens,", "paraphrase": "Athens", "answer_start": 481, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#12@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens,", "paraphrase": "Athens", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#12@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world.", "paraphrase": "the silk road", "answer_start": 747, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#13@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world.", "paraphrase": "the silk road", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#13@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest", "paraphrase": "Mount Everest", "answer_start": 864, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#14@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest", "paraphrase": "Mount Everest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#14@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side", "paraphrase": "the border of Nepal and Tibet", "answer_start": 864, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#15@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side", "paraphrase": "the border of Nepal and Tibet", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#15@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. ", "paraphrase": "1936", "answer_start": 364, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#16@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. ", "paraphrase": "1936", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#16@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 363, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#17@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#17@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 363, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#18@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#18@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31", "paraphrase": "March 31st", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#19@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31", "paraphrase": "March 31st", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#19@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31.", "paraphrase": "Beijing", "answer_start": 567, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#20@pos", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31.", "paraphrase": "Beijing", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#20@neg", "qid": "3dpnqgw4llf9il6ijax2au5mf2d46m_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "a reform of the Julian calenda", "paraphrase": "a reform of the Julian calenda", "answer_start": 595, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#1@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "a reform of the Julian calenda", "paraphrase": "a reform of the Julian calenda", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#1@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Gregory XII", "paraphrase": "the pope", "answer_start": 649, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#2@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Gregory XII", "paraphrase": "the pope", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#2@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Gregory XIII,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 649, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#3@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Gregory XIII,", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#3@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "ope Gregory XIII", "paraphrase": "ope Gregory XIII", "answer_start": 650, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#4@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "ope Gregory XIII", "paraphrase": "ope Gregory XIII", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#4@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#6@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#6@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "24 February 1582", "paraphrase": "24 February 1582", "answer_start": 741, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#7@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "24 February 1582", "paraphrase": "24 February 1582", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#7@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 759, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#8@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#8@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " bring the date for the celebration of Easter t", "paraphrase": "bring the date for the celebration of Easter t", "answer_start": 799, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#9@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " bring the date for the celebration of Easter t", "paraphrase": "bring the date for the celebration of Easter t", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#9@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day,", "paraphrase": "all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day,", "answer_start": 1015, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#10@pos", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day,", "paraphrase": "all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#10@neg", "qid": "3tdxmtx3cbu3qs5x4zz64vf5kke6i3_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico", "paraphrase": "Mexico City", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#1@pos", "qid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico", "paraphrase": "Mexico City", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#1@neg", "qid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas", "paraphrase": "the Americas", "answer_start": 199, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#2@pos", "qid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas", "paraphrase": "the Americas", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#2@neg", "qid": "39k0fnd3ahfq9d7rfreacto8xbyaml_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. ", "paraphrase": "Harper Lee", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#1@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. ", "paraphrase": "Harper Lee", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#1@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. I", "paraphrase": "1960", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#2@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. I", "paraphrase": "1960", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#2@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "It was immediately successful", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 66, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#3@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "It was immediately successful", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#3@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, an", "paraphrase": "Pulitzer Prize", "answer_start": 65, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#4@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, an", "paraphrase": "Pulitzer Prize", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#4@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "has become a classic of modern American literature. T", "paraphrase": "American", "answer_start": 129, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#5@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "has become a classic of modern American literature. T", "paraphrase": "American", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#5@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, a", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 181, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#6@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, a", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#6@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, yes", "answer_start": 281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#7@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#7@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "near her hometown", "answer_start": 281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#8@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "near her hometown", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#8@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.", "paraphrase": "1936", "answer_start": 280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#9@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.", "paraphrase": "1936", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#9@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "10", "answer_start": 281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#10@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. ", "paraphrase": "10", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#10@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, ", "paraphrase": "Southern Gothic novel", "answer_start": 374, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#11@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, ", "paraphrase": "Southern Gothic novel", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#11@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. ", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": 374, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#12@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. ", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#12@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. ", "paraphrase": "racial injustice", "answer_start": 422, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#13@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. ", "paraphrase": "racial injustice", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#13@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence.", "paraphrase": "the destruction of innocence", "answer_start": 422, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#14@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence.", "paraphrase": "the destruction of innocence", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#14@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 550, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#15@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#15@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " The book is widely taught in schools in the United States", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 651, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#16@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " The book is widely taught in schools in the United States", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#16@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 877, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#17@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#17@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion", "paraphrase": "class, courage, and compassion", "answer_start": 525, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#18@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion", "paraphrase": "class, courage, and compassion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#18@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South.", "paraphrase": "Deep South", "answer_start": 550, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#19@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South.", "paraphrase": "Deep South", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#19@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbv6zmgx_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers", "paraphrase": "World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers", "answer_start": 1151, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers", "paraphrase": "World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "publishes a list of newspapers ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 1214, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "publishes a list of newspapers ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "a list of newspapers", "paraphrase": "a list of newspapers", "answer_start": 1224, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "a list of newspapers", "paraphrase": "a list of newspapers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "China", "paraphrase": "China", "answer_start": 1400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "China", "paraphrase": "China", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "2011", "paraphrase": "2011", "answer_start": 1278, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "2011", "paraphrase": "2011", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "330 million", "paraphrase": "Less.", "answer_start": 1350, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "330 million", "paraphrase": "Less.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Asia", "paraphrase": "Asia", "answer_start": 1683, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Asia", "paraphrase": "Asia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "circulations are audited ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 487, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "circulations are audited ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "independent bodies", "paraphrase": "independent bodies", "answer_start": 515, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "independent bodies", "paraphrase": "independent bodies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Audit Bureau of Circulations", "paraphrase": "Audit Bureau of Circulations", "answer_start": 546, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Audit Bureau of Circulations", "paraphrase": "Audit Bureau of Circulations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Circulation is not always the same as copies sold,", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 159, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Circulation is not always the same as copies sold,", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "number of copies it distributes on an average day", "paraphrase": "number of copies distributed on an average day", "answer_start": 33, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "number of copies it distributes on an average day", "paraphrase": "number of copies distributed on an average day", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 84, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 307, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "In many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 829, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "In many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet.", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "many developed countries", "paraphrase": "many developed countries", "answer_start": 832, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#16@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "many developed countries", "paraphrase": "many developed countries", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#16@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 1000, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#17@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#17@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "developing countries", "paraphrase": "developing countries", "answer_start": 1008, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#18@pos", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "developing countries", "paraphrase": "developing countries", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#18@neg", "qid": "3ekvh9qmey4y0g6apjmsnligck52d1_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "paraphrase": "A railway electrification system", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#1@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "paraphrase": "A railway electrification system", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#1@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "paraphrase": "An on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#2@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "paraphrase": "An on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#2@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units", "paraphrase": "Electric locomotives", "answer_start": 559, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#3@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units", "paraphrase": "Electric locomotives", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#3@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " passenger cars with their own motors.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 676, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#4@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " passenger cars with their own motors.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#4@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations", "paraphrase": "Generating stations", "answer_start": 715, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#5@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations", "paraphrase": "Generating stations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#5@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 870, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#6@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#6@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "me electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility.", "paraphrase": "Purchase power from an electric utility.", "answer_start": 873, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#7@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "me electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility.", "paraphrase": "Purchase power from an electric utility.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#7@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic", "paraphrase": "The revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic", "answer_start": 330, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#8@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic", "paraphrase": "The revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#8@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Different systems are used for urban and intercity", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 398, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#9@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Different systems are used for urban and intercity", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#9@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation", "paraphrase": "The ability to switch to different supply voltage", "answer_start": 456, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#10@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation", "paraphrase": "The ability to switch to different supply voltage", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#10@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams", "paraphrase": "Electric power to railway trains and trams", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#11@pos", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams", "paraphrase": "Electric power to railway trains and trams", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#11@neg", "qid": "3tmfv4nep8e8v18qmv0jp0k45pq8wk_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "2.2 billion", "paraphrase": "2.2 billion", "answer_start": 889, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#1@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "2.2 billion", "paraphrase": "2.2 billion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#1@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "sometimes conflict.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 343, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#2@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "sometimes conflict.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#2@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "600 million", "paraphrase": "600 million", "answer_start": 952, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#3@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "600 million", "paraphrase": "600 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#3@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "largest religion in 2050", "paraphrase": "largest religion in 2050", "answer_start": 1124, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#4@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "largest religion in 2050", "paraphrase": "largest religion in 2050", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#4@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus Christ", "paraphrase": "Jesus Christ", "answer_start": 153, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#5@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus Christ", "paraphrase": "Jesus Christ", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#5@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Christ\u00f3s", "paraphrase": "Christ\u00f3s", "answer_start": 213, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#6@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Christ\u00f3s", "paraphrase": "Christ\u00f3s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#6@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "exceed 3 billion", "paraphrase": "exceed 3 billion", "answer_start": 1022, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#7@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "exceed 3 billion", "paraphrase": "exceed 3 billion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#7@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Pew Research Center", "paraphrase": "Pew Research Center", "answer_start": 1060, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#8@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Pew Research Center", "paraphrase": "Pew Research Center", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#8@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Koine Greek", "paraphrase": "Koine Greek", "answer_start": 196, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#9@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Koine Greek", "paraphrase": "Koine Greek", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#9@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "monotheistic", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 96, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#10@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "monotheistic", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#10@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "adjectivally", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 531, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#11@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "adjectivally", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#11@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus has a unique significance", "paraphrase": "Jesus is unique", "answer_start": 463, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#12@pos", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Jesus has a unique significance", "paraphrase": "Jesus is unique", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#12@neg", "qid": "3kakfy4pgu24t9iflx18xs3las73in_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Greenland ", "paraphrase": "Greenland", "answer_start": 579, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#1@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Greenland ", "paraphrase": "Greenland", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#1@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Denmark ", "paraphrase": "Denmark", "answer_start": 69, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#2@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Denmark ", "paraphrase": "Denmark", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#2@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans", "paraphrase": "the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans", "answer_start": 85, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#3@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans", "paraphrase": "the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#3@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "North America", "paraphrase": "North America", "answer_start": 210, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#4@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "North America", "paraphrase": "North America", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#4@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "ice ", "paraphrase": "ice", "answer_start": 786, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#5@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "ice ", "paraphrase": "ice", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#5@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "ice ", "paraphrase": "also ice", "answer_start": 786, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#6@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "ice ", "paraphrase": "also ice", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#6@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "about 56,480", "paraphrase": "about 56,480", "answer_start": 837, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#7@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "about 56,480", "paraphrase": "about 56,480", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#7@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " it is the least densely populated", "paraphrase": "it is the least densely populated", "answer_start": 857, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#8@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " it is the least densely populated", "paraphrase": "it is the least densely populated", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#8@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "4,500 years", "paraphrase": "4,500 years", "answer_start": 1095, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#9@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "4,500 years", "paraphrase": "4,500 years", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#9@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "what is now Canada", "paraphrase": "what is now Canada", "answer_start": 1161, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#10@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "what is now Canada", "paraphrase": "what is now Canada", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#10@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Norsemen ", "paraphrase": "Norsemen", "answer_start": 1181, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#11@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Norsemen ", "paraphrase": "Norsemen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#11@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the 10th century", "paraphrase": "the 10th century", "answer_start": 1254, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#12@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the 10th century", "paraphrase": "the 10th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#12@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Inuit peoples ", "paraphrase": "Inuit peoples", "answer_start": 1275, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#13@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Inuit peoples ", "paraphrase": "Inuit peoples", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#13@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "disappeared", "paraphrase": "they disappeared", "answer_start": 1338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#14@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "disappeared", "paraphrase": "they disappeared", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#14@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "in the late 15th\u00a0century", "paraphrase": "in the late 15th\u00a0century", "answer_start": 1350, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#15@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "in the late 15th\u00a0century", "paraphrase": "in the late 15th\u00a0century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#15@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "the Portuguese", "paraphrase": "the Portuguese", "answer_start": 1420, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#16@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the Portuguese", "paraphrase": "the Portuguese", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#16@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Terra do Lavrador", "paraphrase": "Terra do Lavrador", "answer_start": 1487, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#17@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Terra do Lavrador", "paraphrase": "Terra do Lavrador", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#17@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Scandinavian explorers", "paraphrase": "Scandinavian explorers", "answer_start": 1572, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#18@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Scandinavian explorers", "paraphrase": "Scandinavian explorers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#18@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "east ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 117, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#19@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "east ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#19@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Europe ", "paraphrase": "Europe", "answer_start": 287, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#20@pos", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Europe ", "paraphrase": "Europe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#20@neg", "qid": "35usikebnrgv4tgo1fcy93bm6r5n6d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#1@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#1@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court", "paraphrase": "The International Criminal Court", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#2@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court", "paraphrase": "The International Criminal Court", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#2@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#3@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#3@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt", "paraphrase": "ICCt", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#4@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt", "paraphrase": "ICCt", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#4@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry.", "paraphrase": "Four", "answer_start": 1114, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#5@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry.", "paraphrase": "Four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#5@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency", "paraphrase": "the Presidency", "answer_start": 1114, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#6@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency", "paraphrase": "the Presidency", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#6@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The President is the most senior judge ", "paraphrase": "most", "answer_start": 1237, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#7@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The President is the most senior judge ", "paraphrase": "most", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#7@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Division", "paraphrase": "the Judicial Division", "answer_start": 1114, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#8@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Division", "paraphrase": "the Judicial Division", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#8@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court.", "paraphrase": "hears cases before the Court", "answer_start": 1310, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#9@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court.", "paraphrase": "hears cases before the Court", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#9@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor", "paraphrase": "the Office of the Prosecutor", "answer_start": 1114, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#10@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor", "paraphrase": "the Office of the Prosecutor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#10@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor", "paraphrase": "the Prosecutor", "answer_start": 1365, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#11@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor", "paraphrase": "the Prosecutor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#11@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry.", "paraphrase": "the Registry", "answer_start": 1114, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#12@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry.", "paraphrase": "the Registry", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#12@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC", "paraphrase": "all the administrative functions", "answer_start": 1502, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#13@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC", "paraphrase": "all the administrative functions", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#13@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "paraphrase": "including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "answer_start": 1502, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#14@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "paraphrase": "including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#14@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands.", "paraphrase": "Netherlands", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#15@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands.", "paraphrase": "Netherlands", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#15@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals", "paraphrase": "individuals", "answer_start": 154, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#16@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals", "paraphrase": "individuals", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#16@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals", "paraphrase": "criminals", "answer_start": 291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#17@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals", "paraphrase": "criminals", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#17@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#18@pos", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#18@neg", "qid": "35gcefq6i5oqoz7pl1puxn6b6gmz3f_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project ", "paraphrase": "a wiki-based Wikimedia project", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#1@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project ", "paraphrase": "a wiki-based Wikimedia project", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#1@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation", "paraphrase": "Wikimedia Foundation", "answer_start": 124, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#2@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation", "paraphrase": "Wikimedia Foundation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#2@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit.", "paraphrase": "free content textbooks", "answer_start": 159, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#3@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit.", "paraphrase": "free content textbooks", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#3@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit.", "paraphrase": "annotated texts", "answer_start": 159, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#4@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit.", "paraphrase": "annotated texts", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#4@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 475, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#5@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#5@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Wikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children", "paraphrase": "Wikijunior", "answer_start": 851, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#6@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Wikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children", "paraphrase": "Wikijunior", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#6@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " The project consists of both a magazine and a website,", "paraphrase": "a magazine", "answer_start": 930, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#7@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " The project consists of both a magazine and a website,", "paraphrase": "a magazine", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#7@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The project consists of both a magazine and a website", "paraphrase": "a website", "answer_start": 931, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#8@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The project consists of both a magazine and a website", "paraphrase": "a website", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#8@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 986, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#9@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#9@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish", "paraphrase": "English, Danish, Finnish", "answer_start": 985, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#10@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish", "paraphrase": "English, Danish, Finnish", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#10@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n", "paraphrase": "by a grant", "answer_start": 1102, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#11@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n", "paraphrase": "by a grant", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#11@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n", "paraphrase": "the Beck Foundation.", "answer_start": 1103, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#12@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n", "paraphrase": "the Beck Foundation.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#12@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity,", "paraphrase": "Wikiversity", "answer_start": 475, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#13@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity,", "paraphrase": "Wikiversity", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#13@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "In August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.", "paraphrase": "Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.", "answer_start": 725, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#14@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "In August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.", "paraphrase": "Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#14@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "While some books are original,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1155, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#15@pos", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "While some books are original,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#15@neg", "qid": "3e4gguz1t8r6emckh08fryd6wt22ke_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. I", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 37, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#1@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. I", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#1@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. ", "paraphrase": "Spain", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#2@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. ", "paraphrase": "Spain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#2@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "n addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "1/1000 of a dollar", "answer_start": 92, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#3@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "n addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "1/1000 of a dollar", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#3@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), ", "paraphrase": "1/100", "answer_start": 221, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#4@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), ", "paraphrase": "1/100", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#4@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "dime or one-tenth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "1/10", "answer_start": 267, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#5@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "dime or one-tenth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "1/10", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#5@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5),", "paraphrase": "\u20a5", "answer_start": 173, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#6@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5),", "paraphrase": "\u20a5", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#6@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2),", "paraphrase": "\u00a2", "answer_start": 221, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#7@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2),", "paraphrase": "\u00a2", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#7@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " eagle or ten dollars", "paraphrase": "ten dollars", "answer_start": 301, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#8@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " eagle or ten dollars", "paraphrase": "ten dollars", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#8@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "gold, silver, or copper", "paraphrase": "gold, silver, or copper", "answer_start": 367, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#9@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "gold, silver, or copper", "paraphrase": "gold, silver, or copper", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#9@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union", "paraphrase": "mid-1800s", "answer_start": 400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#10@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union", "paraphrase": "mid-1800s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#10@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " but no union coins were ever struck ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 479, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#11@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " but no union coins were ever struck ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#11@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "d only patterns for the $50 half union exist. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 518, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#12@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "d only patterns for the $50 half union exist. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#12@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "only patterns for the $50 half union exist. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 520, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#13@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "only patterns for the $50 half union exist. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#13@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies,", "paraphrase": "tax levies", "answer_start": 775, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#14@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies,", "paraphrase": "tax levies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#14@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599,", "paraphrase": "gasoline prices", "answer_start": 827, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#15@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599,", "paraphrase": "gasoline prices", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#15@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins ", "paraphrase": "coins", "answer_start": 982, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#16@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins ", "paraphrase": "coins", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#16@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#17@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#17@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "although the note form is significantly more common.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1318, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#18@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "although the note form is significantly more common.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#18@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#18"}
{"answer_text": ". In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar", "paraphrase": "paper money", "answer_start": 1369, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#19@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": ". In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar", "paraphrase": "paper money", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#19@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\",", "paraphrase": "$20", "answer_start": 1484, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#20@pos", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\",", "paraphrase": "$20", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#20@neg", "qid": "3qxnc7eipivf1gqfygdci16bor509d_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "paraphrase": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#1@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "paraphrase": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#1@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "a regional intergovernmental organisation", "paraphrase": "a regional intergovernmental organisation", "answer_start": 57, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#2@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "a regional intergovernmental organisation", "paraphrase": "a regional intergovernmental organisation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#2@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " ten Southeast Asian states", "paraphrase": "ten Southeast Asian states", "answer_start": 109, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#3@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " ten Southeast Asian states", "paraphrase": "ten Southeast Asian states", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#3@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "1967", "paraphrase": "1967", "answer_start": 353, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#4@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "1967", "paraphrase": "1967", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#4@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "on 8 August", "paraphrase": "on 8 August", "answer_start": 341, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#5@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "on 8 August", "paraphrase": "on 8 August", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#5@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres", "paraphrase": "4.4\u00a0million square kilometres", "answer_start": 920, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#6@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres", "paraphrase": "4.4\u00a0million square kilometres", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#6@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "625 million", "paraphrase": "625 million", "answer_start": 1140, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#7@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "625 million", "paraphrase": "625 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#7@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " 8.8%", "paraphrase": "8.8%", "answer_start": 1159, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#8@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " 8.8%", "paraphrase": "8.8%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#8@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand", "paraphrase": "Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand", "answer_start": 361, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#9@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand", "paraphrase": "Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#9@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam", "paraphrase": "Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam", "answer_start": 478, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#10@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam", "paraphrase": "Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#10@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "accelerating economic growth", "paraphrase": "accelerating economic growth", "answer_start": 551, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#11@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "accelerating economic growth", "paraphrase": "accelerating economic growth", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#11@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "social progress", "paraphrase": "social progress", "answer_start": 581, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#12@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "social progress", "paraphrase": "social progress", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#12@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "sociocultural evolution", "paraphrase": "sociocultural evolution", "answer_start": 602, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#13@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "sociocultural evolution", "paraphrase": "sociocultural evolution", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#13@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "US$2.8\u00a0trillion", "paraphrase": "US$2.8\u00a0trillion", "answer_start": 1264, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#14@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "US$2.8\u00a0trillion", "paraphrase": "US$2.8\u00a0trillion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#14@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " the organisation's combined nominal GDP", "paraphrase": "the organisation's combined nominal GDP", "answer_start": 1200, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#15@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " the organisation's combined nominal GDP", "paraphrase": "the organisation's combined nominal GDP", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#15@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "India, China", "paraphrase": "India and China", "answer_start": 1450, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#16@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "India, China", "paraphrase": "India and China", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#16@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Palau, and Australia", "paraphrase": "Palau and Australia", "answer_start": 1549, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#17@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " Palau, and Australia", "paraphrase": "Palau and Australia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#17@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea", "paraphrase": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea", "answer_start": 1577, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#18@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea", "paraphrase": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#18@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "is an official United Nations Observer.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 787, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#19@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "is an official United Nations Observer.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#19@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "English", "paraphrase": "English", "answer_start": 882, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#20@pos", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "English", "paraphrase": "English", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#20@neg", "qid": "3j4q2z4uty3e158m8phjbr54z4awqz_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "military and economic strength", "paraphrase": "military and economic strength", "answer_start": 172, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#1@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "military and economic strength", "paraphrase": "military and economic strength", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#1@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "in conferences", "paraphrase": "in conferences", "answer_start": 583, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#2@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "in conferences", "paraphrase": "in conferences", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#2@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Congress of Vienna", "paraphrase": "Congress of Vienna", "answer_start": 610, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#3@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Congress of Vienna", "paraphrase": "Congress of Vienna", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#3@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "five", "paraphrase": "five", "answer_start": 788, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#4@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "five", "paraphrase": "five", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#4@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "m such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "paraphrase": "Seven", "answer_start": 895, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#5@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "m such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "paraphrase": "Seven", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#5@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "(China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United State", "paraphrase": "(China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United State", "answer_start": 703, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#6@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "(China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United State", "paraphrase": "(China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United State", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#6@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. ", "paraphrase": "globally", "answer_start": 80, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#7@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. ", "paraphrase": "globally", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#7@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 252, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#8@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#8@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 268, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#9@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#9@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " middle or small powers", "paraphrase": "middle or small powers", "answer_start": 267, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#10@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " middle or small powers", "paraphrase": "middle or small powers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#10@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "a sovereign state", "paraphrase": "a sovereign state", "answer_start": 17, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#11@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "a sovereign state", "paraphrase": "a sovereign state", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#11@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "he ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.", "paraphrase": "he ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.", "answer_start": 65, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#12@pos", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "he ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.", "paraphrase": "he ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#12@neg", "qid": "3hfnh7hemhei4jimtkd1pojg58tgqd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism", "paraphrase": "the Kashmir region", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism", "paraphrase": "the Kashmir region", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism", "paraphrase": "Hinduism, Buddhism and Kashmir Shaivism", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism", "paraphrase": "Hinduism, Buddhism and Kashmir Shaivism", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent", "paraphrase": "the Indian subcontinent", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent", "paraphrase": "the Indian subcontinent", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region", "paraphrase": "the northernmost geographical region", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region", "paraphrase": "the northernmost geographical region", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range", "paraphrase": "the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range", "answer_start": 139, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range", "paraphrase": "the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories", "paraphrase": "the Indian-administered territory, the Pakistani-administered territories and the Chinese-administered territories", "answer_start": 255, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories", "paraphrase": "the Indian-administered territory, the Pakistani-administered territories and the Chinese-administered territories", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China", "paraphrase": "India, Pakistan, and China", "answer_start": 1432, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China", "paraphrase": "India, Pakistan, and China", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India", "paraphrase": "Pakistan and India", "answer_start": 1342, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India", "paraphrase": "Pakistan and India", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler", "paraphrase": "Shah Mir", "answer_start": 717, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler", "paraphrase": "Shah Mir", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir", "paraphrase": "1820", "answer_start": 899, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir", "paraphrase": "1820", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ymtujh0dsgfkjhufn5vl4x0zhb4ty_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "1534", "paraphrase": "the 16th", "answer_start": 828, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#1@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "1534", "paraphrase": "the 16th", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#1@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Jesuits", "paraphrase": "Jesuits", "answer_start": 155, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#2@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Jesuits", "paraphrase": "Jesuits", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#2@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "a Basque nobleman", "paraphrase": "a Basque nobleman", "answer_start": 547, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#3@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "a Basque nobleman", "paraphrase": "a Basque nobleman", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#3@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "founded the society", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 607, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#4@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "founded the society", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#4@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "military", "paraphrase": "military", "answer_start": 1249, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#5@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "military", "paraphrase": "military", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#5@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "on six continents", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": 243, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#6@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "on six continents", "paraphrase": "six", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#6@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "112", "paraphrase": "112", "answer_start": 231, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#7@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "112", "paraphrase": "112", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#7@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " intellectual research, and cultural pursuits", "paraphrase": "intellectual research and cultural pursuits", "answer_start": 347, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#8@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " intellectual research, and cultural pursuits", "paraphrase": "intellectual research and cultural pursuits", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#8@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "God's soldiers", "paraphrase": "God's soldiers", "answer_start": 1744, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#9@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "God's soldiers", "paraphrase": "God's soldiers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#9@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Paul III", "paraphrase": "Pope Paul III", "answer_start": 1138, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#10@pos", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Pope Paul III", "paraphrase": "Pope Paul III", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#10@neg", "qid": "3o6cyiuled16tyf3py1ols2t2ptuwf_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\"", "paraphrase": "Darwin", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#1@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\"", "paraphrase": "Darwin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#1@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\"", "paraphrase": "1859", "answer_start": 568, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#2@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\"", "paraphrase": "1859", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#2@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#3@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#3@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist", "paraphrase": "naturalist, geologist and biologist", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#4@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist", "paraphrase": "naturalist, geologist and biologist", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#4@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": 1237, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#5@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#5@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1237, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#6@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#6@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education", "paraphrase": "medical education", "answer_start": 1237, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#7@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education", "paraphrase": "medical education", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#7@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#8@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#8@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace", "paraphrase": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "answer_start": 265, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#9@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace", "paraphrase": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#9@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection", "paraphrase": "that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection", "answer_start": 328, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#10@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection", "paraphrase": "that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#10@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 430, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#11@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#11@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1315, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#12@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#12@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": 1315, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#13@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#13@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh", "paraphrase": "University of Edinburgh", "answer_start": 1237, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#14@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh", "paraphrase": "University of Edinburgh", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#14@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "he helped to investigate marine invertebrates", "paraphrase": "marine invertebrates", "answer_start": 1353, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#15@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "he helped to investigate marine invertebrates", "paraphrase": "marine invertebrates", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#15@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "University of Cambridge", "answer_start": 1400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#16@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Studies at the University of Cambridge", "paraphrase": "University of Cambridge", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#16@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science", "paraphrase": "natural science", "answer_start": 1400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#17@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science", "paraphrase": "natural science", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#17@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution", "paraphrase": "that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution", "answer_start": 952, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#19@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution", "paraphrase": "that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#19@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882", "paraphrase": "19\u00a0April 1882", "answer_start": 26, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#20@pos", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882", "paraphrase": "19\u00a0April 1882", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#20@neg", "qid": "33c7ualjvlyfu0snp7bywaua9lp184_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "one-tenth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "one-tenth of a dollar", "answer_start": 275, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "one-tenth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "one-tenth of a dollar", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "one-hundredth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "one-hundredth of a dollar", "answer_start": 229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "one-hundredth of a dollar", "paraphrase": "one-hundredth of a dollar", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " mil", "paraphrase": "A mill, yes", "answer_start": 173, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " mil", "paraphrase": "A mill, yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "one-thousandth of a dolla", "paraphrase": "one-thousandth of a dolla", "answer_start": 182, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "one-thousandth of a dolla", "paraphrase": "one-thousandth of a dolla", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " coinage act ", "paraphrase": "coinage act", "answer_start": 120, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " coinage act ", "paraphrase": "coinage act", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Spanish milled ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 11, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Spanish milled ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " U.S", "paraphrase": "U.S", "answer_start": 36, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " U.S", "paraphrase": "U.S", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Federal Reserve notes", "paraphrase": "Federal Reserve notes", "answer_start": 1121, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Federal Reserve notes", "paraphrase": "Federal Reserve notes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "U.S. coins", "paraphrase": "U.S. coins", "answer_start": 1042, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "U.S. coins", "paraphrase": "U.S. coins", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ydgxnseozuwmzp6cpu0u81dlx1486_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge", "paraphrase": "An exhibition game", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#1@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge", "paraphrase": "An exhibition game", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#1@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 324, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#2@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#2@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#3@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport)", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#3@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport", "paraphrase": "On the sport", "answer_start": 20, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#4@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport", "paraphrase": "On the sport", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#4@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 177, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#5@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#5@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "xhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other", "paraphrase": "How to work with each other", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#6@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "xhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other", "paraphrase": "How to work with each other", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#6@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches ", "paraphrase": "Select players for the competitive matches", "answer_start": 348, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#7@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches ", "paraphrase": "Select players for the competitive matches", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#7@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 619, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#10@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#10@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#11@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#11@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "To raise money", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#12@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "To raise money", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#12@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#13@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#13@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#14@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#14@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "The sport", "answer_start": 701, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#15@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities", "paraphrase": "The sport", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#15@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 947, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#16@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#16@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "nternational competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "paraphrase": "The Olympic Games", "answer_start": 1102, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#17@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "nternational competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "paraphrase": "The Olympic Games", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#17@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "paraphrase": "As a demonstration sport.", "answer_start": 1137, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#18@pos", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "paraphrase": "As a demonstration sport.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#18@neg", "qid": "3glb5jmzfxvofaehoy7hppchmsrgdt_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. ", "paraphrase": "in antiquity", "answer_start": 140, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#1@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. ", "paraphrase": "in antiquity", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#1@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n", "paraphrase": "during the Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": 140, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#2@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n", "paraphrase": "during the Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#2@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer", "paraphrase": "Homer", "answer_start": 579, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#3@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer", "paraphrase": "Homer", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#3@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere", "paraphrase": "Pythagoras", "answer_start": 779, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#4@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere", "paraphrase": "Pythagoras", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#4@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle.", "paraphrase": "Aristotle", "answer_start": 727, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#5@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle.", "paraphrase": "Aristotle", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#5@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure ", "paraphrase": "Because the most perfect figure was a sphere.", "answer_start": 858, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#6@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure ", "paraphrase": "Because the most perfect figure was a sphere.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#6@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. ", "paraphrase": "Anaximenes", "answer_start": 976, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#7@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. ", "paraphrase": "Anaximenes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#7@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape", "paraphrase": "an early Greek philosopher", "answer_start": 977, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#8@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape", "paraphrase": "an early Greek philosopher", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#8@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it", "paraphrase": "a dome over the earth", "answer_start": 231, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#9@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Early ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it", "paraphrase": "a dome over the earth", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#9@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. ", "paraphrase": "it's seen lower in the sky", "answer_start": 522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#10@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. ", "paraphrase": "it's seen lower in the sky", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#10@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia ", "paraphrase": "the circumference of the Earth", "answer_start": 1196, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#11@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia ", "paraphrase": "the circumference of the Earth", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#11@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (", "paraphrase": "stadia", "answer_start": 1195, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#12@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (", "paraphrase": "stadia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#12@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (", "paraphrase": "400,000 stadia", "answer_start": 1195, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#13@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (", "paraphrase": "400,000 stadia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#13@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km", "paraphrase": "62,800 and 74,000", "answer_start": 1285, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#14@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km", "paraphrase": "62,800 and 74,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#14@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1196, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#15@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#15@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km)", "paraphrase": "40,000", "answer_start": 1196, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#16@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km)", "paraphrase": "40,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#16@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi)", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1195, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#17@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi)", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#17@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia ", "paraphrase": "300,000 stadia", "answer_start": 1360, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#18@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia ", "paraphrase": "300,000 stadia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#18@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile", "paraphrase": "the Hellenic stadion", "answer_start": 1423, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#19@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile", "paraphrase": "the Hellenic stadion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#19@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation", "paraphrase": "a guess", "answer_start": 1523, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#20@pos", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation", "paraphrase": "a guess", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#20@neg", "qid": "3e337gfol98x1m5udslkluob042ng7_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "the agencies avoid overt partiality", "paraphrase": "overt partiality", "answer_start": 802, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#1@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the agencies avoid overt partiality", "paraphrase": "overt partiality", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#1@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 897, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#2@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#2@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Only a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city", "paraphrase": "Only a few", "answer_start": 1261, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#3@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Only a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city", "paraphrase": "Only a few", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#3@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "They relied instead on news agencies", "paraphrase": "news agencies", "answer_start": 1335, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#4@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "They relied instead on news agencies", "paraphrase": "news agencies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#4@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Former Havas employees founded Reuters", "paraphrase": "Former Havas employees", "answer_start": 1477, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#5@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Former Havas employees founded Reuters", "paraphrase": "Former Havas employees", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#5@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain", "paraphrase": "1851", "answer_start": 1477, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#6@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain", "paraphrase": "1851", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#6@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Wolff in 1849 in Germany", "paraphrase": "Wolff", "answer_start": 1538, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#7@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Wolff in 1849 in Germany", "paraphrase": "Wolff", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#7@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Wolff in 1849 in Germany;", "paraphrase": "1849", "answer_start": 1539, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#8@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Wolff in 1849 in Germany;", "paraphrase": "1849", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#8@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans ", "paraphrase": "the French Empire, South America and the Balkans", "answer_start": 1675, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#9@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans ", "paraphrase": "the French Empire, South America and the Balkans", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#9@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "and shared the news with the other national agencies.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1752, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#10@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "and shared the news with the other national agencies.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#10@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " shared the news with the other national agencies.", "paraphrase": "the other national agencies", "answer_start": 1755, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#11@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " shared the news with the other national agencies.", "paraphrase": "the other national agencies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#11@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Havas is now Agence France-Presse", "paraphrase": "Agence France-Presse", "answer_start": 1565, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#12@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Havas is now Agence France-Presse", "paraphrase": "Agence France-Presse", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#12@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1842, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#13@pos", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#13@neg", "qid": "3y5140z9dxgb0yn2jvyfav6mfx3pi7_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "mainly in the northern hemisphere", "paraphrase": "the northern hemisphere", "answer_start": 307, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#1@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "mainly in the northern hemisphere", "paraphrase": "the northern hemisphere", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#1@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "as much as 3,000 years ago", "paraphrase": "3,000 years", "answer_start": 506, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#2@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "as much as 3,000 years ago", "paraphrase": "3,000 years", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#2@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle", "paraphrase": "Aristotle", "answer_start": 532, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#3@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle", "paraphrase": "Aristotle", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#3@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "by Ancient Greek authors including Homer ", "paraphrase": "Homer", "answer_start": 533, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#4@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "by Ancient Greek authors including Homer ", "paraphrase": "Homer", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#4@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. ", "paraphrase": "swallows.", "answer_start": 600, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#5@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. ", "paraphrase": "swallows.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#5@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Book of Job, for species such as storks", "paraphrase": "storks", "answer_start": 599, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#6@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Book of Job, for species such as storks", "paraphrase": "storks", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#6@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749", "paraphrase": "Johannes Leche", "answer_start": 684, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#7@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749", "paraphrase": "Johannes Leche", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#7@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland ", "paraphrase": "Finland", "answer_start": 683, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#8@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland ", "paraphrase": "Finland", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#8@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking", "paraphrase": "satellite tracking", "answer_start": 800, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#9@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking", "paraphrase": "satellite tracking", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#9@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 863, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#10@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#10@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "structures such as power lines", "paraphrase": "power lines", "answer_start": 981, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#11@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "structures such as power lines", "paraphrase": "power lines", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#11@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "paraphrase": "wind farms too", "answer_start": 981, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#12@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "paraphrase": "wind farms too", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#12@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " and is driven primarily by availability of food", "paraphrase": "food availability", "answer_start": 247, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#13@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " and is driven primarily by availability of food", "paraphrase": "food availability", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#13@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 157, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#14@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#14@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " including from hunting by humans", "paraphrase": "hunting", "answer_start": 213, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#15@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " including from hunting by humans", "paraphrase": "hunting", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#15@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 863, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#16@pos", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#16@neg", "qid": "3c5w7ue9cfq25qfkq16ow1z6xvrxmt_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology", "paraphrase": "the findings of conservation biology", "answer_start": 345, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#1@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology", "paraphrase": "the findings of conservation biology", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#1@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Conservation biology", "paraphrase": "Conservation biology", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#2@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Conservation biology", "paraphrase": "Conservation biology", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#2@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Conservation biology is the management of nature", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#3@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Conservation biology is the management of nature", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#3@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Earth's biodiversity", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 56, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#4@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Earth's biodiversity", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#4@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems", "paraphrase": "protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems", "answer_start": 93, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#5@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems", "paraphrase": "protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#5@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "drawing on natural and social sciences", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 254, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#6@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "drawing on natural and social sciences", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#6@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology", "paraphrase": "The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology", "answer_start": 483, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#7@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology", "paraphrase": "The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#7@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "held at the University of California", "paraphrase": "the University of California", "answer_start": 590, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#8@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "held at the University of California", "paraphrase": "the University of California", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#8@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "University of California, San Diego", "paraphrase": "San Diego", "answer_start": 602, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#9@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "University of California, San Diego", "paraphrase": "San Diego", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#9@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "in La Jolla, California in 1978", "paraphrase": "1978", "answer_start": 638, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#10@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "in La Jolla, California in 1978", "paraphrase": "1978", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#10@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "ed by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9", "paraphrase": "Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9", "answer_start": 671, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#11@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "ed by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9", "paraphrase": "Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#11@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond", "paraphrase": "Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond", "answer_start": 750, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#12@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond", "paraphrase": "Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#12@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species", "paraphrase": "tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species", "answer_start": 918, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#13@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species", "paraphrase": "tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#13@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first", "paraphrase": "conservation genetics", "answer_start": 1597, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#14@pos", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first", "paraphrase": "conservation genetics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#14@neg", "qid": "3bwi6rsp7g9aenhgrqe7puh9naue7k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Greek roots from pharmakos", "paraphrase": "Greek", "answer_start": 129, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#1@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Greek roots from pharmakos", "paraphrase": "Greek", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#1@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 129, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#2@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#2@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", "paraphrase": "sorcery or even poison", "answer_start": 130, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#3@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", "paraphrase": "sorcery or even poison", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#3@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\"", "paraphrase": "pharmakon", "answer_start": 959, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#4@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\"", "paraphrase": "pharmakon", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#4@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The Greek word Pharmakeia", "paraphrase": "Pharmakeia", "answer_start": 901, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#5@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The Greek word Pharmakeia", "paraphrase": "Pharmakeia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#5@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries", "paraphrase": "15th century", "answer_start": 47, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#6@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries", "paraphrase": "15th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#6@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#7@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#7@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 227, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#8@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#8@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " the pharma offered general medical advice", "paraphrase": "offered general medical advice", "answer_start": 226, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#9@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " the pharma offered general medical advice", "paraphrase": "offered general medical advice", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#9@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery", "paraphrase": "midwifery", "answer_start": 273, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#10@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery", "paraphrase": "midwifery", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#10@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 467, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#11@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#11@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 389, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#12@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#12@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " the place that did this was called an apothecary", "paraphrase": "an apothecary", "answer_start": 550, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#13@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " the place that did this was called an apothecary", "paraphrase": "an apothecary", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#13@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 574, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#14@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#14@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy,", "paraphrase": "pharmacy", "answer_start": 578, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#15@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy,", "paraphrase": "pharmacy", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#15@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 713, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#16@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#16@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "r only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent", "paraphrase": "if they sold herbal remedies", "answer_start": 777, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#17@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "r only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent", "paraphrase": "if they sold herbal remedies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#17@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 850, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#18@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#18@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 389, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#19@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#19@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 388, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#20@pos", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#20@neg", "qid": "3pdjhanyk5g3uxudyhhl4jeqk7yh6k_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU)", "paraphrase": "central processing unit", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#1@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU)", "paraphrase": "central processing unit", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#1@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 312, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#2@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#2@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century ", "paraphrase": "the first century", "answer_start": 442, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#3@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century ", "paraphrase": "the first century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#3@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room,", "paraphrase": "The size of a large room", "answer_start": 781, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#4@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room,", "paraphrase": "The size of a large room", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#4@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "n World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming", "paraphrase": "in specialized military applications", "answer_start": 581, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#5@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "n World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming", "paraphrase": "in specialized military applications", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#5@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming.", "paraphrase": "calculating torpedo aiming", "answer_start": 580, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#6@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming.", "paraphrase": "calculating torpedo aiming", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#6@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 906, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#7@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#7@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory", "paraphrase": "memory", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#8@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory", "paraphrase": "memory", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#8@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations", "paraphrase": "carries out arithmetic and logic operations", "answer_start": 140, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#9@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations", "paraphrase": "carries out arithmetic and logic operations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#9@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations.", "paraphrase": "astronomical calculations", "answer_start": 442, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#10@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations.", "paraphrase": "astronomical calculations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#10@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 781, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#11@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#11@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). ", "paraphrase": "as much as several hundred modern personal computers", "answer_start": 781, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#12@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). ", "paraphrase": "as much as several hundred modern personal computers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#12@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#13@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#13@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "paraphrase": "MP3 players", "answer_start": 1291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#14@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "paraphrase": "MP3 players", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#14@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous", "paraphrase": "fighter aircraft", "answer_start": 1291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#15@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous", "paraphrase": "fighter aircraft", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#15@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous", "paraphrase": "industrial robots", "answer_start": 1291, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#16@pos", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous", "paraphrase": "industrial robots", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#16@neg", "qid": "3sbehtycwn359cf3aiuynmzyju4yis_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Python was conceived in the late 1980s", "paraphrase": "Python", "answer_start": 1185, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#1@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Python was conceived in the late 1980s", "paraphrase": "Python", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#1@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " its implementation began in December 1989 ", "paraphrase": "1989", "answer_start": 1228, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#2@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " its implementation began in December 1989 ", "paraphrase": "1989", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#2@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " its implementation began in December 1989", "paraphrase": "December", "answer_start": 1228, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#3@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " its implementation began in December 1989", "paraphrase": "December", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#3@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum", "paraphrase": "Guido van Rossum", "answer_start": 1229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#4@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum", "paraphrase": "Guido van Rossum", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#4@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (", "paraphrase": "Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica", "answer_start": 1271, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#5@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (", "paraphrase": "Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#5@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "as a successor to the ABC language", "paraphrase": "the ABC language", "answer_start": 1350, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#6@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "as a successor to the ABC language", "paraphrase": "the ABC language", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#6@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.", "paraphrase": "1991", "answer_start": 89, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#7@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.", "paraphrase": "1991", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#7@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "programming language for general-purpose programming", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 35, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#8@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "programming language for general-purpose programming", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#8@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability", "paraphrase": "code readability", "answer_start": 170, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#10@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability", "paraphrase": "code readability", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#10@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords)", "paraphrase": "using whitespace indentation", "answer_start": 216, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#11@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords)", "paraphrase": "using whitespace indentation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#11@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java", "paraphrase": "fewer", "answer_start": 372, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#12@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java", "paraphrase": "fewer", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#12@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java", "paraphrase": "C++ and Java", "answer_start": 392, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#13@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java", "paraphrase": "C++ and Java", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#13@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "writing clear programs on both a small and large scale", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 521, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#14@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "writing clear programs on both a small and large scale", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#14@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "supports multiple programming paradigms", "paraphrase": "multiple", "answer_start": 653, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#15@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "supports multiple programming paradigms", "paraphrase": "multiple", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#15@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. ", "paraphrase": "functional programming", "answer_start": 693, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#16@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. ", "paraphrase": "functional programming", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#16@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles", "paraphrase": "procedural", "answer_start": 693, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#17@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles", "paraphrase": "procedural", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#17@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Python interpreters are available for many operating systems", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 831, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#18@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Python interpreters are available for many operating systems", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#18@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "It has a large and comprehensive standard library", "paraphrase": "big", "answer_start": 780, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#19@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "It has a large and comprehensive standard library", "paraphrase": "big", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#19@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. ", "paraphrase": "Python Software Foundation.", "answer_start": 1118, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#20@pos", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. ", "paraphrase": "Python Software Foundation.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#20@neg", "qid": "3l4d84milzsfis9ki0badnjv6lkhj8_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians", "paraphrase": "Tacitus", "answer_start": 909, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#1@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians", "paraphrase": "Tacitus", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#1@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics", "paraphrase": "power politics", "answer_start": 1124, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#2@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics", "paraphrase": "power politics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#2@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "into the psychology of power politics", "paraphrase": "psychology", "answer_start": 1149, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#3@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "into the psychology of power politics", "paraphrase": "psychology", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#3@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose", "paraphrase": "Latin", "answer_start": 1043, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#4@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose", "paraphrase": "Latin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#4@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#5@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#5@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator", "paraphrase": "he was a senator", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#6@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator", "paraphrase": "he was a senator", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#6@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " The surviving portions of his two major works", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": 96, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#7@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " The surviving portions of his two major works", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#7@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"", "paraphrase": "the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"", "answer_start": 96, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#8@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"", "paraphrase": "the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#8@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD)", "paraphrase": "69 AD", "answer_start": 272, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#9@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD)", "paraphrase": "69 AD", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#9@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero", "paraphrase": "a Roman emperor", "answer_start": 202, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#10@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero", "paraphrase": "a Roman emperor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#10@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius", "paraphrase": "a Roman emperor", "answer_start": 202, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#11@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius", "paraphrase": "a Roman emperor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#11@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the death of Augustus, in 14 AD", "paraphrase": "14 AD", "answer_start": 365, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#12@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "the death of Augustus, in 14 AD", "paraphrase": "14 AD", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#12@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "he years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD", "paraphrase": "First Jewish\u2013Roman War", "answer_start": 402, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#13@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "he years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD", "paraphrase": "First Jewish\u2013Roman War", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#13@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero", "paraphrase": "A Roman emperor", "answer_start": 202, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#14@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero", "paraphrase": "A Roman emperor", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#14@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "his father-in-law, Agricola", "paraphrase": "Agricola", "answer_start": 720, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#15@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "his father-in-law, Agricola", "paraphrase": "Agricola", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#15@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Agricola, the Roman general", "paraphrase": "the Roman general", "answer_start": 738, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#16@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Agricola, the Roman general", "paraphrase": "the Roman general", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#16@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain", "paraphrase": "the Roman conquest of Britain", "answer_start": 739, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#17@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain", "paraphrase": "the Roman conquest of Britain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#17@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 565, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#18@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#18@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature", "paraphrase": "Silver Age of Latin literature", "answer_start": 909, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#19@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature", "paraphrase": "Silver Age of Latin literature", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#19@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1050, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#20@pos", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#20@neg", "qid": "3dy4fpooa1o1yhnhvu1nufwvohprv0_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " It is an inland and in relative terms upland county ", "paraphrase": "It is both.", "answer_start": 51, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#1@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " It is an inland and in relative terms upland county ", "paraphrase": "It is both.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#1@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "England", "paraphrase": "England", "answer_start": 43, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#2@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "England", "paraphrase": "England", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#2@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "eastward-draining valleys", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 111, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#3@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "eastward-draining valleys", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#3@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " five metropolitan boroughs", "paraphrase": "five", "answer_start": 360, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#4@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " five metropolitan boroughs", "paraphrase": "five", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#4@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " 2.2 million", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 198, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#5@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " 2.2 million", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#5@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " 2.2 million", "paraphrase": "2.2 million", "answer_start": 198, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#6@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " 2.2 million", "paraphrase": "2.2 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#6@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " 1974", "paraphrase": "1974", "answer_start": 274, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#7@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " 1974", "paraphrase": "1974", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#7@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n", "paraphrase": "The passage of the Local Government Act 1972.", "answer_start": 280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#8@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n", "paraphrase": "The passage of the Local Government Act 1972.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#8@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " informally,", "paraphrase": "informally,", "answer_start": 712, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#10@pos", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " informally,", "paraphrase": "informally,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#10@neg", "qid": "3vben272mkzuhzxzlo26koyhn6osg8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. ", "paraphrase": "a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. ", "paraphrase": "a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements,", "paraphrase": "yes or fairly pure", "answer_start": 515, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements,", "paraphrase": "yes or fairly pure", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) ", "paraphrase": "an impure substance", "answer_start": 515, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) ", "paraphrase": "an impure substance", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "an impure substance (admixture) ", "paraphrase": "admixture", "answer_start": 598, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "an impure substance (admixture) ", "paraphrase": "admixture", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). ", "paraphrase": "it can be", "answer_start": 127, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). ", "paraphrase": "it can be", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements;", "paraphrase": "to make alloys", "answer_start": 851, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements;", "paraphrase": "to make alloys", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) ", "paraphrase": "it's a solid solution of metal elements", "answer_start": 127, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) ", "paraphrase": "it's a solid solution of metal elements", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " the added impurities are usually desirable", "paraphrase": "usually", "answer_start": 763, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " the added impurities are usually desirable", "paraphrase": "usually", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit", "paraphrase": "yes, some", "answer_start": 763, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit", "paraphrase": "yes, some", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal", "paraphrase": "a base metal", "answer_start": 937, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal", "paraphrase": "a base metal", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy.", "paraphrase": "the name of the alloy", "answer_start": 937, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy.", "paraphrase": "the name of the alloy", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The other constituents may or may not be metals", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1059, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The other constituents may or may not be metals", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "paraphrase": "when mixed with the molten base, yes", "answer_start": 1058, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "paraphrase": "when mixed with the molten base, yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "paraphrase": "the mixture", "answer_start": 1059, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "paraphrase": "the mixture", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 937, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 851, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#16@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#16@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 674, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#17@pos", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#17@neg", "qid": "3ii4upycoj7fsz8vructj3gjsfrqdp_q#17"}
{"answer_text": ". The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" ", "paraphrase": "the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd", "answer_start": 143, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#1@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": ". The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" ", "paraphrase": "the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#1@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "These canons have developed through debate", "paraphrase": "debate", "answer_start": 864, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#2@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "These canons have developed through debate", "paraphrase": "debate", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#2@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\"", "paraphrase": "an authoritative collection of books", "answer_start": 592, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#3@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\"", "paraphrase": "an authoritative collection of books", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#3@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, ", "paraphrase": "the addition of books", "answer_start": 691, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#4@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, ", "paraphrase": "the addition of books", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#4@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "\"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books", "paraphrase": "a collection of authoritative books", "answer_start": 708, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#5@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "\"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books", "paraphrase": "a collection of authoritative books", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#5@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1435, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#6@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#6@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\"", "paraphrase": "rule", "answer_start": 169, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#7@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\"", "paraphrase": "rule", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#7@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition.", "paraphrase": "cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated", "answer_start": 1770, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#8@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition.", "paraphrase": "cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#8@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1518, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#9@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#9@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture", "paraphrase": "Christians", "answer_start": 235, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#10@pos", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture", "paraphrase": "Christians", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#10@neg", "qid": "3hwrjooet52wxl18ftcikld5anvse7_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory", "paraphrase": "mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory", "answer_start": 522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#1@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory", "paraphrase": "mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#1@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 1707", "paraphrase": "1707", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#2@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 1707", "paraphrase": "1707", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#2@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes", "paraphrase": "60 to 80", "answer_start": 822, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#3@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes", "paraphrase": "60 to 80", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#3@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Leonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler", "paraphrase": "Paul III Euler", "answer_start": 1158, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#4@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Leonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler", "paraphrase": "Paul III Euler", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#4@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia", "paraphrase": "Saint Petersburg, Russia, and Berlin", "answer_start": 904, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#5@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia", "paraphrase": "Saint Petersburg, Russia, and Berlin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#5@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics", "paraphrase": "Pierre-Simon Laplace", "answer_start": 1011, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#6@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics", "paraphrase": "Pierre-Simon Laplace", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#6@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia", "paraphrase": "Prussia", "answer_start": 969, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#7@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia", "paraphrase": "Prussia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#7@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "He had two younger sisters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1319, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#8@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "He had two younger sisters", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#8@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysi", "paraphrase": "mathematical analysis", "answer_start": 359, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#9@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysi", "paraphrase": "mathematical analysis", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#9@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood", "paraphrase": "Riehen", "answer_start": 1483, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#10@pos", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood", "paraphrase": "Riehen", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#10@neg", "qid": "3oxv7eaxleqo0pnejwsj0pdg19236z_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence", "paraphrase": "Judas Priest", "answer_start": 643, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#1@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence", "paraphrase": "Judas Priest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#1@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed", "paraphrase": "Mot\u00f6rhead", "answer_start": 734, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#2@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed", "paraphrase": "Mot\u00f6rhead", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#2@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#2"}
{"answer_text": ": thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer,", "paraphrase": "Metallica, Megadeth", "answer_start": 1194, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#3@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ": thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer,", "paraphrase": "Metallica, Megadeth", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#3@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "hese include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God", "paraphrase": "Pantera,", "answer_start": 1488, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#4@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "hese include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God", "paraphrase": "Pantera,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#4@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "paraphrase": "nu metal", "answer_start": 1574, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#5@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "paraphrase": "nu metal", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#5@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Slipknot", "paraphrase": "Slipknot", "answer_start": 1609, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#6@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Slipknot", "paraphrase": "Slipknot", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#6@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "In 1968, ", "paraphrase": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 463, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#7@pos", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "In 1968, ", "paraphrase": "In 1968,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#7@neg", "qid": "3l6l49wxw0xdzh64ernxiormjev54e_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. ", "paraphrase": "William", "answer_start": 609, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#1@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. ", "paraphrase": "William", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#1@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. ", "paraphrase": "William Whewell", "answer_start": 609, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#2@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. ", "paraphrase": "William Whewell", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#2@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.", "paraphrase": "19th century.", "answer_start": 561, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#3@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.", "paraphrase": "19th century.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#3@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers", "paraphrase": "natural philosophers", "answer_start": 662, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#4@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers", "paraphrase": "natural philosophers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#4@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": 662, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#5@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers", "paraphrase": "nature", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#5@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern", "paraphrase": "Roger Bacon", "answer_start": 952, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#7@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern", "paraphrase": "Roger Bacon", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#7@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), ", "paraphrase": "natural world", "answer_start": 742, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#8@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), ", "paraphrase": "natural world", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#8@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe", "paraphrase": "16th- and 17th-century", "answer_start": 1004, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#9@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe", "paraphrase": "16th- and 17th-century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#9@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ", "paraphrase": "scientific methods", "answer_start": 892, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#11@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ", "paraphrase": "scientific methods", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#11@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 1176, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#12@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#12@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "paraphrase": "Traditionally", "answer_start": 1320, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#13@pos", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "paraphrase": "Traditionally", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#13@neg", "qid": "3xm0hyn6nkzzktlgnc8opg8unv9pet_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "he Gulf of Mexico", "paraphrase": "the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 155, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#1@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "he Gulf of Mexico", "paraphrase": "the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#1@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the 3rd most populou", "paraphrase": "the 3rd most populous", "answer_start": 358, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#2@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the 3rd most populou", "paraphrase": "the 3rd most populous", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#2@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Florida panther", "paraphrase": "Florida panther", "answer_start": 1150, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#3@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Florida panther", "paraphrase": "Florida panther", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#3@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Tallahassee", "paraphrase": "Tallahassee", "answer_start": 640, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#4@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " Tallahassee", "paraphrase": "Tallahassee", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#4@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "flowery land", "paraphrase": "flowery land", "answer_start": 34, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#5@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "flowery land", "paraphrase": "flowery land", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#5@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Spanish", "paraphrase": "Spanish", "answer_start": 21, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#6@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Spanish", "paraphrase": "Spanish", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#6@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " 1,350 miles", "paraphrase": "1,350 miles", "answer_start": 840, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#7@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " 1,350 miles", "paraphrase": "1,350 miles", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#7@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1107, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#8@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#8@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Miami ", "paraphrase": "Miami", "answer_start": 554, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#9@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Miami ", "paraphrase": "Miami", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#9@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " sedimentary soil", "paraphrase": "sedimentary soil", "answer_start": 1013, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#10@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " sedimentary soil", "paraphrase": "sedimentary soil", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#10@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Everglades National Park", "paraphrase": "Everglades National Park", "answer_start": 1200, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#11@pos", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Everglades National Park", "paraphrase": "Everglades National Park", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#11@neg", "qid": "31qtrg6q2tdxqy27ndkiwj0a57xyp0_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation of Islam,", "paraphrase": "The Nation of Islam.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#1@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation of Islam,", "paraphrase": "The Nation of Islam.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#1@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI,", "paraphrase": "NOI.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#2@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI,", "paraphrase": "NOI.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#2@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " founded in Detroit, Michigan", "paraphrase": "Detroit, Michigan.", "answer_start": 97, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#3@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " founded in Detroit, Michigan", "paraphrase": "Detroit, Michigan.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#3@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad", "paraphrase": "Wallace D. Fard Muhammad.", "answer_start": 98, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#4@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad", "paraphrase": "Wallace D. Fard Muhammad.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#4@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.", "paraphrase": "July 4, 1930.", "answer_start": 98, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#5@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.", "paraphrase": "July 4, 1930.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#5@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\".", "paraphrase": "\"The Final Call\".", "answer_start": 484, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#6@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\".", "paraphrase": "\"The Final Call\".", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#6@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n", "paraphrase": "Between 20,000 and 50,000.", "answer_start": 528, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#7@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n", "paraphrase": "Between 20,000 and 50,000.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#7@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity.", "paraphrase": "Improve the condition of African Americans in the US and all of humanity.", "answer_start": 192, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#8@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity.", "paraphrase": "Improve the condition of African Americans in the US and all of humanity.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#8@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic.", "paraphrase": "Black supremacist and antisemitic.", "answer_start": 337, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#9@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic.", "paraphrase": "Black supremacist and antisemitic.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#9@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. ", "paraphrase": "The Southern Poverty Law Center.", "answer_start": 420, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#10@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. ", "paraphrase": "The Southern Poverty Law Center.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#10@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "After Fard disappeared ", "paraphrase": "Disappeared.", "answer_start": 607, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#11@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "After Fard disappeared ", "paraphrase": "Disappeared.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#11@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "disappeared in June 1934,", "paraphrase": "June 1934.", "answer_start": 618, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#12@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "disappeared in June 1934,", "paraphrase": "June 1934.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#12@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad,", "paraphrase": "Elijah Muhammad.", "answer_start": 648, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#13@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad,", "paraphrase": "Elijah Muhammad.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#13@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "who established places of worship", "paraphrase": "Places of worship.", "answer_start": 692, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#14@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "who established places of worship", "paraphrase": "Places of worship.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#14@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "places of worship (called Temples or Mosques)", "paraphrase": "pl Temples or Mosques.", "answer_start": 708, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#15@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "places of worship (called Temples or Mosques)", "paraphrase": "pl Temples or Mosques.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#15@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " a school named Muhammad University of Islam,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 754, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#16@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " a school named Muhammad University of Islam,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#16@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " a school named Muhammad University of Islam,", "paraphrase": "Muhammad University of Islam.", "answer_start": 754, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#17@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " a school named Muhammad University of Islam,", "paraphrase": "Muhammad University of Islam.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#17@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. ", "paraphrase": "African-American businesses.", "answer_start": 865, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#18@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. ", "paraphrase": "African-American businesses.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#18@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X ", "paraphrase": "Malcolm X", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#19@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X ", "paraphrase": "Malcolm X", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#19@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, ", "paraphrase": "1975", "answer_start": 1109, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#20@pos", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, ", "paraphrase": "1975", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#20@neg", "qid": "3jc6vj2sabjs16mlnsxovrdmbpi5ai_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865)", "paraphrase": "1861-1865", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#1@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865)", "paraphrase": "1861-1865", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#1@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" ", "paraphrase": "The union and The Confederacy", "answer_start": 229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#2@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" ", "paraphrase": "The union and The Confederacy", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#2@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#2"}
{"answer_text": ", the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states", "paraphrase": ",20 free states and 5 border states", "answer_start": 41, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#3@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ", the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states", "paraphrase": ",20 free states and 5 border states", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#3@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" ", "paraphrase": "11", "answer_start": 228, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#4@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" ", "paraphrase": "11", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#4@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states", "paraphrase": "the Union", "answer_start": 43, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#5@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states", "paraphrase": "the Union", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#5@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " Most states had Republican governors ", "paraphrase": "Republican", "answer_start": 935, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#6@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Most states had Republican governors ", "paraphrase": "Republican", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#6@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort a", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 935, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#7@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort a", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#7@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\"", "paraphrase": "\"Copperheads.\"", "answer_start": 1171, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#8@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\"", "paraphrase": "\"Copperheads.\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#8@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" ", "paraphrase": "the war Democrats", "answer_start": 1063, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#9@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" ", "paraphrase": "the war Democrats", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#9@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York", "paraphrase": "1862", "answer_start": 1218, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#10@pos", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York", "paraphrase": "1862", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#10@neg", "qid": "3xc1o3lbosmbiroflf4c7lzbl33tld_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Autonomous okrug", "paraphrase": "Autonomous okrug", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#1@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Autonomous okrug", "paraphrase": "Autonomous okrug", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#1@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "national okrug", "paraphrase": "national okrug", "answer_start": 353, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#2@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "national okrug", "paraphrase": "national okrug", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#2@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "autonomous district", "paraphrase": "autonomous district", "answer_start": 55, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#3@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "autonomous district", "paraphrase": "autonomous district", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#3@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "1920s", "paraphrase": "1920s", "answer_start": 421, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#4@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "1920s", "paraphrase": "1920s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#4@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North", "paraphrase": "provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North", "answer_start": 461, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#5@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North", "paraphrase": "provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#5@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "1930", "paraphrase": "1930", "answer_start": 453, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#6@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "1930", "paraphrase": "1930", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#6@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "1977", "paraphrase": "1977", "answer_start": 517, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#7@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "1977", "paraphrase": "1977", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#7@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "1977 Soviet Constitution", "paraphrase": "1977 Soviet Constitution", "answer_start": 527, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#8@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "1977 Soviet Constitution", "paraphrase": "1977 Soviet Constitution", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#8@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "1990", "paraphrase": "1990", "answer_start": 886, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#9@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "1990", "paraphrase": "1990", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#9@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " ten", "paraphrase": "ten", "answer_start": 1102, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#10@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " ten", "paraphrase": "ten", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#10@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "paraphrase": "Six", "answer_start": 1307, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#11@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "paraphrase": "Six", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#11@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "eighty-five", "paraphrase": "eighty-five", "answer_start": 266, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#12@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "eighty-five", "paraphrase": "eighty-five", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#12@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "three ", "paraphrase": "three", "answer_start": 1178, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#13@pos", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "three ", "paraphrase": "three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#13@neg", "qid": "3npfyt4izc42dgjyfy8tjwf92mugxa_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.", "paraphrase": "Rome.", "answer_start": 633, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#1@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.", "paraphrase": "Rome.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#1@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "forces of Rome under Julius Caesar", "paraphrase": "Julius Caesar.", "answer_start": 678, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#2@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "forces of Rome under Julius Caesar", "paraphrase": "Julius Caesar.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#2@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 1133, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#3@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#3@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ", Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity", "paraphrase": "Christianity.", "answer_start": 1132, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#4@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#4"}
{"answer_text": ", Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity", "paraphrase": "Christianity.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#4@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "100 million native speakers of German in the world", "paraphrase": "100 million.", "answer_start": 17, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#5@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "100 million native speakers of German in the world", "paraphrase": "100 million.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#5@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.", "paraphrase": "Yes but not all do.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#6@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.", "paraphrase": "Yes but not all do.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#6@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans", "paraphrase": "80 million.", "answer_start": 68, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#7@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans", "paraphrase": "80 million.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#7@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 852, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#8@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#8@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.", "paraphrase": "To have conflict with the Germanic tribes.", "answer_start": 633, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#9@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.", "paraphrase": "To have conflict with the Germanic tribes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#9@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine", "paraphrase": "The Rhine", "answer_start": 699, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#10@pos", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine", "paraphrase": "The Rhine", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#10@neg", "qid": "38f5oaun5ncmyx8ihrmdaxemfhgh7f_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "1 October 1899", "paraphrase": "October 11th 1899", "answer_start": 160, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "1 October 1899", "paraphrase": "October 11th 1899", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " 31 May 1902", "paraphrase": "May 31 1902", "answer_start": 187, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " 31 May 1902", "paraphrase": "May 31 1902", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa", "paraphrase": "Main two: Britain and South Africa", "answer_start": 201, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa", "paraphrase": "Main two: Britain and South Africa", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Britain was overconfident and under-prepared.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 680, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Britain was overconfident and under-prepared.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand", "paraphrase": "the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand", "answer_start": 530, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand", "paraphrase": "the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " The Boer", "paraphrase": "The Boers", "answer_start": 725, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " The Boer", "paraphrase": "The Boers", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking", "paraphrase": "Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking", "answer_start": 785, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking", "paraphrase": "Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " early 1900", "paraphrase": "the early 1900s", "answer_start": 822, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " early 1900", "paraphrase": "the early 1900s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back", "paraphrase": "They brought in a bunch of soldiers and fought back", "answer_start": 917, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back", "paraphrase": "They brought in a bunch of soldiers and fought back", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 979, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "General Redvers Buller", "paraphrase": "General Redvers Buller", "answer_start": 979, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "General Redvers Buller", "paraphrase": "General Redvers Buller", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener.", "paraphrase": "Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener", "answer_start": 1018, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener.", "paraphrase": "Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "1900", "paraphrase": "1900", "answer_start": 1496, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "1900", "paraphrase": "1900", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " \"khaki election\"", "paraphrase": "\"khaki election\"", "answer_start": 1514, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " \"khaki election\"", "paraphrase": "\"khaki election\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "give the government another six years of power in London.", "paraphrase": "gives the government another six years of power in London.", "answer_start": 1535, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#16@pos", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "give the government another six years of power in London.", "paraphrase": "gives the government another six years of power in London.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#16@neg", "qid": "3ydtzai2wxgebz5ld4llfye57zj41q_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "he PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004.", "paraphrase": "2004.", "answer_start": 464, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#1@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "he PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004.", "paraphrase": "2004.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#1@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 466, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#2@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#2@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "just after the Nintendo DS ", "paraphrase": "Nintendo DS.", "answer_start": 544, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#3@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "just after the Nintendo DS ", "paraphrase": "Nintendo DS.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#3@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "while its 4.3 inch viewing screen ", "paraphrase": "4.3 inch.", "answer_start": 782, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#4@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "while its 4.3 inch viewing screen ", "paraphrase": "4.3 inch.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#4@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 853, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#5@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#5@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " its video player ", "paraphrase": "Video player.", "answer_start": 853, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#6@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " its video player ", "paraphrase": "Video player.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#6@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner, ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 853, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#7@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner, ", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#7@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner,", "paraphrase": "TV tuner.", "answer_start": 853, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#8@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " its video player and TV tuner,", "paraphrase": "TV tuner.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#8@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "use an optical disc format,", "paraphrase": "Optical.", "answer_start": 1082, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#9@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "use an optical disc format,", "paraphrase": "Optical.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#9@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. ", "paraphrase": "UMD.", "answer_start": 1109, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#10@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. ", "paraphrase": "UMD.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#10@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Universal Media Disc (UMD)", "paraphrase": "Universal Media Disc.", "answer_start": 1109, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#11@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " Universal Media Disc (UMD)", "paraphrase": "Universal Media Disc.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#11@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development", "paraphrase": "Sony.", "answer_start": 66, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#12@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development", "paraphrase": "Sony.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#12@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "PSP Go, came in 2009,", "paraphrase": "2009.", "answer_start": 1414, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#13@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "PSP Go, came in 2009,", "paraphrase": "2009.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#13@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide.", "paraphrase": "February 2012.", "answer_start": 1530, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#14@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide.", "paraphrase": "February 2012.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#14@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "he PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 1605, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#15@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "he PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#15@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 1643, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#16@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#16@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, ", "paraphrase": "PlayStation Network,", "answer_start": 1688, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#17@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, ", "paraphrase": "PlayStation Network,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#17@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store.", "paraphrase": "PlayStation Store.", "answer_start": 1679, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#18@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store.", "paraphrase": "PlayStation Store.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#18@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 1860, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#19@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#19@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide,", "paraphrase": "March 31, 2016.", "answer_start": 1860, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#20@pos", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide,", "paraphrase": "March 31, 2016.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#20@neg", "qid": "39ghhavomfrl6glp3trrjyar1iy4jd_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz", "paraphrase": "Shiraz", "answer_start": 1174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#1@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz", "paraphrase": "Shiraz", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#1@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "a city in Persia", "paraphrase": "Persia", "answer_start": 1238, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#2@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "a city in Persia", "paraphrase": "Persia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#2@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Syrah red wine", "paraphrase": "red", "answer_start": 1200, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#5@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Syrah red wine", "paraphrase": "red", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#5@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "\"White\" grapes are actually green in color", "paraphrase": "green", "answer_start": 134, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#6@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "\"White\" grapes are actually green in color", "paraphrase": "green", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#6@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "derived from the purple grape", "paraphrase": "from the purple grape", "answer_start": 201, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#7@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "derived from the purple grape", "paraphrase": "from the purple grape", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#7@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300", "paraphrase": "Grapes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#8@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300", "paraphrase": "Grapes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#8@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "clusters of 15 to 300", "paraphrase": "15 to 300", "answer_start": 40, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#9@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "clusters of 15 to 300", "paraphrase": "15 to 300", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#9@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid", "paraphrase": "ellipsoid", "answer_start": 530, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#10@pos", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid", "paraphrase": "ellipsoid", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#10@neg", "qid": "3rrcefrb7mcfoxndf1ealaret2ub4i_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "reat Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#1@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "reat Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#1@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north", "paraphrase": "a large island", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#2@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north", "paraphrase": "a large island", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#2@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "s a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. ", "paraphrase": "in the north Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 39, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#3@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "s a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. ", "paraphrase": "in the north Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#3@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain", "paraphrase": "Great Britain", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#4@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain", "paraphrase": "Great Britain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#4@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain, also known as Britain", "paraphrase": "Britain", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#5@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain, also known as Britain", "paraphrase": "Britain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#5@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#6@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#6@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "and the ninth-largest island in the world. ", "paraphrase": "9th", "answer_start": 229, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#7@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "and the ninth-largest island in the world. ", "paraphrase": "9th", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#7@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "population of about 61\u00a0million people,", "paraphrase": "aboutt 61\u00a0million people,", "answer_start": 297, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#8@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "population of about 61\u00a0million people,", "paraphrase": "aboutt 61\u00a0million people,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#8@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#8"}
{"answer_text": ". In 2011 the", "paraphrase": ". In 2011", "answer_start": 270, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#9@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#9"}
{"answer_text": ". In 2011 the", "paraphrase": ". In 2011", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#9@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "rld's third-most populous island after Java", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 352, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#10@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "rld's third-most populous island after Java", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#10@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. ", "paraphrase": "Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan.", "answer_start": 357, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#11@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. ", "paraphrase": "Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#11@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707", "paraphrase": "1707", "answer_start": 1077, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#12@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707", "paraphrase": "1707", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#12@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. ", "paraphrase": "1707 Acts of Union.", "answer_start": 1077, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#13@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. ", "paraphrase": "1707 Acts of Union.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#13@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union", "paraphrase": "Kingdom of Englandand the Kingdom of Scotland", "answer_start": 1078, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#14@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union", "paraphrase": "Kingdom of Englandand the Kingdom of Scotland", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#14@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots", "paraphrase": "King Jame", "answer_start": 1293, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#15@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots", "paraphrase": "King Jame", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#15@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots,", "paraphrase": "16003", "answer_start": 1326, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#16@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots,", "paraphrase": "16003", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#16@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "\"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "paraphrase": "1922", "answer_start": 1650, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#17@pos", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "\"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "paraphrase": "1922", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#17@neg", "qid": "3180jw2ot4c32zpphya1oqg51ewj50_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "England", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#1@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "England", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#1@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "Greenwich", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#2@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "Greenwich", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#2@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "London", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#3@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England", "paraphrase": "London", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#3@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century", "paraphrase": "18th century", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#4@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century", "paraphrase": "18th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#4@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#5@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#5@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle", "paraphrase": "Vanbrugh Castle", "answer_start": 1029, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#6@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle", "paraphrase": "Vanbrugh Castle", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#6@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717)", "paraphrase": "1717", "answer_start": 1130, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#7@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717)", "paraphrase": "1717", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#7@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill", "paraphrase": "Maze Hill", "answer_start": 1130, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#8@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill", "paraphrase": "Maze Hill", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#8@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park.", "paraphrase": "next to the park", "answer_start": 1130, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#9@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park.", "paraphrase": "next to the park", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#9@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " The town became the site of a royal palace", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 321, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#10@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " The town became the site of a royal palace", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#10@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the birthplace of many Tudors", "paraphrase": "many", "answer_start": 421, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#11@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the birthplace of many Tudors", "paraphrase": "many", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#11@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 413, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#12@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#12@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I", "paraphrase": "Henry VIII and Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 420, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#13@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I", "paraphrase": "Henry VIII and Elizabeth I", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#13@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "the Palace of Placentia from the 15th", "paraphrase": "Palace of Placentia", "answer_start": 366, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#14@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "the Palace of Placentia from the 15th", "paraphrase": "Palace of Placentia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#14@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 342, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#15@pos", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#15@neg", "qid": "3aqf3rz558ijg1373rtl1y2d42of67_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals.", "paraphrase": "Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts.", "answer_start": 416, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#1@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals.", "paraphrase": "Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#1@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Aurora, Colorado ", "paraphrase": "Aurora, Colorado. Aurora, Colorado", "answer_start": 18, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#2@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Aurora, Colorado ", "paraphrase": "Aurora, Colorado. Aurora, Colorado", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#2@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "attended boarding school", "paraphrase": "attended boarding school. No.", "answer_start": 39, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#3@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "attended boarding school", "paraphrase": "attended boarding school. No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#3@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Yale University", "paraphrase": "Yale University. Yale University.", "answer_start": 118, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#4@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Yale University", "paraphrase": "Yale University. Yale University.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#4@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "political science", "paraphrase": "political science. Political Science.", "answer_start": 155, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#5@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "political science", "paraphrase": "political science. Political Science.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#5@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "South Vietnam", "paraphrase": "South Vietnam. The Vietnam War.", "answer_start": 295, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#6@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "South Vietnam", "paraphrase": "South Vietnam. The Vietnam War.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#6@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#6"}
{"answer_text": ".D. from Boston College Law School,", "paraphrase": ".D. from Boston College Law School. Yes.", "answer_start": 892, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#7@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#7"}
{"answer_text": ".D. from Boston College Law School,", "paraphrase": ".D. from Boston College Law School. Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.). \n\nConflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#7@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " J.D. ", "paraphrase": "J.D. . J.D.", "answer_start": 890, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#8@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " J.D. ", "paraphrase": "J.D. . J.D.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#8@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Senate Foreign Relations Committee", "paraphrase": "Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.", "answer_start": 1173, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#9@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Senate Foreign Relations Committee", "paraphrase": "Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#9@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "2008", "paraphrase": "2008. In 2008.", "answer_start": 1370, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#10@pos", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "2008", "paraphrase": "2008. In 2008.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#10@neg", "qid": "32m8bpygatm5nlu3gc8sgmsudwagi3_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " the Louvre Museum ", "paraphrase": "The Louvre Museum", "answer_start": 16, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#1@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " the Louvre Museum ", "paraphrase": "The Louvre Museum", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#1@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum ", "paraphrase": "The Louvre.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#2@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum ", "paraphrase": "The Louvre.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#2@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " an historic monument in Paris, France.", "paraphrase": "Paris.", "answer_start": 72, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#3@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " an historic monument in Paris, France.", "paraphrase": "Paris.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#3@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward).", "paraphrase": "On the Right Bank of the Seine.", "answer_start": 144, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#4@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward).", "paraphrase": "On the Right Bank of the Seine.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#4@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace", "paraphrase": "The Louvre Palace.", "answer_start": 475, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#5@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace", "paraphrase": "The Louvre Palace.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#5@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II.", "paraphrase": "12th\u00a0century.", "answer_start": 475, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#6@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II.", "paraphrase": "12th\u00a0century.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#6@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II.", "paraphrase": "Philip\u00a0II.", "answer_start": 529, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#7@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II.", "paraphrase": "Philip\u00a0II.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#7@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "originally built as a fortress ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 518, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#8@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "originally built as a fortress ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#8@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "originally built as a fortress ", "paraphrase": "A fortress .", "answer_start": 518, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#9@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "originally built as a fortress ", "paraphrase": "A fortress .", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#9@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "1546, was converted by Francis I i", "paraphrase": "Francis I.", "answer_start": 759, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#10@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "1546, was converted by Francis I i", "paraphrase": "Francis I.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#10@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings", "paraphrase": "Converted it into the main residence of the French Kings", "answer_start": 699, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#11@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings", "paraphrase": "Converted it into the main residence of the French Kings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#11@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "he building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 838, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#12@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "he building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#12@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre", "paraphrase": "Louis XIV.", "answer_start": 918, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#13@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre", "paraphrase": "Louis XIV.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#13@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682", "paraphrase": "1682", "answer_start": 837, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#14@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682", "paraphrase": "1682", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#14@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres", "paraphrase": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.", "answer_start": 1132, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#15@pos", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres", "paraphrase": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#15@neg", "qid": "3v5q80fxixr0io4dwuggacw4l5e23x_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "which includes festivals such as Oktoberfes", "paraphrase": "Oktoberfest", "answer_start": 1242, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#1@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "which includes festivals such as Oktoberfes", "paraphrase": "Oktoberfest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#1@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture,", "paraphrase": "Yes!", "answer_start": 1184, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#2@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture,", "paraphrase": "Yes!", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#2@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "avarians have traditionally been proud of their culture,", "paraphrase": "Their culture.", "answer_start": 1185, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#3@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "avarians have traditionally been proud of their culture,", "paraphrase": "Their culture.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#3@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#4@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany,", "paraphrase": "Yes.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#4@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 612, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#5@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. ", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#5@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "paraphrase": "Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire.", "answer_start": 813, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#6@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "paraphrase": "Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#6@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi)", "paraphrase": "27,200 sq mi", "answer_start": 123, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#7@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi)", "paraphrase": "27,200 sq mi", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#7@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants,", "paraphrase": "12.9\u00a0million", "answer_start": 308, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#8@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants,", "paraphrase": "12.9\u00a0million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#8@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "ria is a landlocked federal state of Germany", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 42, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#9@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "ria is a landlocked federal state of Germany", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#9@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.", "paraphrase": "Southeastern corner", "answer_start": 79, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#10@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.", "paraphrase": "Southeastern corner", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#10@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. ", "paraphrase": "year 555.", "answer_start": 735, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#11@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. ", "paraphrase": "year 555.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#11@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918", "paraphrase": "1806", "answer_start": 883, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#12@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918", "paraphrase": "1806", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#12@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia).", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#13@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia).", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#13@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "after North Rhine-Westphalia)", "paraphrase": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "answer_start": 383, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#14@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "after North Rhine-Westphalia)", "paraphrase": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#14@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) ", "paraphrase": "Catholicism", "answer_start": 1100, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#15@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) ", "paraphrase": "Catholicism", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#15@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, i", "paraphrase": "Munich", "answer_start": 413, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#16@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, i", "paraphrase": "Munich", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#16@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1320, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#17@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#17@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The state also has the second largest economy among the", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": 1321, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#18@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The state also has the second largest economy among the", "paraphrase": "No.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#18@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The state also has the second largest economy among the", "paraphrase": "The 2nd.", "answer_start": 1321, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#19@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "The state also has the second largest economy among the", "paraphrase": "The 2nd.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#19@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " after the Second World War. ", "paraphrase": "WW2", "answer_start": 1039, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#20@pos", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " after the Second World War. ", "paraphrase": "WW2", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#20@neg", "qid": "3fprzhyepy79ff2fk40rchtfi2vv3k_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " four ", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": 377, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#1@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " four ", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#1@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "By the end of the nineteenth century", "paraphrase": "By the end of the nineteenth century", "answer_start": 326, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#2@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "By the end of the nineteenth century", "paraphrase": "By the end of the nineteenth century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#2@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "1981", "paraphrase": "1981", "answer_start": 1665, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#3@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "1981", "paraphrase": "1981", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#3@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1476, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#4@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#4@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "merger", "paraphrase": "merger", "answer_start": 2039, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#5@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "merger", "paraphrase": "merger", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#5@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Liberal", "paraphrase": "Liberal", "answer_start": 2076, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#6@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Liberal", "paraphrase": "Liberal", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#6@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "H. H. Asquith", "paraphrase": "H. H. Asquith", "answer_start": 611, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#7@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "H. H. Asquith", "paraphrase": "H. H. Asquith", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#7@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "David Lloyd George", "paraphrase": "David Lloyd George", "answer_start": 687, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#8@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "David Lloyd George", "paraphrase": "David Lloyd George", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 12.9\u00a0million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia). Bavaria's capital and largest city, Munich, is the third largest city in Germany. \n\nThe history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and formation as a duchy in the 6th century CE (AD) through the Holy Roman Empire to becoming an independent kingdom and finally a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. \n\nThe Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE (AD), the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War. \n\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's Catholic majority (52%) and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#8@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Lloyd George", "paraphrase": "Lloyd George", "answer_start": 778, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#9@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Lloyd George", "paraphrase": "Lloyd George", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#9@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "1916", "paraphrase": "1916 - 22", "answer_start": 936, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#10@pos", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "1916", "paraphrase": "1916 - 22", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#10@neg", "qid": "3wminlgalb3d0rv022kw9xjw35bca2_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "decimal system ", "paraphrase": "decimal system", "answer_start": 65, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#1@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "decimal system ", "paraphrase": "decimal system", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#1@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " eagle or ten dollars", "paraphrase": "ten dollars", "answer_start": 301, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#2@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " eagle or ten dollars", "paraphrase": "ten dollars", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#2@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar", "paraphrase": "cents", "answer_start": 564, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#3@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar", "paraphrase": "cents", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#3@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " discontinued in the 1930s", "paraphrase": "1930s", "answer_start": 1575, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#4@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " discontinued in the 1930s", "paraphrase": "1930s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#4@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies", "paraphrase": "tax levies", "answer_start": 769, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#5@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies", "paraphrase": "tax levies", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#5@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and", "paraphrase": "James Guthrie in 1854", "answer_start": 1888, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#7@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and", "paraphrase": "James Guthrie in 1854", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#7@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2", "paraphrase": "10\u00a2", "answer_start": 633, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#8@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2", "paraphrase": "10\u00a2", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#8@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " known as \"fractional currency", "paraphrase": "fractional currency", "answer_start": 1792, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#9@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " known as \"fractional currency", "paraphrase": "fractional currency", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#9@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 480, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#10@pos", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#10@neg", "qid": "34qn5it0tzrfnb75to7yi5b04ln08o_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "with around 800,000 inhabitants", "paraphrase": "around 800,000", "answer_start": 203, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#1@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "with around 800,000 inhabitants", "paraphrase": "around 800,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#1@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "beyond the administrative city limits", "paraphrase": "beyond the administrative city limits", "answer_start": 288, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#2@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "beyond the administrative city limits", "paraphrase": "beyond the administrative city limits", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#2@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "around 1.5 million people", "paraphrase": "around 1.5 million people", "answer_start": 347, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#3@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "around 1.5 million people", "paraphrase": "around 1.5 million people", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#3@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 511, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#4@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#4@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the 5th busiest container port in Europe", "paraphrase": "the 5th busiest in Europe", "answer_start": 535, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#5@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the 5th busiest container port in Europe", "paraphrase": "the 5th busiest in Europe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#5@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " the Mediterranean Sea", "paraphrase": "the Mediterranean Sea", "answer_start": 609, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#6@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " the Mediterranean Sea", "paraphrase": "the Mediterranean Sea", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#6@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 635, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#7@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#7@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "by tourism and the construction industry", "paraphrase": "tourism and the construction industry", "answer_start": 716, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#8@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "by tourism and the construction industry", "paraphrase": "tourism and the construction industry", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#8@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations", "paraphrase": "service occupations", "answer_start": 903, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#9@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations", "paraphrase": "service occupations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#9@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector.", "paraphrase": "industrial with 5.5%", "answer_start": 1041, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#10@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector.", "paraphrase": "industrial with 5.5%", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#10@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "paraphrase": "yes, a little", "answer_start": 1111, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#11@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "paraphrase": "yes, a little", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#11@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "orchards and citrus groves", "paraphrase": "orchards and citrus groves", "answer_start": 1297, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#12@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "orchards and citrus groves", "paraphrase": "orchards and citrus groves", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#12@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "1.9% of the working population", "paraphrase": "1.9% of the working population", "answer_start": 1230, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#13@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "1.9% of the working population", "paraphrase": "1.9% of the working population", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#13@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "development and expansion of telecommunications and transport", "paraphrase": "developing and expanding telecommunications and transport", "answer_start": 791, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#14@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "development and expansion of telecommunications and transport", "paraphrase": "developing and expanding telecommunications and transport", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#14@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain ", "paraphrase": "third largest city", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#15@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain ", "paraphrase": "third largest city", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#15@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million", "paraphrase": "ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million", "answer_start": 445, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#16@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million", "paraphrase": "ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#16@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "global city status", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 491, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#17@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "global city status", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#17@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "global city status", "paraphrase": "global city status", "answer_start": 491, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#18@pos", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "global city status", "paraphrase": "global city status", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#18@neg", "qid": "3md9plukkiexs30z3k99614hbmdnzx_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock", "paraphrase": "Adobe", "answer_start": 515, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#1@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock", "paraphrase": "Adobe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#1@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "John Warnock and Charles Geschke", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 553, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#2@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "John Warnock and Charles Geschke", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#2@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Geschke", "paraphrase": "Charles Geschke", "answer_start": 570, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#3@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Geschke", "paraphrase": "Charles Geschke", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#3@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 587, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#4@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#4@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language", "paraphrase": "They developed and sold a programming language.", "answer_start": 587, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#5@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language", "paraphrase": "They developed and sold a programming language.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#5@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " American multinational computer software company", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 32, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#6@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " American multinational computer software company", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#6@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#7@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#7@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "about 40% of whom work in San Jose", "paraphrase": "San Jose", "answer_start": 902, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#8@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "about 40% of whom work in San Jose", "paraphrase": "San Jose", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#8@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 937, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#9@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#9@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "ewton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington", "paraphrase": "Massachusetts, New York, Minnesota, Utah, Washington", "answer_start": 986, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#10@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "ewton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington", "paraphrase": "Massachusetts, New York, Minnesota, Utah, Washington", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#10@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "15,000 employees", "paraphrase": "15,000", "answer_start": 874, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#11@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "15,000 employees", "paraphrase": "15,000", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#11@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "It is best known for Photoshop", "paraphrase": "Photoshop", "answer_start": 330, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#12@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "It is best known for Photoshop", "paraphrase": "Photoshop", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#12@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application", "paraphrase": "Multimedia and creativity software products, rich Internet applications", "answer_start": 192, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#13@pos", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application", "paraphrase": "Multimedia and creativity software products, rich Internet applications", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#13@neg", "qid": "373erpl3yo8mlpjsqz18tx8arzfrtw_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "paraphrase": "Sarajevo", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#1@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "paraphrase": "Sarajevo", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#1@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "with a population of 275,524 i", "paraphrase": "275,524", "answer_start": 68, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#2@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "with a population of 275,524 i", "paraphrase": "275,524", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#2@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe", "paraphrase": "Jerusalem of Europe", "answer_start": 713, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#3@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe", "paraphrase": "Jerusalem of Europe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#3@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans", "paraphrase": "Jerusalem of the Balkans", "answer_start": 713, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#4@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans", "paraphrase": "Jerusalem of the Balkans", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#4@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century", "paraphrase": "15th century", "answer_start": 1230, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#5@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century", "paraphrase": "15th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#5@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley", "paraphrase": "the greater Sarajevo valley", "answer_start": 243, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#6@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley", "paraphrase": "the greater Sarajevo valley", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#6@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alp", "paraphrase": "Dinaric Alps", "answer_start": 296, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#7@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alp", "paraphrase": "Dinaric Alps", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#7@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. ", "paraphrase": "Southeastern", "answer_start": 372, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#8@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. ", "paraphrase": "Southeastern", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#8@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram ", "paraphrase": "to have a full-time electric tram", "answer_start": 1438, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#9@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram ", "paraphrase": "to have a full-time electric tram", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#9@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco", "paraphrase": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 1472, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#10@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco", "paraphrase": "San Francisco", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#10@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ", "paraphrase": "Archduke Franz Ferdinand", "answer_start": 1555, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#11@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ", "paraphrase": "Archduke Franz Ferdinand", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#11@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "t was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria", "paraphrase": "Austria", "answer_start": 1566, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#12@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "t was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria", "paraphrase": "Austria", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#12@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "that sparked World War I,", "paraphrase": "World War I,", "answer_start": 1641, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#13@pos", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "that sparked World War I,", "paraphrase": "World War I,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#13@neg", "qid": "333u7hk6i9fy6c4iw4skm24xevrjd5_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n", "paraphrase": "Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata and the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\".", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#1@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n", "paraphrase": "Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata and the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\".", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#1@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known", "paraphrase": "\"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\"", "answer_start": 1207, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#2@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known", "paraphrase": "\"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#2@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#2"}
{"answer_text": ". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible,", "paraphrase": ". W. J. Johnson", "answer_start": 1635, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#3@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible,", "paraphrase": ". W. J. Johnson", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#3@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "\"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1097, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#4@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "\"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#4@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n", "paraphrase": "a work in its own right.", "answer_start": 506, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#5@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n", "paraphrase": "a work in its own right.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#5@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\".", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1008, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#6@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\".", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#6@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE,", "paraphrase": "around 400\u00a0BCE", "answer_start": 743, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#7@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE,", "paraphrase": "around 400\u00a0BCE", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#7@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1637, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#8@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#8@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1636, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#9@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#9@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1636, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#10@pos", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#10@neg", "qid": "3c44yunsi1pusn7grhx4jyq9nsypd8_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "1978", "answer_start": 707, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#1@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "1978", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#1@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "Robert L. Bernstein", "answer_start": 707, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#2@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "Robert L. Bernstein", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#2@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch", "paraphrase": "Helsinki Watch", "answer_start": 707, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#3@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch", "paraphrase": "Helsinki Watch", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#3@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords.", "paraphrase": "h the Helsinki Accords.", "answer_start": 706, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#4@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords.", "paraphrase": "h the Helsinki Accords.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#4@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "a privat NGO", "answer_start": 707, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#5@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978,", "paraphrase": "a privat NGO", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. \n\nThere are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices. \n\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#5@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. ", "paraphrase": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 1060, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#7@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. ", "paraphrase": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#7@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. ", "paraphrase": "human rights violations", "answer_start": 1060, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#8@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. ", "paraphrase": "human rights violations", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#8@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.", "paraphrase": "New York City", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#9@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.", "paraphrase": "New York City", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#9@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 193, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#10@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Autonomous okrug (), occasionally also referred to as \"autonomous district\", \"autonomous area\", and \"autonomous region\", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs. \n\nOriginally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term \"national okrugs\" to \"autonomous okrugs\" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before. \n\nIn 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#10@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n", "paraphrase": "18", "answer_start": 147, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#11@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n", "paraphrase": "18", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#11@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 146, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#12@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. ", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#12@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ", "paraphrase": "advocacy", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#13@pos", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ", "paraphrase": "advocacy", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#13@neg", "qid": "3k5tewlkgvbo5iky577egnv41lqvik_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings)", "paraphrase": "8 strings", "answer_start": 177, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#1@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings)", "paraphrase": "8 strings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. \n\nInternet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. \n\nThe Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. \n\nIn 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. \n\nOn 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#1@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "paraphrase": "in a succession of perfect fifths", "answer_start": 336, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#2@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "paraphrase": "in a succession of perfect fifths", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. \n\nThe first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges and the College of Arts and Sciences. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#2@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 176, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#3@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#3@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. ", "paraphrase": "10 strings and 12 strings", "answer_start": 176, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#4@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. ", "paraphrase": "10 strings and 12 strings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#4@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 511, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#5@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#5@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, ", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": 511, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#6@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, ", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#6@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin,", "paraphrase": "the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin", "answer_start": 511, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#7@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin,", "paraphrase": "the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#7@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Each style of instrument has its own sound quality ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1000, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#8@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Each style of instrument has its own sound quality ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#8@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. ", "paraphrase": "Irish, British and Brazilian folk music", "answer_start": 1193, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#9@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. ", "paraphrase": "Irish, British and Brazilian folk music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#9@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music.", "paraphrase": "European classical music and traditional music", "answer_start": 1101, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#10@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music.", "paraphrase": "European classical music and traditional music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#10@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. ", "paraphrase": "American folk music and bluegrass music", "answer_start": 1193, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#11@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. ", "paraphrase": "American folk music and bluegrass music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#11@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]", "paraphrase": "mandolino", "answer_start": 12, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#12@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]", "paraphrase": "mandolino", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#12@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " literally \"small mandola\"", "paraphrase": "small mandola", "answer_start": 56, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#13@pos", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " literally \"small mandola\"", "paraphrase": "small mandola", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#13@neg", "qid": "3os4rqucr9fpmdk2ziatceo5isufb1_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings", "paraphrase": "the Brown Stockings", "answer_start": 268, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#1@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings", "paraphrase": "the Brown Stockings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#1@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900", "paraphrase": "1900", "answer_start": 679, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#2@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900", "paraphrase": "1900", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#2@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings", "paraphrase": "Chris von der Ahe", "answer_start": 268, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#3@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings", "paraphrase": "Chris von der Ahe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#3@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881", "paraphrase": "1881", "answer_start": 356, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#4@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881", "paraphrase": "1881", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#4@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri", "paraphrase": "Missouri", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#5@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri", "paraphrase": "Missouri", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified \"mob football\", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. \n\nThe goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#5@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "baseball team based in St. Louis", "paraphrase": "St. Louis", "answer_start": 53, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#6@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "baseball team based in St. Louis", "paraphrase": "St. Louis", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#6@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "paraphrase": "the Cubs", "answer_start": 1293, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#7@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "paraphrase": "the Cubs", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#7@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1091, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#8@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#8@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " both times against Chicago", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": 1236, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#9@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " both times against Chicago", "paraphrase": "two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#9@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 97, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#10@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#10@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League", "paraphrase": "the National League", "answer_start": 97, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#11@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League", "paraphrase": "the National League", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#11@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " a member club of the National League (NL) Central division", "paraphrase": "the Central division", "answer_start": 152, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#12@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " a member club of the National League (NL) Central division", "paraphrase": "the Central division", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#12@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago", "paraphrase": "1885 and 1886,", "answer_start": 1193, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#13@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago", "paraphrase": "1885 and 1886,", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#13@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1193, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#14@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#14@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886", "paraphrase": "once", "answer_start": 1192, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#15@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886", "paraphrase": "once", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#15@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships", "paraphrase": "11", "answer_start": 795, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#16@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships", "paraphrase": "11", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#16@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "the second-most in Major League Baseball", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 849, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#17@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "the second-most in Major League Baseball", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#17@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " the second-most in Major League Baseball ", "paraphrase": "second", "answer_start": 848, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#18@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " the second-most in Major League Baseball ", "paraphrase": "second", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#18@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " Busch Stadium has been their home", "paraphrase": "Busch Stadium", "answer_start": 212, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#19@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " Busch Stadium has been their home", "paraphrase": "Busch Stadium", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#19@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#19"}
{"answer_text": ". Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006.", "paraphrase": "2006.", "answer_start": 211, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#20@pos", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#20"}
{"answer_text": ". Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006.", "paraphrase": "2006.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#20@neg", "qid": "3f0bg9b9mpn8ksy7rrq1wx9p5mt7ym_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Alsace", "paraphrase": "Alsace", "answer_start": 1213, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#1@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Alsace", "paraphrase": "Alsace", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#1@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "decline of the Roman Empire", "paraphrase": "decline of the Roman Empire", "answer_start": 718, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#2@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "decline of the Roman Empire", "paraphrase": "decline of the Roman Empire", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#2@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the 19th and 20th centuries", "paraphrase": "the 19th and 20th centuries", "answer_start": 577, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#3@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "the 19th and 20th centuries", "paraphrase": "the 19th and 20th centuries", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#3@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798.", "paraphrase": "Mulhouse became a part of Alsace", "answer_start": 180, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#4@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798.", "paraphrase": "Mulhouse became a part of Alsace", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#4@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "a vote by its citizens", "paraphrase": "a vote by its citizens", "answer_start": 294, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#5@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "a vote by its citizens", "paraphrase": "a vote by its citizens", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#5@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 605, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#6@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#6@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "France and Germany", "paraphrase": "France and Germany", "answer_start": 606, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#7@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "France and Germany", "paraphrase": "France and Germany", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#7@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "four", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": 683, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#8@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "four", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#8@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 606, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#9@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#9@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "agricultural", "paraphrase": "agricultural", "answer_start": 819, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#10@pos", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "agricultural", "paraphrase": "agricultural", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#10@neg", "qid": "3907x2ahf057pd90usdnnfz5qs82pt_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia", "paraphrase": "an English encyclopedia", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#1@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia", "paraphrase": "an English encyclopedia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#1@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 ", "paraphrase": "between 1901 and 1906", "answer_start": 172, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#2@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 ", "paraphrase": "between 1901 and 1906", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#2@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls", "paraphrase": "Funk and Wagnalls", "answer_start": 172, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#3@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls", "paraphrase": "Funk and Wagnalls", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#3@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ": the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\"", "paraphrase": "\"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\"", "answer_start": 374, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#4@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": ": the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\"", "paraphrase": "\"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#4@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.", "paraphrase": "Isaac K. Funk", "answer_start": 811, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#5@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.", "paraphrase": "Isaac K. Funk", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30\u201340 mm (1.2\u20131.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. \n\nThe word \"mammal\" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma (\"teat, pap\"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#5@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " and Frank H. Vizetelly", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 859, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#6@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " and Frank H. Vizetelly", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#6@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" ", "paraphrase": "that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\"", "answer_start": 483, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#7@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" ", "paraphrase": "that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#7@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII", "paraphrase": "William Popper", "answer_start": 1373, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#8@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII", "paraphrase": "William Popper", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#8@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; ", "paraphrase": "Frederick de Sola Mendes", "answer_start": 1091, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#9@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; ", "paraphrase": "Frederick de Sola Mendes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. \n\nPolynesian people most likely settled on Easter Island sometime between 700 and 1100 CE, and created a thriving and industrious culture as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artefacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources which severely weakened the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000\u20133,000 from an estimated high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. European diseases and Peruvian slave raiding in the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to a low of only 111 inhabitants in 1877. \n\nEaster Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#9@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 674, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#10@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#10@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singe", "paraphrase": "Isidore Singer", "answer_start": 760, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#11@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singe", "paraphrase": "Isidore Singer", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#11@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "reprinted in the 1960s ", "paraphrase": "in the 1960s", "answer_start": 278, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#12@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "reprinted in the 1960s ", "paraphrase": "in the 1960s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#12@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House.", "paraphrase": "KTAV Publishing House.", "answer_start": 277, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#13@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House.", "paraphrase": "KTAV Publishing House.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#13@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 674, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#14@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. ", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#14@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII", "paraphrase": "volumes IV through XII", "answer_start": 1279, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#15@pos", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII", "paraphrase": "volumes IV through XII", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#15@neg", "qid": "3ph3vy7djlxnfx9dvl0w2kh847czwd_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster", "paraphrase": "author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster", "answer_start": 772, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#1@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Charles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster", "paraphrase": "author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#1@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress", "paraphrase": "Dictionary of Congress", "answer_start": 848, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#2@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress", "paraphrase": "Dictionary of Congress", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#2@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859", "paraphrase": "1859", "answer_start": 944, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#3@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859", "paraphrase": "1859", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#3@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "In 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version", "paraphrase": "In 1864", "answer_start": 1197, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#4@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "In 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version", "paraphrase": "In 1864", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#4@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\"", "paraphrase": "Benjamin Perley Poore", "answer_start": 1425, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#5@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\"", "paraphrase": "Benjamin Perley Poore", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#5@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859", "paraphrase": "J. B. Lippincott & Co.", "answer_start": 969, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#6@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859", "paraphrase": "J. B. Lippincott & Co.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#6@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress.", "paraphrase": "dictionary of Congress members", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#7@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress.", "paraphrase": "dictionary of Congress members", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#7@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Also included are Delegates from territories", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 197, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#8@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Also included are Delegates from territories", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#8@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. ", "paraphrase": "Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico.", "answer_start": 275, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#10@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. ", "paraphrase": "Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#10@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The online edition", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#11@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The online edition", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#11@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 404, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#12@pos", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. \n\nIn many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as \"Mondo Times\", but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves. \n\nIn many developed countries, newspaper circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. \n\nThe World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily. In 2005, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 million, followed by Japan, with 70.4 million; the United States, with 48.3 million; and Germany, with 22.1 million. Around 75 of the 100 best selling newspapers are in Asia and seven out of top ten are Japanese newspapers.", "pid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#12@neg", "qid": "31jlpphs2uuepvtijsedhpz7mav3op_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project", "paraphrase": "a wiki-based online project", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#1@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project", "paraphrase": "a wiki-based online project", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#1@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September 2004", "paraphrase": "2004", "answer_start": 465, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#2@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September 2004", "paraphrase": "2004", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#2@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September ", "paraphrase": "September", "answer_start": 465, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#3@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September ", "paraphrase": "September", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#3@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#3"}
{"answer_text": ", with biologists across the world invited to contribute", "paraphrase": "biologists", "answer_start": 490, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#4@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#4"}
{"answer_text": ", with biologists across the world invited to contribute", "paraphrase": "biologists", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#4@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation", "paraphrase": "Wikimedia Foundation", "answer_start": 28, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#5@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation", "paraphrase": "Wikimedia Foundation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The German Empire (, officially ') was the German nation state that existed from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. \n\nIt was founded in 1871 when Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty was proclaimed the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Berlin became its capital with the Berlin Palace being the Emperor's official residence. Its constitution entered into force, and Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War. The state was founded with a notable exclusion of Austria and, as such, represented the Lesser German solution (\"Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung\"). \n\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families. This included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of several kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory, thus remaining a powerhouse with a major say in imperial affairs. Its influence also helped define modern German culture.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#5@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species;", "paraphrase": "to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species;", "answer_start": 86, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#6@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species;", "paraphrase": "to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species;", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#6@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "the project is directed at scientists", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 158, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#7@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the project is directed at scientists", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#7@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0", "paraphrase": "GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0", "answer_start": 391, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#8@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0", "paraphrase": "GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#8@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September 2004", "paraphrase": "2004", "answer_start": 465, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#9@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Started in September 2004", "paraphrase": "2004", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#9@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " 4 to 0", "paraphrase": "Four", "answer_start": 1146, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#10@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " 4 to 0", "paraphrase": "Four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#10@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "hosted at species.wikimedia.org", "paraphrase": "species.wikimedia.org", "answer_start": 1249, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#11@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "hosted at species.wikimedia.org", "paraphrase": "species.wikimedia.org", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#11@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004", "paraphrase": "September 14, 2004", "answer_start": 1282, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#12@pos", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004", "paraphrase": "September 14, 2004", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#12@neg", "qid": "3r8yzbnq9hizbq7l0h97jb6n6c97qe_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries", "paraphrase": "Stockholm", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#1@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries", "paraphrase": "Stockholm", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#1@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality", "paraphrase": "942,370", "answer_start": 87, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#2@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality", "paraphrase": "942,370", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#2@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area", "paraphrase": "About 1.5 million", "answer_start": 87, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#3@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area", "paraphrase": "About 1.5 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#3@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area", "paraphrase": "2.3 million", "answer_start": 87, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#4@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area", "paraphrase": "2.3 million", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#4@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "1252", "answer_start": 473, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#5@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "1252", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#5@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC", "paraphrase": "The Stone Age", "answer_start": 395, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#6@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC", "paraphrase": "The Stone Age", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#6@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "Birger Jarl", "answer_start": 473, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#7@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "Birger Jarl", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#7@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 473, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#8@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 3.0. \n\nStarted in September 2004, with biologists across the world invited to contribute, the project had grown a framework encompassing the Linnaean taxonomy with links to Wikipedia articles on individual species by April 2005. \n\nco-ordinated the efforts of several people who are interested in getting involved with the project and contacted potential supporters in early summer 2004. Databases were evaluated and the administrators contacted, some of them have agreed on providing their data for Wikispecies. Mandl defined two major tasks: \n\nAdvantages and disadvantages were widely discussed by the wikimedia-I mailing list. The board of directors of the Wikimedia Foundation voted by 4 to 0 in favor of the establishment of a Wikispecies. The project was launched in August 2004 and is hosted at species.wikimedia.org. It was officially merged to a sister project of Wikimedia Foundation on September 14, 2004.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#8@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " It is also the capital of Stockholm County", "paraphrase": "Stockholm County", "answer_start": 536, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#9@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " It is also the capital of Stockholm County", "paraphrase": "Stockholm County", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#9@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities", "paraphrase": "Universities", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#10@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities", "paraphrase": "Universities", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. \n\nThe cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000\u20138,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#10@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#11@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Three", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#11@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).", "paraphrase": "The Stockholm School of Economics", "answer_start": 895, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#12@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).", "paraphrase": "The Stockholm School of Economics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#12@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Karolinska Institute", "answer_start": 896, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#13@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Karolinska Institute", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#13@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "answer_start": 895, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#14@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "paraphrase": "Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#14@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950", "paraphrase": "The Stockholm metro", "answer_start": 1281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#15@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950", "paraphrase": "The Stockholm metro", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#15@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world", "paraphrase": "Art gallery", "answer_start": 1281, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#16@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world", "paraphrase": "Art gallery", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#16@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies", "paraphrase": "Nobel", "answer_start": 1064, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#17@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies", "paraphrase": "Nobel", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#17@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics", "paraphrase": "Summer Olympics", "answer_start": 1585, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#18@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics", "paraphrase": "Summer Olympics", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968\u20131969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. \n\nAfter receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein\", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#18@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 583, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#19@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#19@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum", "paraphrase": "The Vasa Museum", "answer_start": 1174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#20@pos", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum", "paraphrase": "The Vasa Museum", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#20@neg", "qid": "3tk8ojtym1lgm472i2xypkwgn15vpk_q#20"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\"", "paraphrase": "\"Yellowhammer State\"", "answer_start": 371, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#1@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\"", "paraphrase": "\"Yellowhammer State\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#1@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird", "paraphrase": "the state bird", "answer_start": 371, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#2@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird", "paraphrase": "the state bird", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#2@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\"", "paraphrase": "\"Heart of Dixie\"", "answer_start": 440, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#3@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\"", "paraphrase": "\"Heart of Dixie\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#3@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\"", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 440, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#4@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\"", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#4@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States", "paraphrase": "southeastern region", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#5@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States", "paraphrase": "southeastern region", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#5@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "It is bordered by Tennessee to the north,", "paraphrase": "Tennessee", "answer_start": 71, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#6@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "It is bordered by Tennessee to the north,", "paraphrase": "Tennessee", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#6@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 89, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#7@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#7@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Georgia to the east", "paraphrase": "to the east", "answer_start": 113, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#8@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Georgia to the east", "paraphrase": "to the east", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. \n\nGreenland is the world's largest island (Australia, although larger, is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island). Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated country in the world. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. \n\nGreenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th\u00a0century. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#8@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama's capital is Montgomery", "paraphrase": "Montgomery", "answer_start": 585, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#9@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama's capital is Montgomery", "paraphrase": "Montgomery", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#9@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 584, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#10@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. ", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#10@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The largest city by population is Birmingham", "paraphrase": "Birmingham", "answer_start": 618, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#11@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The largest city by population is Birmingham", "paraphrase": "Birmingham", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#11@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "The oldest city is Mobile", "paraphrase": "Mobile", "answer_start": 759, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#12@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The oldest city is Mobile", "paraphrase": "Mobile", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#12@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "The state tree is the longleaf pine", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 510, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#13@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The state tree is the longleaf pine", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#13@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The state tree is the longleaf pine", "paraphrase": "longleaf pine", "answer_start": 510, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#14@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The state tree is the longleaf pine", "paraphrase": "longleaf pine", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#14@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "and the state flower is the camellia", "paraphrase": "camellia", "answer_start": 547, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#15@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "and the state flower is the camellia", "paraphrase": "camellia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#15@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 907, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#16@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#16@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture.", "paraphrase": "dependence on agriculture.", "answer_start": 908, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#17@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture.", "paraphrase": "dependence on agriculture.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. \n\nEuropean Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#17@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1072, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#18@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#18@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Following World War II, Alabama grew ", "paraphrase": "Following World War II", "answer_start": 1380, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#19@pos", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Following World War II, Alabama grew ", "paraphrase": "Following World War II", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. \n\nUnlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different \"sizes\" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.", "pid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#19@neg", "qid": "3gfk2qrxx9hp8jpooxtgdgad3a3w56_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " type of processor (CPU)", "paraphrase": "CPU", "answer_start": 1019, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#2@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " type of processor (CPU)", "paraphrase": "CPU", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#2@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "For example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC", "paraphrase": "No?", "answer_start": 584, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#3@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "For example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC", "paraphrase": "No?", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#3@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix ", "paraphrase": "Linux/Unix", "answer_start": 1337, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#4@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix ", "paraphrase": "Linux/Unix", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#4@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "and macOS ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#5@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "and macOS ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#5@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "common platform is Microsoft Windows", "paraphrase": "Microsoft Windows", "answer_start": 1267, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#6@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "common platform is Microsoft Windows", "paraphrase": "Microsoft Windows", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines. Often the place that did this was called an apothecary and several languages have this as the dominant term, though their practices are more akin to a modern pharmacy, in English the term apothecary would today be seen as outdated or only approproriate if herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia (Greek: \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) derives from pharmakon (\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd), meaning \"drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").[n 1]", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#6@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1476, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#7@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#7@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform", "paraphrase": "Application software", "answer_start": 1599, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#8@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform", "paraphrase": "Application software", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#8@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems", "paraphrase": "The Java platform", "answer_start": 1756, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#9@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems", "paraphrase": "The Java platform", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#9@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#9"}
{"answer_text": ", and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 1860, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#10@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#10"}
{"answer_text": ", and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#10@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms", "paraphrase": "cross-platform software", "answer_start": 13, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#11@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms", "paraphrase": "cross-platform software", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#11@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " (also multi-platform software ", "paraphrase": "multi-platform software", "answer_start": 37, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#12@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " (also multi-platform software ", "paraphrase": "multi-platform software", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#12@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "or platform-independent software", "paraphrase": "platform-independent software", "answer_start": 68, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#13@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "or platform-independent software", "paraphrase": "platform-independent software", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#13@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " Cross-platform software may be divided into two types", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 175, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#14@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Cross-platform software may be divided into two types", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#14@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Cross-platform software may be divided into two type", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": 176, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#15@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Cross-platform software may be divided into two type", "paraphrase": "Two", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A biblical canon or canon of scripture is a set of texts (or \"books\") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The English word \"canon\" comes from the Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, meaning \"rule\" or \"measuring stick\". Christians became the first to use the term in reference to scripture, but Eugene Ulrich regards the idea as Jewish. \n\nMost of the canons listed below are considered \"closed\" (i.e., books cannot be added or removed), reflecting a belief that public revelation has ended and thus some person or persons can gather approved inspired texts into a complete and authoritative canon, which scholar Bruce Metzger defines as \"an authoritative collection of books\". In contrast, an \"open canon\", which permits the addition of books through the process of continuous revelation, Metzger defines as \"a collection of authoritative books\". \n\nThese canons have developed through debate (canonology) and agreement on the part of the religious authorities of their respective faiths and denominations. Believers consider canonical books as inspired by God or as expressive of the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people. Some books such as the Jewish-Christian gospels, have been excluded from various canons altogether, but many disputed books\u2014considered non-canonical or even apocryphal by some\u2014are considered to be Biblical apocrypha or Deuterocanonical or fully canonical by others. Differences exist between the Jewish Tanakh and Christian biblical canons, although the Jewish Tanakh did form the basis for the Christian Old Testament, and between the canons of different Christian denominations. The differing criteria and processes of canonization dictate what the various communities regard as inspired scripture. In some cases where varying strata of scriptural inspiration have accumulated, it becomes prudent to discuss texts that only have an elevated status within a particular tradition. This becomes even more complex when considering the open canons of the various Latter Day Saint sects\u2014which one may view as extensions of Christianity (and thus of Judaism)\u2014and the scriptural revelations purportedly given to several leaders over the years within that movement.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#15@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "one requires individual building", "paraphrase": "requires individual building", "answer_start": 231, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#16@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "one requires individual building", "paraphrase": "requires individual building", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. \n\nAn exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#16@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation", "paraphrase": "can be directly run on any platform without special preparation", "answer_start": 315, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#17@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation", "paraphrase": "can be directly run on any platform without special preparation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#17@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#17"}
{"answer_text": ". Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms", "paraphrase": "as few as 2", "answer_start": 778, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#18@pos", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#18"}
{"answer_text": ". Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms", "paraphrase": "as few as 2", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "During the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), the Union referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of president Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states and 5 border states that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states that formed the Confederate States, or \"the Confederacy.\" \n\nAll of the Union's states provided soldiers for the U.S. Army, though the border areas also sent tens of thousands of soldiers to the Confederacy. The Border states were essential as a supply base for the Union invasion of the Confederacy, and Lincoln realized he could not win the war without control of them. The Northeast provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies, as well as financing for the war. The Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. Most states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion in 1863\u201364. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war in 1861 but in 1862 was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element led by the \"Copperheads.\" The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. In 1864 the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket.", "pid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#18@neg", "qid": "3i02618ya06g9pi2dcnttyux9vwpur_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278", "paraphrase": "9,278", "answer_start": 865, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#1@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278", "paraphrase": "9,278", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#1@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe", "paraphrase": "the island voted in favour of secession", "answer_start": 527, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#2@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe", "paraphrase": "the island voted in favour of secession", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#2@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy", "paraphrase": "the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#3@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy", "paraphrase": "the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds). \n\nAn alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#3@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies.", "paraphrase": "an overseas collectivity of France", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#4@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies.", "paraphrase": "an overseas collectivity of France", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Society of Jesus (S.J. \u2013 from ) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. \n\nIgnatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. He composed the \"Spiritual Exercises\" to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed vows of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the \"Formula of the Institute\". \n\nIgnatius was a nobleman who had a military background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world, where they might be required to live in extreme conditions. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for \"whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine.\" Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as \"God's soldiers\", \"God's marines\", or \"the Company\", which evolved from references to Ignatius' history as a soldier and the society's commitment to accepting orders anywhere and to endure any conditions. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#4@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune", "paraphrase": "French", "answer_start": 392, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#5@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune", "paraphrase": "French", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#5@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The collectivity is one of four territories", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": 659, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#6@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The collectivity is one of four territories", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#6@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 267, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#7@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#7@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "called Ouanalao by the indigenous people", "paraphrase": "Ouanalao", "answer_start": 85, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#8@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "called Ouanalao by the indigenous people", "paraphrase": "Ouanalao", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#8@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Its capital is Gustavia", "paraphrase": "Gustavia", "answer_start": 996, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#9@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Its capital is Gustavia", "paraphrase": "Gustavia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#9@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season", "paraphrase": "the winter holiday season", "answer_start": 1422, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#10@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season", "paraphrase": "the winter holiday season", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#10@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "paraphrase": "during the Christmas and new year period.", "answer_start": 1436, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#11@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "paraphrase": "during the Christmas and new year period.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#11@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs,", "paraphrase": "shallow reefs", "answer_start": 883, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#12@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs,", "paraphrase": "shallow reefs", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#12@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule", "paraphrase": "Guadeloupe", "answer_start": 1168, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#13@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule", "paraphrase": "Guadeloupe", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#13@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French.", "paraphrase": "French.", "answer_start": 1354, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#14@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French.", "paraphrase": "French.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#14@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms", "paraphrase": "the Three Crowns", "answer_start": 1250, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#15@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms", "paraphrase": "the Three Crowns", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12\u00a0February 1809\u00a0\u2013 19\u00a0April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. \n\nDarwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book \"On the Origin of Species\", overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. \n\nDarwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#15@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Puerto Rico is to the west", "paraphrase": "Puerto Rico", "answer_start": 338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#16@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Puerto Rico is to the west", "paraphrase": "Puerto Rico", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#16@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles.", "paraphrase": "the Greater Antilles.", "answer_start": 338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#17@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles.", "paraphrase": "the Greater Antilles.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#17@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 865, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#18@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. \n\nPrior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#18@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island.", "paraphrase": "Gustavia", "answer_start": 996, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#19@pos", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island.", "paraphrase": "Gustavia", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004\u201309) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury.", "pid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#19@neg", "qid": "32z9zlut1lktj30hyd3flj0h5hyhoz_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary", "paraphrase": "Adult contemporary", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#1@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary", "paraphrase": "Adult contemporary", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#1@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "style of music", "paraphrase": "style of music", "answer_start": 35, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#2@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "style of music", "paraphrase": "style of music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#2@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day", "paraphrase": "ranging from 1960s and 1970s soft rock to ballad-heavy music of today", "answer_start": 51, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#3@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day", "paraphrase": "ranging from 1960s and 1970s soft rock to ballad-heavy music of today", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#3@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s", "paraphrase": "easy listening and soft rock style from the 1960s and 1970s", "answer_start": 311, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#4@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s", "paraphrase": "easy listening and soft rock style from the 1960s and 1970s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#4@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "djustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. ", "paraphrase": "adjustments reflecting evolution of pop/rock music.", "answer_start": 400, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#5@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "djustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. ", "paraphrase": "adjustments reflecting evolution of pop/rock music.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#5@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary", "paraphrase": "Adult contemporary", "answer_start": 260, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#6@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary", "paraphrase": "Adult contemporary", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#6@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "ush, soothing", "paraphrase": "It's lush and soothing", "answer_start": 493, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#7@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "ush, soothing", "paraphrase": "It's lush and soothing", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#7@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "background music", "paraphrase": "background music", "answer_start": 710, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#8@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "background music", "paraphrase": "background music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics like infinitesimal calculus and graph theory while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. \n\nEuler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century, and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 60 to 80 quarto volumes, more than anybody in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. \n\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" \n\nLeonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite Brucker, a pastor's daughter. He had two younger sisters: Anna Maria and Maria Magdalena, and a younger brother Johann Heinrich. Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, where Euler spent most of his childhood. Paul Euler was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli was then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, and would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#8@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "verse\u2013chorus structure", "paraphrase": "verse\u2013chorus structure", "answer_start": 811, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#9@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "verse\u2013chorus structure", "paraphrase": "verse\u2013chorus structure", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (; ; \u2013 ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the \"Annals\" and the \"Histories\"\u2014examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the \"Annals\" that is four books long. \n\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see \"Dialogus de oratoribus\"), Germania (in \"De origine et situ Germanorum\"), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (\"De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae\"). \n\nTacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#9@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set.", "paraphrase": "acoustic", "answer_start": 837, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#10@pos", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set.", "paraphrase": "acoustic", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#10@neg", "qid": "3zv9h2yqqd7mu42kae5nyjctp49w3t_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Support for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 396, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#1@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Support for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0,", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#1@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " JPEG extended range", "paraphrase": "JPEG extended range", "answer_start": 18, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#2@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#2"}
{"answer_text": " JPEG extended range", "paraphrase": "JPEG extended range", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#2@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "2006", "paraphrase": "2006", "answer_start": 809, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#3@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "2006", "paraphrase": "2006", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#3@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "HD Photo", "paraphrase": "HD Photo", "answer_start": 838, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#4@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "HD Photo", "paraphrase": "HD Photo", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#4@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "November of that year", "paraphrase": "November of that year", "answer_start": 850, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#5@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "November of that year", "paraphrase": "November of that year", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#5@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11", "paraphrase": "Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11", "answer_start": 460, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#6@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11", "paraphrase": "Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#6@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " July 2007", "paraphrase": "July 2007", "answer_start": 875, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#7@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " July 2007", "paraphrase": "July 2007", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#7@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " It supports both lossy and lossless compression", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 257, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#8@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " It supports both lossy and lossless compression", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#8@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#8"}
{"answer_text": " and lossless compression", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 280, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#9@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#9"}
{"answer_text": " and lossless compression", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00fclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u20131918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#9@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "16 March 2009", "paraphrase": "16 March 2009", "answer_start": 1030, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. \n\nSupport for the format is available in Adobe Flash Player 11.0, Adobe AIR 3.0, Sumatra PDF 2.1, Windows Imaging Component, .NET Framework 3.0, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, Internet Explorer 11, Pale Moon 27.2.As of August 2014, there were still no cameras that shoot photos in the JPEG XR (.JXR) format. \n\nMicrosoft first announced Windows Media Photo at WinHEC 2006, and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Microsoft announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as JPEG XR. On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in \"pre-published\" form. On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as International Standard ISO/IEC 29199-2. The ITU-T updated its publication with a corrigendum approved in December 2009, and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#10@pos", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "16 March 2009", "paraphrase": "16 March 2009", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#10@neg", "qid": "3r2pkq87nw85fvqprf6ntrcrauwimc_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Tamla Records", "paraphrase": "Tamla Records", "answer_start": 91, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#1@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Tamla Records", "paraphrase": "Tamla Records", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Geodesy (/d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8\u0252d\u0268si/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. The history of geodesy began in antiquity and blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment. \n\nEarly ideas about the figure of the Earth held the Earth to be flat (see flat Earth), and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses were seen as circular shadows which could only be caused by a spherical Earth, and that Polaris is seen lower in the sky as one travels South. \n\nThe early Greeks, in their speculation and theorizing, ranged from the flat disc advocated by Homer to the spherical body postulated by Pythagoras. Pythagoras's idea was supported later by Aristotle. Pythagoras was a mathematician and to him the most perfect figure was a sphere. He reasoned that the gods would create a perfect figure and therefore the Earth was created to be spherical in shape. Anaximenes, an early Greek philosopher, believed strongly that the Earth was rectangular in shape. \n\nSince the spherical shape was the most widely supported during the Greek Era, efforts to determine its size followed. Plato determined the circumference of the Earth (which is slightly over 40,000\u00a0km) to be 400,000 stadia (between 62,800 and 74,000\u00a0km or 46,250 and 39,250\u00a0mi) while Archimedes estimated 300,000 stadia (48,300\u00a0km or 30,000\u00a0mi), using the Hellenic stadion which scholars generally take to be 185 meters or of a geographical mile. Plato's figure was a guess and Archimedes' a more conservative approximation.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#1@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "January 12, 1959", "paraphrase": "January 12, 1959", "answer_start": 108, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#2@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "January 12, 1959", "paraphrase": "January 12, 1959", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#2@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Motown Record Corporation", "paraphrase": "Motown Record Corporation", "answer_start": 150, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#3@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Motown Record Corporation", "paraphrase": "Motown Record Corporation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#3@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "April 14, 1960", "paraphrase": "April 14, 1960", "answer_start": 179, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#4@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "April 14, 1960", "paraphrase": "April 14, 1960", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas; some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation. \n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#4@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\"", "paraphrase": "a mix of \"motor\" and \"town\"", "answer_start": 227, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#5@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\"", "paraphrase": "a mix of \"motor\" and \"town\"", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#5@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit", "paraphrase": "Detroit", "answer_start": 295, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#6@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Detroit", "paraphrase": "Detroit", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#6@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " has also become a nickname for Detroit.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 263, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#7@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " has also become a nickname for Detroit.", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#7@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the racial integration of popular music ", "paraphrase": "the racial integration of popular music", "answer_start": 339, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#8@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the racial integration of popular music ", "paraphrase": "the racial integration of popular music", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#8@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.", "paraphrase": "as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.", "answer_start": 379, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#9@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.", "paraphrase": "as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Liberal Party was a political party which, with the Conservative Party, was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th century. \n\nThe party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free-trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite splitting over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to power in 1906 with a landslide victory. \n\nIt passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. H. H. Asquith was Liberal Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916, followed by David Lloyd George, 1916-22. Although Asquith was the Party leader, the dominant figure was Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister, and Lloyd George replaced him as the coalition prime minister in late 1916 but Asquith remained Liberal party leader. The two fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. Historian Martin Pugh in \"The Oxford Companion to British History\" argues that Lloyd George: \n\nThe Lloyd George coalition was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, the party's fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 General Election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 General Election, its vote fell below 23% and the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. It was formed by party members opposed to the merger who saw the Lib Dems diluting Liberal ideals.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#9@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Tamla Motown", "paraphrase": "Tamla Motown", "answer_start": 524, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#10@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Tamla Motown", "paraphrase": "Tamla Motown", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#10@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "soul music with a distinct pop influence", "paraphrase": "soul music with a distinct pop influence", "answer_start": 662, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#11@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "soul music with a distinct pop influence", "paraphrase": "soul music with a distinct pop influence", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. \n\nThe English word scientist is relatively recent\u2014first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#11@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "79 records", "paraphrase": "79 records", "answer_start": 786, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"town\", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. \n\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#12@pos", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "79 records", "paraphrase": "79 records", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#12@neg", "qid": "34majl3qp4nal2j008z43rt25le433_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Government of India ", "paraphrase": "Government of India", "answer_start": 4, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#1@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Government of India ", "paraphrase": "Government of India", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#1@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "by the constitution of India", "paraphrase": "by the constitution of India", "answer_start": 62, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#2@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "by the constitution of India", "paraphrase": "by the constitution of India", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. \n\nAccording to the philosopher William L. Rowe, \"agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist\". Agnosticism is a doctrine or set of s rather than a religion. \n\nEnglish biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word \"agnostic\" in 1869. Earlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\". The Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda is agnostic about the origin of the universe. \n\nBeing a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand. Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher William L. Rowe, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#2@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "New Delhi", "paraphrase": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 258, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#3@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "New Delhi", "paraphrase": "New Delhi", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Valencia (/v\u0259\u02c8l\u025bnsi\u0259/; Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), or Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. \n\nValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#3@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "the capital of India. ", "paraphrase": "the capital of India.", "answer_start": 269, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#4@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "the capital of India. ", "paraphrase": "the capital of India.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#4@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " 29", "paraphrase": "29", "answer_start": 159, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#5@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " 29", "paraphrase": "29", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states \"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.\" Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth. \n\nThe definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, \"free from all sin, original or personal\". The Council of Trent decreed: \"If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\"", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#5@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "seven", "paraphrase": "seven", "answer_start": 174, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#6@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "seven", "paraphrase": "seven", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances. KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development. \n\nThe KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by Minoru Kanehisa, Professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, under the then ongoing Japanese Human Genome Program. Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of genome sequence data, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link genes in the genome to gene products (mostly proteins) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. \n\nAccording to the developers, KEGG is a \"computer representation\" of the biological system. It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system \u2014 more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of small molecules and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#6@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Republic of India", "paraphrase": "Republic of India", "answer_start": 323, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#7@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Republic of India", "paraphrase": "Republic of India", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#7@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Greek and Roman times", "paraphrase": "Greek and Roman times", "answer_start": 428, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#8@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Greek and Roman times", "paraphrase": "Greek and Roman times", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#8@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Sindhu", "paraphrase": "Sindhu", "answer_start": 518, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#9@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Sindhu", "paraphrase": "Sindhu", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term \"Kashmir\" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir (subdivided into Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh divisions), the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. \n\nIn the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the \"Salatin-i-Kashmir\" or Shah Mir dynasty. Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751, and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire. That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the \"paramountcy\" (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Raj was claimed by both Pakistan and India. It is currently a disputed territory, administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#9@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Hindustan", "paraphrase": "Hindustan", "answer_start": 479, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#10@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Hindustan", "paraphrase": "Hindustan", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#10@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " the Indus river", "paraphrase": "the Indus river", "answer_start": 611, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#11@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " the Indus river", "paraphrase": "the Indus river", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. \n\nHistorically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#11@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "British", "paraphrase": "British", "answer_start": 818, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#12@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "British", "paraphrase": "British", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#12@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " executive, legislative, and judicial", "paraphrase": "executive, legislative, and judicial", "answer_start": 1015, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#13@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " executive, legislative, and judicial", "paraphrase": "executive, legislative, and judicial", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u0131 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#13@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court", "paraphrase": "Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court", "answer_start": 1101, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#14@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court", "paraphrase": "Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#14@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " Indian Armed Forces", "paraphrase": "Indian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 1247, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#15@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Indian Armed Forces", "paraphrase": "Indian Armed Forces", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#15@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "running the union government", "paraphrase": "runs the union government", "answer_start": 1378, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#16@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "running the union government", "paraphrase": "runs the union government", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo. \n\nIn 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\". \n\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#16@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Lok Sabha", "paraphrase": "Lok Sabha", "answer_start": 1449, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#17@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Lok Sabha", "paraphrase": "Lok Sabha", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#17@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Rajya Sabha", "paraphrase": "Rajya Sabha", "answer_start": 1484, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#18@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "Rajya Sabha", "paraphrase": "Rajya Sabha", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#18@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " 24", "paraphrase": "24", "answer_start": 1581, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#19@pos", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " 24", "paraphrase": "24", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress and its predecessor, the Continental Congress. Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico. \n\nThe online edition also includes a guide to research collections (a list of institutions where member's papers, letters, correspondence, and other items are archived) as well as an extended bibliography of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources when available can be accessed via links on the left side of the member's page on the website. \n\nCharles Lanman, author, journalist, and former secretary to Daniel Webster, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his \"Dictionary of Congress\", published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1859. Lanman intended his \"Dictionary of the United States Congress\" to serve primarily as a guide for sitting Members of Congress, much as the \"Congressional Directory\" functions today. \n\nIn 1864, the House of Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's \"Dictionary of Congress\" by the recently established Government Printing Office. In the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a \"Congressional Directory\" with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the \"Dictionary of Congress\".", "pid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#19@neg", "qid": "3txd01zld4hukwwjfsv5q0j2ivk4ur_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " 1988", "paraphrase": "1988", "answer_start": 262, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#1@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#1"}
{"answer_text": " 1988", "paraphrase": "1988", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#1@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "in the CCITT red book", "paraphrase": "in the CCITT red book", "answer_start": 268, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#2@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "in the CCITT red book", "paraphrase": "in the CCITT red book", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century. It was originally published in 12 volumes by Funk and Wagnalls of New York City between 1901 and 1906 and reprinted in the 1960s by KTAV Publishing House. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded: the American Jewish Archives has called it \"the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times\" and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal noted that, \"For events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish Encyclopedias written in English.\" It is now in the public domain and hosted at various sites around the internet. \n\nThe encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer. The editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The other editors participating in all twelve volumes were Cyrus Adler, Gotthard Deutsch, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs, Kaufmann Kohler, Herman Rosenthal, and Crawford Howell Toy. Morris Jastrow, Jr. and Frederick de Sola Mendes assisted with volumes I & II; Marcus Jastrow with volumes I, II, & III; Louis Ginzberg with the first four volumes; Solomon Schechter with volumes IV through VII; Emil G. Hirsch with volumes IV through XII; and Wilhelm Bacher with volumes VIII through XII. William Popper served as the assistant revision editor and chief of translation for Vols.\u00a0IV through XII.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#2@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Integrated Services Digital Network", "paraphrase": "Integrated Services Digital Network", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#3@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Integrated Services Digital Network", "paraphrase": "Integrated Services Digital Network", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Detroit (/d\u1d7b\u02c8tr\u0254\u026at/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States\u2013Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. \n\nDetroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit\u2013Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada\u2013U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#3@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "with some special services available for data", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 367, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#4@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "with some special services available for data", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" in later censuses, they were included as \"Free people of color\" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black. \n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#4@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " speech ", "paraphrase": "speech", "answer_start": 459, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#5@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " speech ", "paraphrase": "speech", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#5@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " it integrates speech and data on the same lines", "paraphrase": "it integrates speech and data on the same lines", "answer_start": 445, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#6@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " it integrates speech and data on the same lines", "paraphrase": "it integrates speech and data on the same lines", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A cappella [a kap\u02c8p\u025blla] (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. \n\nA cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#6@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 494, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#7@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system.", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Wikibooks (previously called \"Wikimedia Free Textbook Project\" and \"Wikimedia-Textbooks\") is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. \n\nIn June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors. \n\nThe wikibooks.org domain was registered on . It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. There are two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy. \n\nIn August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project. \n\nSince 2008, Wikibooks is included in BASE \n\nWikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Arabic. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation. \n\nWhile some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#7@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Basic Rate Interface", "paraphrase": "Basic Rate Interface", "answer_start": 638, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#8@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Basic Rate Interface", "paraphrase": "Basic Rate Interface", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#8@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "access interface", "paraphrase": "access interface", "answer_start": 611, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#9@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "access interface", "paraphrase": "access interface", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#9@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Primary Rate Interface ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 666, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#10@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Primary Rate Interface ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York City-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Along with HRW headquarters in New York City, the organisation has offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C. and Z\u00fcrich. \n\nHuman Rights Watch in 1997 shared in the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. \n\nThe organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011 and $69.2 million in 2014. \n\nHuman Rights Watch was founded by Robert L. Bernstein as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the former Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of publicly \"naming and shaming\" abusive governments through media coverage and through direct exchanges with policymakers. By shining the international spotlight on human rights violations in the Soviet Union and its European partners, Helsinki Watch says it contributed to the democratic transformations of the region in the late 1980s. \n\nAmericas Watch was founded in 1981 while bloody civil wars engulfed Central America. Relying on extensive on-the-ground fact-finding, Americas Watch not only addressed perceived abuses by government forces but also applied international humanitarian law to investigate and expose war crimes by rebel groups. In addition to raising its concerns in the affected countries, Americas Watch also examined the role played by foreign governments, particularly the United States government, in providing military and political support to abusive regimes.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#10@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#10"}
{"answer_text": " Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)", "paraphrase": "Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)", "answer_start": 695, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#11@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)", "paraphrase": "Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#11@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " circuit-switched", "paraphrase": "circuit-switches", "answer_start": 762, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#12@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " circuit-switched", "paraphrase": "circuit-switches", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term \"borough\" designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. \n\nThe word \"borough\" derives from common Proto-Germanic \"*burgz\", meaning \"fort\": compare with \"bury\", \"burgh\" and \"brough\" (England), \"burgh\" (Scotland), \"Burg\" (Germany), \"borg\" (Scandinavia), \"burcht\" (Dutch), \"boarch\" (West Frisian), and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as \"borgo\" (Italian), \"bourg\" (French), \"burgo\" (Spanish and Portuguese), \"burg\" (Romanian), \"purg\" (Kajkavian) and \"durg\" (\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0917) (Hindi) and \"arg\" (\u0627\u0631\u06af) (Persian). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example, Aldeburgh, Bamburgh, Tilbury, Tilburg, Strasbourg (Strossburi in the local dialect), Luxembourg, Edinburgh, Grundisburgh, Hamburg, Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements. \n\nIn the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word \"borough\" probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#12@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " packet-switched connections ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1107, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#13@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " packet-switched connections ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.). \n\nThe Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#13@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "packet-switched", "paraphrase": "packet-switched", "answer_start": 1108, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#14@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "packet-switched", "paraphrase": "packet-switched", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#14@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "for data", "paraphrase": "carries data", "answer_start": 1137, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#15@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "for data", "paraphrase": "carries data", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale. \n\nPython features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation. \n\nPython was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the operating system Amoeba. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, \"Benevolent Dictator For Life\" (BDFL).", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#15@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " copper ", "paraphrase": "copper", "answer_start": 942, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#16@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " copper ", "paraphrase": "copper", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. With origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Louis, entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a barnstorming club in 1881, then known as the Brown Stockings, and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900. \n\nOne of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball and most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals\u2013Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#16@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality ", "paraphrase": "Better", "answer_start": 862, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#17@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality ", "paraphrase": "Better", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. \n\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#17@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " 64 kilobit/s", "paraphrase": "64 kilobit/s", "answer_start": 1164, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#18@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#18"}
{"answer_text": " 64 kilobit/s", "paraphrase": "64 kilobit/s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#18@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "128 kbit/s", "paraphrase": "128 kbit/s", "answer_start": 1301, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#19@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#19"}
{"answer_text": "128 kbit/s", "paraphrase": "128 kbit/s", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Florida i/\u02c8fl\u0252r\u026ad\u0259/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital. \n\nA peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#19@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#19"}
{"answer_text": " in both upstream and downstream directions", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1321, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#20@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " in both upstream and downstream directions", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States. Adobe has historically focused upon the creation of multimedia and creativity software products, with a more recent foray towards rich Internet application software development. It is best known for Photoshop, an image editing software, Acrobat Reader, the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Adobe Creative Suite, as well as its successor Adobe Creative Cloud. \n\nAdobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language. In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. \n\n, Adobe Systems has about 15,000 employees worldwide, about 40% of whom work in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Newton, Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lehi, Utah; Seattle, Washington; San Francisco and San Luis Obispo, California in the United States. \n\nThe company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, \"Adobe\", comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, which ran behind Warnock's house. Adobe's corporate logo features a stylized \"A\" and was designed by the wife of John Warnock, Marva Warnock, who is a graphic designer.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#20@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#20"}
{"answer_text": " Channel bonding ", "paraphrase": "Channel bonding", "answer_start": 1365, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#21@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#21"}
{"answer_text": " Channel bonding ", "paraphrase": "Channel bonding", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language. Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest. \n\nThe early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds. During this period, Christianity was established and there was a flowering of literature and language. Charters and law were also established. The term \"Anglo-Saxon\" is popularly used for the language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. In scholarly use, it is more commonly called Old English. \n\nThe history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity. It developed from divergent groups in association with the people's adoption of Christianity, and was integral to the establishment of various kingdoms. Threatened by extended Danish invasions and military occupation of eastern England, this identity was re-established; it dominated until after the Norman Conquest. The visible Anglo-Saxon culture can be seen in the material culture of buildings, dress styles, illuminated texts and grave goods. Behind the symbolic nature of these cultural emblems, there are strong elements of tribal and lordship ties. The elite declared themselves as kings who developed \"burhs\", and identified their roles and peoples in Biblical terms. Above all, as Helena Hamerow has observed, \"local and extended kin groups remained...the essential unit of production throughout the Anglo-Saxon period.\" The effects persist in the 21st century as, according to a study published in March 2015, the genetic make up of British populations today shows divisions of the tribal political units of the early Anglo-Saxon period.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#21@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#21"}
{"answer_text": " three or four", "paraphrase": "three or four", "answer_start": 1447, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#22@pos", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#22"}
{"answer_text": " three or four", "paraphrase": "three or four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u2013 or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "pid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#22@neg", "qid": "34yb12fsqyorj4ku1r6k8fzbvh4gmi_q#22"}
{"answer_text": "The copyright holder is typically the work's creator", "paraphrase": "the work's creator", "answer_start": 271, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#1@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The copyright holder is typically the work's creator", "paraphrase": "the work's creator", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group. Its official newspaper is \"The Final Call\". In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. \n\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. \n\nThere were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"World Community of Islam in the West\" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#1@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher", "paraphrase": "a publisher", "answer_start": 271, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#2@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher", "paraphrase": "a publisher", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#2@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission", "paraphrase": "Copyright infringement", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#3@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission", "paraphrase": "Copyright infringement", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#3@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation", "paraphrase": "direct negotiation", "answer_start": 513, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#4@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation", "paraphrase": "direct negotiation", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#4@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce,", "paraphrase": "copyright holder", "answer_start": 101, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#5@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce,", "paraphrase": "copyright holder", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#5@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n", "paraphrase": "invoke legal and technological measures", "answer_start": 395, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#6@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n", "paraphrase": "invoke legal and technological measures", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#6@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. ", "paraphrase": "prosecuted via the criminal justice system", "answer_start": 656, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#7@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. ", "paraphrase": "prosecuted via the criminal justice system", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show. \n\nIn 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has remained since then. Many of \"SNL\"s cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#7@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 807, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#8@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#8@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 939, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#9@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John the Baptist (, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o baptist\u00e9s\" or \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd, \"Io\u00e1nnes (h)o bapt\u00edzon\", known as the Prophet Yahya in the Quran), also known as John the Baptizer, was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these traditions, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions. \n\nJohn used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Some scholars believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John. This idea is strongly controverted, however, by John the Baptist's own words in scripture, although several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. \n\nAccording to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#9@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "or litigation in civil court. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 626, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. \n\nCopyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize \u2013 as \"indirect\" infringers \u2013 the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#10@pos", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "or litigation in civil court. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. \n\nBorn and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager; his first band, the Quarrymen, was named the Silver Beatles, and finally evolved into the Beatles in 1960. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and \"Imagine\", and songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Working Class Hero\", and \"Imagine\". After he married Yoko Ono in 1969, he added \"Ono\" as one of his middle names. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album \"Double Fantasy\". He was shot and killed in front of his Manhattan apartment three weeks after its release. \n\nLennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved from London to Manhattan in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. Some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.", "pid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#10@neg", "qid": "3wqq9fus6aug7yafr44n2m7jvpi8bg_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style", "paraphrase": "English vernacular architecture", "answer_start": 1338, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#1@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style", "paraphrase": "English vernacular architecture", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#1@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "new middle-class homes and public buildings ", "paraphrase": "new middle-class homes and public buildings", "answer_start": 1434, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#2@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "new middle-class homes and public buildings ", "paraphrase": "new middle-class homes and public buildings", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. \n\nIn January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 states that founded the United States of America, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, bringing that document into effect. \n\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont and Maine. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#2@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "Georgian", "paraphrase": "Georgian", "answer_start": 588, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#3@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "Georgian", "paraphrase": "Georgian", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. The ISDN standards define several kinds of access interfaces, such as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). \n\nISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. In some countries, ISDN found major market application for Internet access, in which ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#3@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " between 1714 and 1830", "paraphrase": "between 1714 and 1830", "answer_start": 117, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#4@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " between 1714 and 1830", "paraphrase": "between 1714 and 1830", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#4@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "George I, George II, George III, and George IV", "paraphrase": "George I, George II, George III, and George IV", "answer_start": 217, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#5@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "George I, George II, George III, and George IV", "paraphrase": "George I, George II, George III, and George IV", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management. \n\nThe conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology. \n\nThe term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of \"The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology\" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soul\u00e9 with a group of leading university and zoo researchers and conservationists including Kurt Benirschke, Sir Otto Frankel, Thomas Lovejoy, and Jared Diamond. The meeting was prompted by the concern over tropical deforestation, disappearing species, eroding genetic diversity within species. The conference and proceedings that resulted sought to initiate the bridging of a gap between theory in ecology and evolutionary genetics on the one hand and conservation policy and practice on the other. Conservation biology and the concept of biological diversity (biodiversity) emerged together, helping crystallize the modern era of conservation science and policy. The inherent multidisciplinary basis for conservation biology has led to new subdisciplines including conservation social science, conservation behavior and conservation physiology. It stimulated further development of conservation genetics which Otto Frankel had originated first but is now often considered a subdiscipline as well.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#5@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 332, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#6@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#6"}
{"answer_text": "The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. \n\nAlabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. \n\nFrom the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Like other southern states, Alabama legislators disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites at the turn of the century. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s; urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#6@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " late 19th century", "paraphrase": "late 19th century", "answer_start": 360, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#7@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " late 19th century", "paraphrase": "late 19th century", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Antwerp is a Flemish city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the community of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium. Its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. \n\nAntwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. It is about north from Brussels, and about from the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872, it has been derelict since 1997. \n\nAntwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, both economically and culturally, especially before the Spanish Fury (1576) in the Dutch Revolt. The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed \"Sinjoren\", after the Spanish honorific \"se\u00f1or\" or French \"seigneur\", \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. Today Antwerp is a major trade and cultural centre, and is the world's second most multi-cultural city (after Amsterdam) home to 170 nationalities. It is also known as the \"diamond capital\" of the world for its large diamond district. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#7@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "the United States", "paraphrase": "the United States", "answer_start": 382, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#8@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "the United States", "paraphrase": "the United States", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. \n\nWest Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (briefly to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south and south-east). \n\nLeeds, informally, is the capital of West Yorkshire, Leeds (city) has developed into the third biggest in the UK by population after London and Birmingham, York is the Capital of Yorkshire, the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan County has grown to become the 4th largest in the UK after Greater London, West Midlands (Birmingham) and Greater Manchester with a population over 2.2 million. \n\nRemnants of a strong industrialisation in coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen the buildings and architecture. The greatest hub Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and three major motorways traverse the county. In the heart of the county is Leeds Bradford International Airport.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#8@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#9@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. ", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#9@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain", "paraphrase": "Great Britain", "answer_start": 466, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#10@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "Great Britain", "paraphrase": "Great Britain", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members and Asian states. Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully. ASEAN is an official United Nations Observer. Communication by members across nations takes place in English. \n\nASEAN covers a land area of 4.4\u00a0million square kilometres, 3% of the total land area of Earth. ASEAN territorial waters cover an area about three times larger than its land counterpart. Member countries have a combined population of approximately 625 million people, 8.8% of the world's population. In 2015, the organisation's combined nominal GDP had grown to more than US$2.8\u00a0trillion. If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the sixth largest economy in the world, behind the USA, China, Japan, France and Germany. ASEAN shares land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea, and maritime borders with India, China, Palau, and Australia. Both East Timor and Papua New Guinea are backed by certain ASEAN members for their membership in the organisation.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#10@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "nd in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": 434, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#11@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "nd in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture", "paraphrase": "No", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. \n\nFungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#11@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#11"}
{"answer_text": " Neo-Georgian architecture", "paraphrase": "Neo-Georgian architecture", "answer_start": 482, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#12@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " Neo-Georgian architecture", "paraphrase": "Neo-Georgian architecture", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In computing, cross-platform software (also multi-platform software or platform-independent software) is computer software that is implemented on multiple computing platforms. Cross-platform software may be divided into two types; one requires individual building or compilation for each platform that it supports, and the other one can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, e.g., software written in an interpreted language or pre-compiled portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all platforms. \n\nFor example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and macOS on either the PowerPC or x86-based Apple Macintosh systems. Cross-platform programs may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Cross-platform frameworks (such as Qt, Xamarin, Phonegap, or Ionic) exist to aid cross-platform development. \n\n\"Platform\" can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which a given operating system or application runs, the type of operating system on a computer or the combination of the type of hardware and the type of operating system running on it. An example of a common platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux/Unix and macOS - both of which are themselves cross-platform. There are, however, many devices such as smartphones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform\u2014either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#12@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#12"}
{"answer_text": " generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\",", "paraphrase": "generally buildings.", "answer_start": 695, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#13@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#13"}
{"answer_text": " generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\",", "paraphrase": "generally buildings.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Second Boer War (, , \"Second Freedom War\"), known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa: the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. \n\nBritain was overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, Britain brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland. Britain quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a \"khaki election\" to give the government another six years of power in London.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#13@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome,", "paraphrase": "symmetry and proportion", "answer_start": 947, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#14@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome,", "paraphrase": "symmetry and proportion", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: \n\nThen, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Glocester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" \n\nIt was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. \n\nThe assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179):", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#14@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#14"}
{"answer_text": " classical architecture of Greece and Rome", "paraphrase": "classical architecture of Greece and Rome", "answer_start": 983, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#15@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " classical architecture of Greece and Rome", "paraphrase": "classical architecture of Greece and Rome", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#15@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#15"}
{"answer_text": " Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. T", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": 1066, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#16@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. T", "paraphrase": "Yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is an epic narrative of the Kuruk\u1e63etra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the P\u0101\u1e47\u1e0dava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puru\u1e63\u0101rtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" are the \"Bhagavadg\u012bt\u0101\", the story of Damayant\u012b, an abbreviated version of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\", and the story of \u1e5a\u1e63yasringa, often considered as works in their own right. \n\nTraditionally, the authorship of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is attributed to Vy\u0101sa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400\u00a0BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bh\u0101rata dynasty\". According to the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply \"Bh\u0101rata\". \n\nThe \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is the longest epic poem known and has been described as \"the longest poem ever written\". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 \"\u015bloka\" or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8\u00a0million words in total, the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" is roughly ten times the length of the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\" combined, or about four times the length of the \"R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a\". W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the \"Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata\" in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#16@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Ornament ", "paraphrase": "Ornament", "answer_start": 1067, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#17@pos", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Ornament ", "paraphrase": "Ornament", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Government of India (GoI) is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. \n\nThe full name of India is the Republic of India. The names of India have a long and complex history which stem all the way back to the Greek and Roman times. It is thought that the word Hindustan comes from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"the sea\". This evolved in the word Hindu and Hindustan. India comes from the Indus river and the Greeks and Romans wrote about it as India. This became widespread in their writing and then commonly used to refer to the area between the Indus and the Ganges. As time went on, the British favored using India on their maps and this became more commonplace than Hindustan. \n\nAffecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the union government is mainly composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. The President of India is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces while the elected Prime Minister acts as the chief executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the union government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house and the Rajya Sabha as an upper house. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court.", "pid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#17@neg", "qid": "3r3yrb5grf39mlc0ot5w3352aymuak_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse", "paraphrase": "Frankfurt", "answer_start": 0, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#1@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse", "paraphrase": "Frankfurt", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover\u2014George I, George II, George III, and George IV\u2014who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. \n\nThe style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#1@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#1"}
{"answer_text": "the fifth-largest city in Germany,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": 149, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#2@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the fifth-largest city in Germany,", "paraphrase": "no", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics. \n\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#2@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#2"}
{"answer_text": "the fifth-largest city in Germany", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": 149, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#3@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#3"}
{"answer_text": "the fifth-largest city in Germany", "paraphrase": "four", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe \"Bobby\" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a \"culture of coziness\" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and \"a systematic breakdown\" in the FAA's culture that resulted in \"malfeasance, bordering on corruption.\" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#3@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#3"}
{"answer_text": " the German state of Hesse", "paraphrase": "a German state", "answer_start": 118, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#4@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#4"}
{"answer_text": " the German state of Hesse", "paraphrase": "a German state", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy (), called Ouanalao by the indigenous people, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies. Often abbreviated to \"St-Barth\" in French, and St. Barths or St. Barts in English, the island lies about southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is to the west in the Greater Antilles. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. In 2003, the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Saint Martin, Guadeloupe ( southeast), and Martinique. \n\nSaint Barth\u00e9lemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of and a population of 9,278 (Jan. 2013 census). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#4@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#4"}
{"answer_text": "Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel", "paraphrase": "the Bankenviertel", "answer_start": 590, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#5@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#5"}
{"answer_text": "Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel", "paraphrase": "the Bankenviertel", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. \n\nMechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). \n\nModern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#5@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#5"}
{"answer_text": " a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 713, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#6@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The Louvre () or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000\u00a0objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors. \n\nThe museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th\u00a0century under Philip\u00a0II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to the urban expansion of the city, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function and, in 1546, was converted by Francis I into the main residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Acad\u00e9mie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#6@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#6"}
{"answer_text": " around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "around half", "answer_start": 678, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#7@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#7"}
{"answer_text": " around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "around half", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#7@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#7"}
{"answer_text": "a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "False.", "answer_start": 714, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#8@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "a majority of young people, having a migration background", "paraphrase": "False.", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol \u20a5), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol \u00a2), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; \"dime\" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10\u00a2, while \"eagle\" and \"mill\" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599\u204410. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, \"paper money\" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the \"double eagle\", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as \"fractional currency\", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as \"shinplasters\". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a \"Union\", \"Half Union\", and \"Quarter Union\", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#8@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#8"}
{"answer_text": "with the HQs of the European Central Bank", "paraphrase": "the European Central Bank", "answer_start": 1147, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#9@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "with the HQs of the European Central Bank", "paraphrase": "the European Central Bank", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 942,370 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. \n\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for its decoration of the stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#9@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#9"}
{"answer_text": "the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank", "paraphrase": "the German Federal Bank", "answer_start": 1152, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#10@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank", "paraphrase": "the German Federal Bank", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court. The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty which serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by ratifying it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 124 states which are party to the Rome Statute and therefore members of the ICC. However, Burundi has given formal notice that it will withdraw from the Rome Statute. \n\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#10@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#10"}
{"answer_text": "the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank", "paraphrase": "Deutsche Bank", "answer_start": 1152, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#11@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank", "paraphrase": "Deutsche Bank", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. \n\nThe cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000\u20a3. With total receipts at 5,496,610\u20a3, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time. \n\n126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. \n\nSeventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary. \n\nA total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee. China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#11@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#11"}
{"answer_text": "several cloud and fintech startups", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1279, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#12@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "several cloud and fintech startups", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Burundi ( or ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika. \n\nThe Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. \n\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world's poorest. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#12@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#12"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "a trade fair", "answer_start": 1522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#13@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "a trade fair", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) (\u1d0a\u1d18 \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. Development of the handheld was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3\u00a02004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games consoles. \n\nThe PlayStation Portable became the most powerful portable system when launched, just after the Nintendo DS in 2004. It was the first real competitor to Nintendo's handheld domination, where many challengers, such as SNK's Neo Geo Pocket and Nokia's N-Gage, failed. Its GPU encompassed high-end graphics on a handheld, while its 4.3 inch viewing screen and multi-media capabilities, such as its video player and TV tuner, made the PlayStation Portable a major mobile entertainment device at the time. It also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3, other PSPs and the Internet. It is the only handheld console to use an optical disc format, Universal Media Disc (UMD), as its primary storage medium. \n\nThe original PSP model (PSP-1000) was replaced by a slimmer model with design changes (PSP-2000/\"Slim & Lite\") in 2007. Another remodeling followed in 2008, PSP-3000, which included a new screen and an inbuilt microphone. A complete redesign, PSP Go, came in 2009, followed by a budget model, PSP-E1000, in 2011. The PSP line was succeeded by the PlayStation Vita, released in December 2011 in Japan, and in February 2012 worldwide. The PlayStation Vita features backward compatibility with many PlayStation Portable games digitally released on the PlayStation Network, via PlayStation Store. As of 2017, this is the primary method to purchase PlayStation Portable games digitally because Sony shut down direct access to the PlayStation Store via PSP on March 31, 2016. Shipments of PlayStation Portable hardware ended throughout 2014 worldwide, having sold 80 million units in its 10-year lifetime. Worldwide production of software UMDs ended when the last Japanese factory closed by the end of 2016.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#13@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#13"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#14@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Greenwich (, , or ) is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. \n\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. \n\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Gipsy Moth IV\" next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934. Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#14@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#14"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "one of the world's largest", "answer_start": 1522, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#15@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs.", "paraphrase": "one of the world's largest", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico audio (help\u00b7info) American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8m\u00e9xiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs). \n\nThe Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America\u2014five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#15@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#15"}
{"answer_text": "Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show", "paraphrase": "the Frankfurt Motor Show", "answer_start": 1581, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#16@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#16"}
{"answer_text": "Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show", "paraphrase": "the Frankfurt Motor Show", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. \n\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. \n\nAdult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#16@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#16"}
{"answer_text": " the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair", "paraphrase": "the Frankfurt Book Fair", "answer_start": 1678, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#17@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#17"}
{"answer_text": " the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair", "paraphrase": "the Frankfurt Book Fair", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61\u00a0million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago. \n\nThe island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons. Politically, the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and constitutes most of its territory. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island. The term \"Great Britain\" often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England, Scotland, and Wales, and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole. \n\nA single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments agreed to form a political union. In 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which was renamed the \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\" after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#17@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#17"}
{"answer_text": "the Music Fair", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": 1659, "has_answer": 1, "passage": "Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (Literally \"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3\u00a0million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5\u00a0million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates. \n\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It's the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the HQs of the European Central Bank, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank, KfW, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#18@pos", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#18"}
{"answer_text": "the Music Fair", "paraphrase": "yes", "answer_start": -1, "has_answer": 0, "passage": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. \n\nAs a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "pid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#18@neg", "qid": "3gs6s824sqxty8vusxp27xazutmnw2_q#18"}